I.

MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Choose the word whose underlined sound is different from that of the others.
1. A. creature B. meant C. stealth D. cleanse
2. A. pizza B. paparazzo C. fuzzy D. intermezzi
Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others.
3. A. con’stituency B. consti’tution C. pres’entiment D. sub’sidiary
4. A. ‘intimacy B. gre’garious C. ‘automobile D. ‘preferable
Choose the answer that best completes each of the sentences.
5. After discussing it with him for more than two hours, I finally brought him __ to our way of thinking.
A. round B. forward C. off D. through
6. So you want to be a writer? Well my advice is, don't give up the day ____.
A. situation B. work C. job D. place
7. Our firm is so successful because it is at the cutting ____ of computer technology.
A. limit B. verge C. fringe D. edge
8. Phillip made a ___ decision to start working harder at school and his grades improved dramatically.
A. critical B. conventional C. compulsory D. conscious
9. ___ the third or fourth time we had met, but he acted as if he’d never seen me before in his life!
A. It was B. There was C. There had been D. That wasn’t
10. On the night the accident occurred, James ___ a late flight from Heathrow; he must have fallen asleep at
the wheel while driving to the airport.
A. was going to catch B. had caught C. had been catching D. would catch
11. His personal problems seem _____________ him from his work lately.
A. to have distracted B. to distract
C. to have been distracting D. have been distracting
12. Much to my surprise, my teenage daughter was ______ to the idea of going out with me on Friday night
instead of with her friends.
A. contrite B. partisan C. deferential D. amenable
13. We saw designs by Karl Lagerfeld, Yves Saint Laurent, and Sonia Rykiel, ________.
A. you said it B. not to mention C. let alone D. to name but a few
14. A: - Sorry- I’ve spilled some wine. B: - _____________”
A. I should have forgiven you! B. My pleasure!
C. Never mind. These things happen! D. What’s up?
15. __________ imagined what would happen.
A. Not for one minute had they B. Never they had
C. No minute had they D. Not one minute had they
Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to the following one.
16. Jack bought that second-hand car and he then recognized that he shouldn't have done that.
A. Jack wished that he has not bought that second-hand car.
B. Jack regretted to have bought that second-hand car.
C. Jack wished that he didn't buy that second-hand car.
D. Jack regretted having bought that second-hand car.

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Choose the word that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined.
17. The new tax law is explicit; there can be no doubt that type of computer is tax-exempt.
A. clean-cut B. deficient C. equivocal D. definite
18. It has just crossed my mind that they might want to accompany us.
A. occurred to me B. made me anxious C. reminded me D. escaped my attention
Choose the word that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined.
19. She was struggling to organize her ideas into a coherent whole.
A. sticky B. well-connected C. rambling D. friendly
20. There was such a hue and cry about the new airport that all plans to build it have been shelved.
A. protest B. support C. disapproval D. opposition

II. CHOOSE the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction, then
CORRECT it.
1. Although the storm had passedA, the roads were still treacherousB becauseC it has been snowingD -> had
fallen all night.
2. Election returns came inA from upstate New York quite rapidB -> rapidly, but the results from New York
City were knownC even fasterD.
3. Vaccines typically requireA years of research and testB -> testing before reaching the clinic, but scientists
are racing to produceC a safe and effective coronavirus vaccine by next yearD.
4. The twinsA didn’t like living in the countryB becauseC it was too muchD quiet.
5. The mail which is markedA confidentiallyB -> confidential can be opened by nobody elseC butD the
commander-in-chief.

III. Fill in each gap with ONE suitable preposition/particle.

1. Union leaders have not ruled out the possibility of taking strike action.
2. A lesser known symptom of this condition is that you will suddenly have panic attacks and break _into_
cold sweats with little or no warning.
3. With regard to your request, I’m afraid there’s nothing I can do about it.
4. Surgeons operated on her last night; her condition is said to be satisfactory.
5. The villagers left their homes in the valley and moved to higher grounds as a precaution against flooding.
6. They will try to cure her of her alcoholism.
7. She hires and fires people at whim.
8. When you are in Holland, can you look around for a pair of wooden clogs for me, please?
9. I am in the dark as to where Chris was last night.
10. You've got cars on the brain. Can't we talk about something else for a change?

