[MAR3027]

NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY

______________________

SEMESTER 2 2012/2013
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FUTURE MARINE PROJECTS

Time allowed – 2 hours

Instructions to Candidates:

 Answer FOUR questions, answer all parts of the questions you attempt;

 Answer at least ONE question from Section A;

 Please use a separate answer book for each question;

 Figures in square brackets show approximate mark values and are for
guidance only.

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 [MAR3027]

Section A
Answer at least ONE question from this section

1.
a) You are considering the purchase of a machine capable of scanning, for
security purposes, containers at an initial capital cost of £100,000. The
machine has a useful life of 3 years after which you will be able to sell it for
£50,000. The machine will be rented to various regulatory agencies for their
use when they visit your port, and you estimate that this will generate an
annual income stream of £15,000 per annum for each of three years.
Assuming an opportunity cost of capital of 12%, is this a viable project?
Comment on your answer.
[15 Marks]

b) Describe briefly each of the four methods used to evaluate investment

opportunities.
[10 Marks]

2.
a) In order to encourage initial sales, the manufacturer of a radar system offers a
‘buy now, pay later’ deal. The equipment would cost £240,000 if purchased
now, but the manufacturer is willing to accept instead a lump sum of £260,000
paid in three years’ time. What rate of interest is implied?

[15 Marks]

b) What is meant by the charging concept of ‘power by the hour’ and how would
it be applied in the context of the radar system in the above question.
[5 Marks]

c) Explain the concept of ‘internal rate of return’ (IRR).

[5 Marks]

3.
a) Suggest some reasons for making an investment appraisal in a marine
technology context.
[6 Marks]

b) With energy saving, reduced emissions and a desire for ‘greener’ ships in
mind, suggest some technical proposals you might wish to evaluate.
[7 Marks]

c) What are the key questions that a shipowner considering retrofitting a new
fuel saving device to a 10-year old ship might ask the manufacturer?
[8 Marks]

d) What do you see as the biggest uncertainties in the evaluation?

[4 Marks]
[End of Section A]
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Section B

4. Bryan Barras: Ship Squat and Interaction

a) Consider a vessel’s waterline Port & Starboard, extending from the Stern to
the Bow. Show the pressure bulbs around the vessel’s hull when she is
moving at forward speed.
Label the positive and negative bulbs.

[6 Marks]

b) In plan view, show how these pressure bulbs create interaction effects when:

a. Two vessels just approach each other in a meeting manoeuvre in a

narrow river.

b. One vessel fully overtakes and just leaves another vessel in a narrow
river manoeuvre.

Indicate possible Interaction effects and impacts of both manoeuvres

[6 Marks]

c) For a fully loaded condition, a vessel has a Cb of 0.750. When static, she is
on even keel. H/T = 1.10.
Estimate the maximum squat when this vessel is at a forward speed of 10
knots in part of a river, where the Blockage Factor is 0.175

[3 Marks]

d) Whereabouts along the ship’s length would this maximum squat be located?
Give two reasons for your final opinion

[3 Marks]

e) If the static underkeel clearance had been 1.262 m Even Keel, what would
have been the ship’s forward speed when this ship just went aground at the
Bow

[3 Marks]

f) List four procedures for reducing ship squat at the Stern or at the Bow

[4 Marks]

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5. Joanna Dormon: Maritime regulation and the work of the IMO

a) Fire regulations form an integral part of the SOLAS convention:

a. Briefly describe the major developments to fire regulations resulting

from the aftermath of the 1934 fire on the passenger ship Morro Castle

b. What additional requirements resulted from the 1990 fire onboard the
Scandinavian Star?
[8 Marks]

b) You are working as a policy manager for a maritime administration and are
approached by a ship designer who is working on the design of a 45m
passenger ferry. The present vessel design does not conform to some of the
load line requirements and the designer wishes to discuss how compliance
can be achieved by equivalent provisions. The operational routes of the
vessel are not fixed at this stage but the operator has provided a list of
potential routes around the west coast of Scotland. You may assume that the
vessel is required to have an International Load Line certificate.

i. What stakeholders might you involve in the assessment of the

designer’s request?

ii. Briefly describe the three different mechanisms available to the

administration to deal with vessels that cannot immediately
demonstrate full compliance with the Load Line requirements. In which
cases must notification be provided to the IMO?

iii. You decide to accept an equivalent provision with regards to the

minimum bow height of the vessel, suggest some conditions you might
impose on the operation of the vessel to ensure an equivalent level of
safety is maintained.

