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UNIT 7

LESSON 1
(c l a i m)
(r e p o r t)
(a d v i s e)
(d e n y)
(h o p e)
(a g r e e)
(e x p l a i n)
(t e a s e)

Erik: Did you hear that Jan has been fired? He doesn't work here any more.

Sasha: No, what happened?

Erik: Well, Lynne w (warned) him last month about his taking time off sick, and being late.
But he didn't come to work on Monday or Tuesday. When she asked him about it, he
am (admitted) that he hadn't been ill, he just couldn't be bothered to come to work.

Sasha: Oh no!

Erik: He p (promised) not to do it again, but it was too late. Yesterday morning, Lynne t
(told) Jan that he had to leave. Jan s (said) that he was really sorry, and asked for a
second chance. But Lynne r (replied) that he had already had a second chance. So he
packed up his things and left.

Sasha: Oh no, that's awful!

Example: Liam: 'I saw Sara at the station this morning.' (mention)

Liam mentioned that he had seen Sara at the station that morning.

Liam mentioned having seen Sara at the station that morning.

Hattie: 'The food is cold and too expensive.' (complain)

(Hattie complained about the food being cold and too expensive.)

(Hattie complained that the food was cold and too expensive.)

Zara: 'Shall we go for a coffee after the lecture?' (suggest) L (Zara suggested going for a
coffee after the lecture.)

(Zara suggested that we went for a coffee after the lecture.)

Brad: 'Julie has lost weight.' (remark)

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(Brad remarked on Julie's having lost weight.)

(Brad remarked that Julie had lost weight.)

Example: Liam: 'I saw Sara at the station this morning.' (mention)

Liam mentioned that he had seen Sara at the station that morning.

Liam mentioned having seen Sara at the station that morning.

Mr Lim: 'I stole the painting.' (confess)

(Mr Lim confessed to having stolen the painting.)

(Mr Lim confessed that he had stolen the painting.)

The marketing team: 'We should launch three new products next year.' (propose)

(The marketing team proposed launching three new products the following year.)

(The marketing team proposed that we should launch three new products the following year.)

Positive:
Negative:
Not assigned: greedy (Negative), clever (Positive), psychopathic (Negative), revengeful
(Negative), funny (Positive), focused (Positive), nasty (Negative), cruel (Negative), sinister
(Negative), jokey (Positive

The Joker is sometimes described as a(n) (homicidal) genius.

The villain of the book was horribly (disfigured) in a car accident.
I need to tell you about something I've done. Please don't get (angry) with me.
Sometimes Evan seems (manic). He rushes around non-stop, as fast as he can go.
I didn't like the character in this book. He was too (violent). Why did he have to hurt so many
people?
Jenna never stops thinking. She's so (calculating).
The villain in that film was so (scary)! I had nightmares for weeks after watching it!
Marianne seems calm most the time, but actually she has a real (wild) side.
That character is so (evil). All he wants to do is hurt people.
She may seem (silly), but actually she's planning some terrible crimes.

There's something odd about Marco. I find him a bit (creepy). (creep)
What I really enjoyed about this horror movie is that the main character was so (unpredictable).
You never knew what he would do next. (predict)
Chelsey has felt (resentful) towards me ever since I started going out with her ex-boyfriend.
(resent)
The villain in this book is really (sadistic). He enjoys seeing people suffer. (sadist)

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It is believed the criminal was (insane) when he committed the murder. (sanity)
Members of the public should not approach the man, who is armed and (dangerous). (danger)
There's no need to be so (secretive). I promise I won't tell anyone. (secret)
According to the book, the boy grew into a villain because he had an (unstable) childhood.
(stable)
That guy is (crazy)! I've never seen anyone get so angry! (craze)
Tom, stop breaking your brother's toys! Don't be so (spiteful)! (spite)

LESSON 2

The writer thinks female characters have changed a lot during the last few decades. (FALSE)
In the past, the clothes female characters wore were very realistic. (NOT GIVEN)
The Bechdel test is named after a cartoon character. (FALSE)
There is no test to measure whether men are fairly represented in film. (NOT GIVEN)
The female characters in Spectre all appear together in one scene. (FALSE)
The author suggests that there is little justification today for why women are not fairly portrayed
in film. (TRUE)

In the early days of cinema, heroines would have (loving) and obedient personalities.
The representation of women in films is getting (better).
To pass the Bechdel test, a conversation two female characters have should not be about
a (man).
The latest Hunger Games film (passes) the Bechdel test.
(More) books and films fail the Bechdel test each year than pass it.
Film experts today should be more (aware) of the problem of female representation in film.