IV. Choose the words that best complete the blanks in the text
Verulamium has established (1) __ as one of the most popular museums of Roman Life in the country. (2)
___ it was redisplayed in 1991, the number of visitors has (3) ___ to 90,000 a year. The redisplay was the
first phase of a strategy to ensure that the Museum was in a fit state to (4) ___ the challenges of the new
century.

Key to this was the provision of the facilities which our visitors deserve; namely a new (5) ___ with
cloakrooms, a larger shop, a baby changing room, toilets, disabled facilities and a lift.
In addition, the Museum wants to develop new ways of (6) ___ visitors to access the collections, through
new (7) ___ and computer technology.

For the past four years, Museum (8) ___ have worked with architects and engineers to produce a solution.
The result is the Verulamium Project; an exciting new (9) ____ to extend the Museum, providing a new
entrance, improved displays and facilities. An artist’s impression of the new entrance can be (10) ____ by all
visitors.
1. A. oneself B. itself C. alone D. unique
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 2. A. For B. Since C. During D. While
3. A. lifted B. recreated C. been D. risen
4. A. argue B. face C. deal D. compete
5. A. opening B. window C. ceiling D. entrance
6. A. making B. enabling C. forcing D. suggesting
7. A. displays B. shelves C. windows D. cases
8. A. pupils B. tourists C. staff D. players
9. A. deal B. plan C. map D. instruction
10. A. explored B. proposed C. viewed D. visited
V. Fill in each of the gaps with ONE suitable word
Christmas Eve had been a very tiring day for all the Bensons, (1) _except_ Mr Benson. The head of the
house usually got off lightly (2) _at_ Christmas – lightly, that is, where personal effort was concerned. (3)
_Where_ money was involved, no; Mr Benson knew that Christmas was an expensive time of the (4)_year_.
And later, when he got out his cheque book to give his usual presents, the expense would (5) _be_ greater.
But he could afford this. He could afford it better (6) _that_ Christmas than at any other Christmas in the
history (7) _of_ his steadily increasing fortune. And he didn’t need to think, he didn’t have to choose. He just
(8) _had_ to look at a list and add one or two names, or remove one or two. There was something quite big
to leave (9) _out_ this year, though it didn’t show on the list or in his cheque book.
If he felt like it, he would add the amount so saved to his children’s cheques. Tim and Helen would
then think that he was even (10) more generous than he really was.

VI. Choose the item (A,B,C or D)that best answers each of the questions.
People have been donating blood since the early twentieth century to help accident victims and patients
undergoing surgical procedures. Usually a pint of whole blood is donated, and it is then divided into platelets,
white blood cells, and red blood cells. People can donate blood (for red blood cells) about once every two
months. [A]

Transfusing the blood from the donor to the recipient is straightforward. It involves taking the blood from a
donor’s arm vein by means of a hypodermic syringe. [B] The blood flows through a plastic tube to a collection
bag or bottle that contains sodium citrate, which prevents the blood from clotting.

When the blood is given to a patient, a plastic tube and hypodermic needle are connected to the recipient's
arm. [C] The blood flows down from the container by gravity. This is a slow process and may last as long as 2
hours to complete the infusion of blood into the recipient. The patient is protected from being infected during
the transfusion. [D] Only sterile containers, tubing, and needles are used, and this helps ensure that
transfused or stored blood is not exposed to disease causing bacteria.

Negative reactions to transfusions are not unusual. The recipient may suffer an allergic reaction or be
sensitive to donor leukocytes. Some may suffer from an undetected red cell incompatibility. Unexplained
reactions are also fairly common. Although they are rare, other causes of such negative reactions include
contaminated blood, air bubbles in the blood, overloading of the circulatory system through administration of
excess blood, or sensitivity to donor plasma or platelets.