iv. Following your work on this vessel you identify a potential area of
improvement in the Load Line regulations for smaller vessels. How
would you go about raising this issue through the IMO?
[17 Marks]

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6. Helen Douglas: Cathodic Protection of Subsea Vehicles

a) Your company has just landed a large project to build and assemble a Subsea
Connection Management System (CMS) for a Tidal Turbine. The specification
is for a 25 year design life. The Managing Director asks you to provide him
with a plan as to how you can ensure the CMS cathodic protection system
design will meet this specification. Provide a detailed outline of how you will
deal with this problem and what resources are available to you?
[8 Marks]

b) Describe the variables that need to be taken into account for cathodic
protection of subsea structures. How do they interact and what is the overall
philosophy?
[10 Marks]

c) The end client is very cautious and would like to test the cathodic protection
for the subsea renewables device prior to deployment. Outline how you would
go about designing and testing the machine for the end client.
[7 Marks]

7. Simon Benson: Structural Response of Lightweight Vessels

a) List the comparative advantages and disadvantages of aluminium alloy as a

shipbuilding material compared to normal shipbuilding steel.
[8 Marks]

b) Discuss the ship types for which aluminium alloy has been employed as a
primary hull structure material. Include in your discussion the reasons why
aluminium is an appropriate material for these ships.
[8 Marks]

c) Describe the mechanisms of collapse which occur when a large ship (such as
a tanker) is placed under excessive longitudinal bending moment beyond its
ultimate capacity. Include in your answer a discussion of where maximum
loads will principally occur under vertical hog and sag bending moments. Also
indicate in which region of the hull girder the maximum bending moment
usually occurs.
[7 Marks]

d) List two calculation methods which are used to assess the ultimate strength of
a hull girder in primary bending?
[2 Marks]

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8. Laura Taylor: Dry docking

a) Describe the different types of dry dock.

[6 Marks]

b) Detail the different types of ship support arrangement used in a dock

[6 Marks]

c) Detail the information which should be shown on a docking plan.

[6 Marks]

d) A frigate is being docked in a graving dock. Work out the approximate suing
load using the values shown and the average pressure on keel. State
assumptions
[7 Marks]

LBP 125 metres

Beam 13.5 metres
Displacement 4,650 tonnes
Keel Width 0.75 metres
Draught FP 4.3 metres
Draught AP 5.0 metres
LCF 6.5 metres aft of midships
MCTC 140 tonne.metres
Aft Cut Up Location 4.2 metres forward of AP
Declivity of dock 0.4m per 100m, down to the aft end
Number of Dock Blocks 48
Dock Block Length 1.2m
Dock Block Width 1m

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 [MAR3027]

9. David Dobson: Aspects of FPSO Design and Operation

a) As part of a major investment decision process an international oil company is

considering two distinctly different approaches towards contracting a FPSO
for operation in the northern sector of the UKCS:

i. Purchasing an existing double skin tanker for conversion

ii. Leasing an existing FPSO vessel on a turnkey basis from an
International operator

The oil company has requested that you, as a consultant, carry out an initial
study on both options and then present your findings in a short report.

In order to carry out this task you will require some basic information from the
oil company. List what you consider to be the five most critical pieces of
information you require & indicate clearly why each is important to the study.

[7 Marks]

b) On the basis that the chosen option from the above study is to purchase an
existing double skin tanker for conversion, you are then asked to carry out a
technical risk assessment on the clients execution strategy with particular
emphasis on the following three aspects of the design

 Vessel type & configuration

 Mooring options
 Offloading of crude & stores replenishment of the FPSO

What specific issues would you be expecting to review in order to assist the
client in this next assessment phase?

[12 Marks]

c) A further technical study is awarded to you to advise the Oil Company on

specific aspects of the vessels design which they see as critical to enable safe
and efficient maintenance of the vessel whilst it is in operation.

Outline four aspects where you feel the Naval Architect or Marine Engineer
can influence the vessel layout & equipment at the design phase in order to
aid effective maintenance or cost efficient operations, clearly indicate why you
have chosen these aspects
[6 Marks]

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 [MAR3027]

10. Paul Sadler: The International Maritime Organization

a) Should the International Maritime Organization be where international

standards to regulate shipping are developed and agreed?
[13 Marks]

b) What challenges does the IMO face in delivering this remit and what
opportunities do you think it should take to make shipping safer, more secure
and less polluting?
[12 Marks]

[End of Paper]

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