fr | Questions & answers Eee ait ple it Drilling Engineering Section 2 WARNING SIGNS AND INDICATORS2. 5 Which of the following are indicators that a well might be goi (TWO ANSWERS) 1g under-balanced? a. Increase in the mud weight returning at surface. b, Increasing background gas levels c. A big increase in the pump pressure. ‘A change in the size and shape of the cuttings. e. A reduction in the drilling rate. IfWOR, RPM, and SPM are held constant, which of the following may be a warning of abnormal pressure? (THREE ANSWERS) Change of cuttings shape and size on the shakers b, Increase in pump pressure. Increase in penetration rate 4d Conneetion gas. €. Increase in Shale Density £. Increased trip tank level. Drilling ahead at constant rate of penetration (ROP). Shale Shakers cannot handle amount of cuttings returning in the mud What would be the safest course of action? a, Slow down the mud pump until the shakers can handle the amount of cuttings in the returns, b, Check for flow ~ if none, circulate bottoms up at a reduced rate so that shakers can handle cuttings volume, flow-check periodically during circulation ©. Check for flow ~ if none continue drilling at same ROP. dd. Check for flow ~ if none, then cor returns to bypass the shakers. jue at the same ROP, Allow half of the mud Which of the following is good practice when connection gas is observed? (TWO ANSWERS) 4. Control drilling rate so that only one stug of connection gas is in the hole at any one time. b, Pull out the hole to change the bit, ¢. Raise the mud viscosity Reduce mud viscosity to minimise swabbing during trips. €. Minimise the time during a connection when the pumps are switched off. Ifmud flows from the well with the pump off, but there is no gain when the pump is, running, what is the problem?a, Low mud weight inside the drill string. b. Mud hydrostatic pressure is greater than formation pressure c. Pump pressure is greater than mud hydrostatic pressure. d. Annular pressure loss is giving an overbalance against formation pressures. 6. While pulling out of the hole the nnd required to fill the hole is less than calculated, ‘What action should be taken? a, Pump remaining stands out of the hole. b. Flow check, ifnegative continue to pull out of the hole. . Shut the well in and circulate hole clean. d. Flow check, ifnegative run back to bottom and monitor returns. 7. While drilling, which of the following situations make kick detection with a P.V.T more difficult? a. Allowing mud to overflow the shakers. b. Reducing the pit level alarm settings from 10 bbls to 5 bbls. cc. Keeping active mud system transfers to a minimum when drilling ahead, By-passing the solids control pits. 8. After pulling 15 stands of pipe, the well has not taken the correct amount of mud. ‘The Driller takes a flow check, which is negative. What action should be taken? Run or strip back to bottom and circulate bottoms up. b, Continue pulling pipe from the hole because there was no flow. €. Shut the well in and check for pressures. . Pull another 15 stands and flow check 9, Whilst pulling out of the hole, the Driller observes that the hole is taking less than the calculated volume. Which is the safest action to follow? a. Flow check for at least 1S minutes. Ifthe well is static, continue pulling out of the hole slowly and carry out a flow check after every 15 stands pulled. b. Flow check for at least 15 minutes, If the well is static, continue pulling out of the hole slowly to prevent swabbing ©. Flow check, If the well is static, circulate bottoms up and observe returns for any swabbed fluids. If negative, continue pulling out of the hole slowly to avoid any further swabbing 4. Flow check. Ifthe well is static, run back to bottom, whilst monitoring the trip, tank. Circulate bottoms up and observe retums for any swabbed fluids. 10. What action should a Driller take after a drilling break,a. Reduce weight on bit. b. Circulate bottoms up. ©. Flow check 4d. Reduce pump speed. 11, Which of the following is positive indication that the well is flowing? a. Increase in torque b. Increase in flow returns ©. Decrease in pump pressure. d. Gas cut mud. 12. Which of the following are positive indications of a kick whilst drilling? (TWO ANSWERS) a. Increase in pit volume b. Increase in flow rate with constant spm. ©. Decrease in flow rate with constant spm. d. Decrease in pit volume. 13. Which of the following IS NOT an indicator of a kick whilst drilling? a. Pit gain. b. Decrease in pump strokes. €. Decrease in pump pressure d. Flow rate increase, 14. The following describes one of the differences between drilling with water based mud and oil based mud. Hydrocarbon gas is more soluble in water based mud than in oil based mud. a. False, b. True 15. The following describes one of the differences between drilling with water based mud and oil based mud. Hydrocarbon gas remains in solution longer in oil-based mud than in water-based mud when circulating up to surface. a. True, b. False. 16, The following describes one of the differences between drilling with water based mud ‘and oil based mud Gas is less soluble in water based mud than in oil based mud,a. True, b. False. 