I (used to) be very shy when I was young.

Every night after school, I (would) go swimming. I loved it!
My brother (didn't use to) like pizza when he was young.
When I was a teenager, I (used to) be overweight.
Every year for my birthday, my grandma (would) bake me a cake. It was always delicious.
At school, I (used to) be very good at maths.

(At my school, students would wear a uniform of a grey skirt and a blue jumper.)
(There didn't use to be cycle lanes in my city.)
(My sister used to be really cruel to me when we were little.)
(When I was a student, I would never eat anything for breakfast.)
(We used to go to the cinema every Saturday morning when I was young.)
(When my great-grandfather was a boy, he would walk 5km to school.)

Dean:Have you seen Michaela this morning?

Serena:Yes, I saw her first thing this morning. She didn't look well. She was pale and seemed
very tired.

Dean:Oh, she (might have gone) home then. (might, go)

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Serena:Well, she's not here now, so she (must have left). (must, leave) But she (can't have
told)Mr Hill, because he's looking for her. (not can, tell) He wants that sales report. It's due
today.

Dean:Oh, she (can't have emailed) it to him yet. (not can, email)

Serena:She (must have finished) it, though. (must, finish) She's been working on it for weeks
and she washere until 9pm last night finishing it.

Dean:That's probably why she felt so ill today!

Serena:I'll have a look on her desk. She (might have printed) it out already, to give to Mr Hill.
(might, print)

There are three police cars outside my office. (They might have found that murderer.)
I had to fire a member of staff yesterday. (That can't have been easy for you.)
I wore one brown shoe and one black shoe to an interview. That must have been
embarrassing!)
Tina and Barney are late. (They may have missed their train.)
I'm sure I saw a ghost last night. (You must have been terrified!)
I bought my girlfriend a diamond necklace for her birthday. (That can't have been cheap!)

(u n t h r e a t e n i n g)
(g e n t l e)
(s e x y)
(a g g r e s s i v e)
(l o v i n g)
(d a n g e r o u s)
(e x c i t i n g)
(i n n o c e n t)
(s e d u c t i v e)
(m a s c u l i n e)
(u n t r u s t w o r t h y)
(s w e e t)
(g o r g e o u s)

Isobel isn't scared of anything or anyone. She's so c (courageous).

I haven't heard Roxy talk about a boyfriend. I think she's u (unattached).
Lisbeth always speaks up if she disagrees with something. She's very f (feisty).
I've never heard Tanya criticise her husband. She's so l (loyal).
I don't think Bella will need any help. She's very c (capable).
Somehow, Camila always manages to get her way. She's very m (manipulative).
Patty was always such an o (obedient) girl. She always did what she was told.
The problem with action films is that many of the female characters are almost i (invisible).

Our most important trading (partner) has always been France.

As she sat on the river (bank), she wondered if she would ever see George again.
Lots of sick people come here on holiday as there are many natural hot-water (springs) in the
area.
That newspaper is the official (organ) of the ruling party.

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He slowly turned the key in the (lock), and the door swung open.
I don't like this flat at all. It doesn't have any (character).
The former teacher died aged 89. He was laid to (rest) on Monday.

They had arrested the wrong person. It was a (case) of mistaken identity.
Are you going to give the waitress a (tip)? She's worked really hard.
Jennifer was in a terrible (jam). She couldn't see a way to escape.
Toby is big and strong, but he's no (match) for Anne's speed and agility.
Since they won the lottery, they've lived in the (lap) of luxury.
Please wait in the (study). I'll come and find you there.
We've received a huge (volume) of complaints about sexism in this film.

LESSON 3

A biopic is a 'biographical (picture)' – a film about someone's life.

The film Ali was made in (2001).
It is unusual to find a biopic about an (unsung) hero.
The film Joy was made in (2015).
Joy Mangano advertised her new product on (TV).
There is a lot of (hope) in the film Joy.