Today, hospitals and blood banks go to great lengths to screen alt blood donors and their blood. All
donated blood is routinely and rigorously tested for diseases, such as HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis. When the
recipient is a newborn or an infant, the blood is usually irradiated to eliminate harmful elements. Donated
blood is washed, and the white blood cells and platelets removed.

Storing the blood sometimes requires a freezing process. To freeze the red blood cells, a glycerol solution is
added. To unfreeze the, the glycerolis removed. The ability to store blood for long periods has been a boon to
human health.
1. Which of the following words is CLOSEST in meaning to the word “donating” in line 1?
A. adorning B. giving C. taking D. distributing
2. The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to ___
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A. accident victims B. surgical procedures
C. a pint of whole blood D. surgery patients
3. According to the passage, how often can people donate blood for red blood cells?
A. Every four months B. Every three months
C. Every two months D. Every month
4. Where in the passage is the best place for the following sentence?
Inserting the needle into the recipient’s arm causes little pain.
A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D]
5. Which sentence in paragraph 2 explains how clotting is prevented in the blood container?
A. The first sentence B. The second sentence
C. The third sentence D. None of the above
6. All of the following are mentioned as potential negative reactions to transfusions EXCEPT:
A. allergies B. red-cell incompatibility
C. air bubbles in the blood D. sensitivity to donor leukocytes
7. Which of the following is CLOSEST in meaning to the word “undetected” in paragraph 4?
A. Not wanted B. Not captured C. Not found D. Not illustrated
8. Which of the following is CLOSEST in meaning to the phrase “go to great lengths” in paragraph 5?
A. go so far B. go further C. try very hard D. make much progress
9. Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about blood transfused to infants and
newborns?
A. It is as rigorously tested as blood adults. B. It is treated with radiant energy.
C. It is not treated differently from adults. D. It is not dangerous for children.
10. What does the author imply in the passage?
A. Transfusing blood is a dangerous process. B. Storing blood benefits mankind.
C. Clotting cannot be prevented. D. Freezing blood destroys platelets.

VII. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION:

1. Liam has decided not to go to football practice any more. GIVE
Liam has decided to give up going to football practice.
2.We're not going to have our car washed because it costs too much. AFFORD
We cannot afford to have our car washed.
3. According to the news, the president will make an announcement on air this afternoon. DUE
According to the news, the president is due to make an announcement on air this afternoon.
4. Damon looked so funny in his brother's tracksuit that we had to laugh. HELP
We could not help laughing at Damon because he looked so funny in his brother's tracksuit.
5. The workers only called off the strike after a new pay offer.
Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike

VIII. Provide the correct form of the words in the brackets

1. He was not killed in the accident, but unfortunately, he had to suffer from irreversible brain damage.
(REVERSE)
2. Renewed efforts are being made to improve the strained relationship between the two countries.
(RELATE)
3. Are you doing this on purpose just to infuriate me? (FURY)
4. Whatever had taken place in the banqueting hall after my departure, there was now a genuinely
celebratory atmosphere amongst the guests. (CELEBRATE)
5. Hand sanitizer is accused of including BBA, which can cause many health problems. (SANITARY)

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GUIDED CLOZE

1D 2C 3D 4A 5D 6A 7C 8C 9A 10D 11B 12A

WORD FORMATION

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25, unbearable
26, survival
27, dependent
28, observation
29, Reseachers
30, requirement
31, solution
32, creatures
33, considerable
34, somehow

OPEN CLOZE

13, If
14, so
15, having
16, taken
17, in
18, due
19, Despite
20, order
21, long
22, while
23, Unless
24, out

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REWRITE

35, so as not to get

36, taking we take part in
37, as though they had seen
38, being a heavy smoker
39, in case you get lost
40, time they pulled down
41, whether Vanessa spoke Spanish
42, could have been injured

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