17. The following describes one of the differences between drilling with water based mud and oil based mud Gas entering the well bore whilst drilling with oil-based mud will reduce the hydrostatic, pressure more than it would when drilling with water-based mud, a, True, b. False. 18, The following describes one of the differences between drilling with water based mud and oil based mud. Whilst circulating out a kick, gas expansion occurs in the annulus at the same rate in oil and water-based nud, a, True, b. False. 19. The following describes one of the differences between drilling with water based mud and oil based mud Gas entering the well bore whilst drilling with water-based mud will reduce the hydrostatic pressure more than it would when drilling with oil-based mud. a, True, b. False. 20. The following describes one of the differences between drilling with water based mud and oil based mud Whilst circulating out a kick, gas expansion occurs in the annulus at a different rate in oil and water-based mud. a. True, b. False. 21, Which of the following causes of well kicks is totally avoidable and due to bad practice by the Driller? (Choose ONE answer) a. Gas cut mud. b. Not keeping hole full during a trip. c. Abnormal formation pressure. d. Reduction in mud hydrostatic due to lost circulation, 22. Which of the following could indicate that the well may be going under-balanced (Choose TWO answers) a. An increase in the size and amount of cuttings.b. An increase in the mud density returning at Shakers. c. Increase in background gas levels. d. A gradual reduction he drilling rate. e An increase in pump pressure. 23. Which of the following is not a kick waming sign ? (Choose ONE answer). a, Increase in pump pressure. b. Gas cut mud. ©. Flow rate increase, d. Connection gas. fe. Increase in mud temperature 24. Overpull (drag) while tripping is a stuck pipe warning sign. What problem may overpull result in, (Choose ONE answer). a Surging b. Swabbing ©. On-bottom kick d. Increase in bottom hole pressure 25, Whilst pulling out of the hole, the mud required to keep the hole full is less than calculated, What action should be taken? (Choose ONE answer) a, Flow check, if negative, continue to pull out of the hole b. Flow check, if negative, pump a heavy slug around BHA then continue to pull out of the hole ©. Shut the well in and circulate the hole through the choke. 4, Flow check, negative, run back to bottom and monitor returns, ¢. Pump remaining pipe out of the hole 26. Which of the following are warning signs that the well may be going underbalanced (Choose THREE answers) a. A reduction in the rate of penetration b. Increasing background gas levels.28. 29. 31 ©. Chi ge in the shape, size and volume of cuttings. d._ Increase in the flowline mud weight e An \crease in drag values. Which of the follow is not a kick warning sign? (Choose ONE answer). a. Decrease in pump strokes. b. Pit gain. c. Decrease in pump pressure d. Flow rate increase, Which of the following is the first indication that the well is flowing? (Choose ONE answer) a, Decrease in pump pressure b. Increase in rotary torque ©. Gas cut mud seen at the Shakers. d. Increase in mud returns from the well. ‘What should the Driller do at a drilling break? (Choose ONE answer). a. Stop drilling and flow check b. Stop drilling and circulate bottoms up. ©. Increase pump speed to keep hole clean. d. Reduce weight on bit and control drill Well flows when mud pump is shut off. No excess flow or pit gain when pumps are running. What is happening? (Choose ONE answer) a, Mud hydrostatic pressure exceeds formation fracture pressure, b, The mud pump is leaking, ©. Mud hydrostatic pressure is greater than formation pressure d. Annular friction losses are keeping enough overbalance to prevent the formation from flowing. What are the positive indicators of a kick seen by the Driller? (Choose TWO answers) a. Increase in flow rate (constant SPM). b. Decrease in pit volume (constant SPM).c. Decrease in flow rate (const d. Increase in pit volume (co 32. Which of the following actions will make it harder to detect a pit gain? (Choose ONE answer) a, Setting high/low alarms to #5 barrels, b. By passing the Shakers. ©. Allowing mud to overflow shakers. d. Keeping mud transfers to an imum while drilling ahead. Will a gas kick entering the hole always cause a pit level increase? (please tick in space provided), a, When using Water-based mud Tne Oo False b. When using Oil-based mud Etre O False 34. The following statements describe the difference in behaviour between drilling with Oil- based and Water-based mud. Indicate whether the statements are true or false (please tick in space provided) a, Gas kicks in Water-based mud are normally casier to detect due to lower gas solubility Tne O False b. Gas kicks in Water-based mud are normally harder to detect due to higher gas solubility O True I False Gas entering the Well bore while drilling with Oil-based mud will reduce the hydrostatic pressure more than when drilling with Water-based mud. O Tre B® False d. When circulating out a gas kick, gas expansion occurs in the Annulus at the same rate in Oil-based and Water-based mud, O True I False