Successful people are rarely featured in biopics. (FALSE)

Film-makers choose subjects that will make them a lot of money. (NOT GIVEN)
The speaker thinks that Joy is an unusual film. (TRUE)
Joy Mangano lost all the money she made. (FALSE)
Joy Mangano always dreamt of being a businesswoman. (NOT GIVEN)
The speaker believes everybody should watch Joy. (NOT GIVEN)

Leo: What do you think of this photo, Gemma?

Gemma: It's not my cup of tea, actually. It's too dark. The photographer seems to like taking
very dark

images, doesn't he?

Leo: Yes, it (does seem that way). But surely you're impressed by the locations. Look at
this one,

in the middle of nowhere. It (must have taken) some time and effort to travel there,

with all his cameras and equipment. It's so remote!

Gemma: Yeah, (I guess). But why have everything in black and white? It's so dreary!

Leo: I see your point. I think some of these photos (could work well) in colour too. But it
would

change the whole atmosphere, wouldn't it? (I'm pretty sure) the photographer wanted
to

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create a dark kind of atmosphere.

Gemma: Maybe, but I prefer something a bit more colourful and optimistic.

A: Could you help me paint my kitchen this weekend?

B: Sorry, no (way). I'm working at the café.

C: Jakob hasn't replied to any of my text messages.

D: I'm almost (positive) he's on holiday at the moment.

E: Do you want to see the da Vinci exhibition next month?

F: Oh yes, I (definitely) do!

G: I love this sofa!

H: Yes, but you ' (couldn't) have it in your flat. It's too big.

UNIT 8

LESSON 1
Since she goes swimming four times a week, (Mona is very fit.)
As a result of watching that hospital documentary, (I decided to become a doctor.)
I wanted to earn some extra money (so I took on a weekend job.)
Stella was so hungry that (she ate five sandwiches.)
I wanted to share my news with my friends, I (so I posted it on Facebook.)
It was such a huge discount (that I just had to buy it.)

As a (result) of diet and exercise, Pete has lost 20kg.

We decided to go to a restaurant for dinner (because) we were both too tired to cook.
Tom earns (so) much money that he bought his mum and dad a new house.
They had such a wonderful holiday in New Zealand (that) they’re going back next year.
I had been feeling unwell for a couple of weeks, (so) I decided to go to see the doctor.
(Since) I didn’t know her name, I introduced myself.

Stewart speaks three languages (because) he lives in the UK, his father is Mexican and his
mother is Italian.
(As) a result of years of hard work, Jeff passed all his exams.
I was (so) tired this morning that I fell asleep at my desk.
We had such a terrible meal (that) we complained to the manager.
I found the lecture really funny, (so) I burst out laughing.

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(Since) not everyone wants to join the gym for a year, you can also choose from monthly or
quarterly subscriptions.

(s a u n t e r)
(l i m p)
(s t r i d e)
(t i p t o e)
(s h u f f l e)
(m a r c h)
(s t r o l l)
(s t a g g e r)
(s t u m b l e)

Mavis (tiptoed) cautiously across the ice.

I was still feeling dizzy and I (staggered) unsteadily to the door.
The runner (limped) painfully off the track.
He (shuffled) nervously over to the young woman and introduced himself.
I knew Tony had something important to say when he (strode) purposefully into the room.
Sometimes it's nice to just (stroll) aimlessly around the park.

The soldiers (march) past the palace every day.

He (stumbled) over a rock and fell to his knees.
Don't you think Leo is overconfident? He (saunters) into the office as if he owns it.
You're (limping) badly. Have you hurt your foot?
Please can you (tiptoe) past the baby's bedroom so you don't wake her?

LESSON 2
Eighty-seven percent of Americans were born (in the USA).
The American Dream can become a reality based on (hard work).
Jan Koum moved to the USA (with his family).
Jerry Yang's father died when he was (two years old).
When he arrived in the USA, Jerry Yang had a (small) vocabulary in English.
Indra Nooyi got a night-time job with the purpose of (earning extra money).

Many immigrants (believe in) the American Dream.

Jam Koum's family (didn't have) enough money to eat properly.
(Facebook) owns WhatsApp.
Jerry Yang's family moved to the USA in order to have a (better) life.
Jerry Yang (studied) at Stanford University.
Indra Nooyi moved to the USA so as to become a (student).

We’re saving as much money as we can (in order to go on holiday in the summer.)
I’m leaving home now so (as not to miss the train.)
We are relocating with the purpose of (having a bigger office.)
I run three times a week (in order to stay fit.)

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I’m getting up early (to go swimming before work.)

The charity collects old clothes with the purpose of . (raising money for the homeless.)

We're opening 12 new shops next year (so) (as) (to) serve our customers better.
Robyn's booking her tickets (to) go on holiday.
I've booked my first lesson with the instructor (with) (the) (purpose) of learning to drive.
All the workers must wear helmets (so) (as) (to) protect them from injury.
I go to bed at 10.30pm (in) (order) (to) get enough sleep.
I'm learning Spanish (to) improve my career chances.

(Rachel can't stand being alone. She loves talking to people.)

(I handed in my notice and decided to go it alone.)
(I don't think I'm alone in feeling like I've been lied to.)
(I'm going to study alone all night to try to learn everything before the exam.)
(Sometimes, when I think about how hard I have to struggle to pay my bills, I feel so alone.)
(I enjoy being all alone because I can do what I want.)

LESSON 3

Harry last saw his identity card in his bag. (NO INFORMATION)
Harry needs to have his identity card in order to vote. (TRUE)
Harry does not have a passport. (FALSE)
Harry needs to show his identity card when he leaves
the UK. (FALSE)
It will cost a lot of money to replace the identity card. (NO INFORMATION)
The Hong Kong flag contains red and white. (TRUE)

Sharon thinks Harry looks (stressed).

Harry needs his identity card to vote in Hong Kong’s (elections).
Hong Kong’s chief executive is similar to a (prime minister) or president.
Despite the fact that Hong Kong is considered to be part of (China), it has its own flag.
There is a picture of a (flower) on the Hong Kong flag.
Sharon agrees to help Harry (look for) his identity card.

(Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for coming.)

(My presentation today is about our national health service, and about why I believe it should be
free for all citizens.)
(There are many reasons why I believe all citizens should have free access to healthcare. I will
outline three of them here: help for those on low incomes, contribution to the economy and a
happier society.)
(One of the main reasons why we should all have free healthcare is that not everyone can
afford to pay for expensive medicines and treatment.)
(As a result, people on low incomes could suffer or even die if they can't afford to pay for
treatment.)
(A second reason why we should all have free healthcare is that a healthy society is a more
productive society.)
(Healthy people work more and contribute more to the economy, and this is the reason why
many countries with healthy populations are also rich.)
(Finally, a third reason to have free healthcare for all is that it makes society more equal, and

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therefore happier.)
(And so in this short presentation I have suggested three reasons why healthcare should be
free to all. I believe healthcare is a basic human right and should be available to everyone, rich
or poor.)
(Thank you very much for your attention.)
(I'd be happy to answer questions.)

(In spite of the fact that we’re foreigners , our neighbours make us feel very welcome.)
(Although my grandparents are from Spain , I don’t speak Spanish.)
(Despite the fact that you lied to me , I’m going to give you another chance.)
(While it is true that Tim was once in prison , today he is a very trustworthy man.)
(Despite being very intelligent , Max decided not to go to university.)
(Even though I passed all my exams , I couldn’t find a good job.)

(Although) we're best friends, we don't always share all our secrets.
Despite the (fact) that the job pays more money, I still don't want to take it.
While it is (true) that I enjoy spending my money, I never get into debt.
In (spite) of running all the way to the train station, Tina still missed the train.
(Even) though I love chocolate, I can't eat more than a couple of pieces.
(Despite) being a bit lonely, Ryan is enjoying working overseas.
In (spite) of the fact that you're a good friend, I don't want to share my flat with you.

The name of the (Mayor) of London is Sadiq Khan.

The longest-reigning (monarch) in the world is the King of Thailand.
My country's (flag) is red, white and blue.
Do you know what her (nationality) is? Is she Brazilian?
In many countries, the prime minister is the leader of the (government).
In the UK, there are 650 members of (parliament).

How to become a representative

If you want to stand as a candidate in the local (election), you must have been a (resident) in
the country for at least five years. All (citizens) over the age of 18 are eligible to (vote) and to
stand as candidates, including (senior) citizens. If you would like to apply, please complete the
online application and send us proof of your identity, such as a (passport) or an identity (card).

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