Four

Systems
of

Our
Earth
 Composition of Earth
 Earth Has 4 main systems that interact:

Earth’s
systems

Atmosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere Geosphere

Air/gases water life land/rock

The Atmosphere– layer of gas that
surrounds Earth more commonly known
as “air”.
Atmosphere.
How do you know its there
 Is this “air” that surrounds us considered
matter? Does it weigh anything? How do you
know?
 Think about it and decide on an answer.
 Talk in groups with the person who sits by
you
 Be ready to tell the class what you decided
and why.
 Weight of the atmosphere
 Gases are in the
atmosphere.
 They are things we
learned about in the
periodic table:
Nitrogen, Oxygen,
Carbon Dioxide,
Hydrogen
 It is matter! Sound
can travel through it.
 Even though you can’t see
them, Atoms make up gases.
 Are some atoms bigger than others?
 Are their atomic weights all the same?
Helium vs. Carbon Dioxide
Do you think of helium
as light and floating or
heavy and falling?

Do you think about

Carbon Dioxide as light
and floating or heavy
and falling….think about
the gas released from
dry ice… does it go up
or down?
http://jp.youtube.com/watch?v=F239
 Composition of Earth
 Earth Has 4 main systems that interact:

 The Atmosphere
 Mostly Nitrogen and Oxygen

 Water vapor is responsible for clouds and

precipitation
 Has layers
 Protects us from meteors and comets, x-rays,
gamma rays, ultra violet light

 The Hydrosphere
 The Biosphere
 The Geosphere
Atmosphere

Exosphere--

Thermosphere--

Mesosphere--

Stratosphere--

Troposphere
Composition of Earth’s atmosphere
 Earth Has 4 main Exosphere
systems that interact:
 The Atmosphere
 layers
 Exosphere
 Thermosphere
 Mesosphere
 Stratosphere
 Troposphere
 The Hydrosphere
 The Biosphere
 The Geosphere
Composition of Earth’s atmosphere
 Earth Has 4 main systems
that interact: Exosphere
 The Atmosphere
 Troposphere
 Contains most clouds and
weather.
 Temperature cools as you go
higher50% of sun’s energy passes
through, 50% is reflected back.
 Most of the troposphere’s heat is
from Earth (convection)
 Stratosphere
 Mesosphere
 Thermosphere
 The Hydrosphere
 The Biosphere
 The Geosphere
Atmosphere

Exosphere--

Thermosphere--

Mesosphere--

Stratosphere--

Contains most clouds and weather.

Troposphere-- Temperature cools as you go higher50% of sun’s energy
passes through, 50% is reflected back.
Most of the troposphere’s heat is from Earth (convection)
Troposphere and Clouds
 Among other gases there is water vapor in
the troposphere.
 Clouds—form when air rises, cools to its dew
point, and becomes saturated (moist).
Water Vapor Demonstration
Water Cycle Demo
 Precipitation-fallingwater in
the form of rain, freezing
rain, sleet, snow, or hail
Section 2: Earth’s Weather
Troposphere
 Weather—the atmosphere’s condition in
terms of temperature, cloud cover, wind
speed and direction, humidity, and air
pressure.
 What are different types of weather?
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Section 2: Earth’s Weather
Troposphere
 Temperature—a measure of how fast air
molecules are moving.
 When molecules are moving rapidly,
temperature is high.
 Celsius and Fahrenheit thermometers measure
air temperature.
Section 2: Earth’s Weather
Troposphere
 What is the temperature like today?
 Hot/ Cold ______________________
 Degrees Fahrenheit_______________
 Degrees Celsius _________________
Section 2: Earth’s Weather
Troposphere
 Energy is transferred between fast-moving
molecules and slower-moving molecules.
 Conduction—transfer of energy when molecules collide.
 Give an example of something heating up due to
conduction:
__________________________________
 Convection occurs when warm air rises and cool air sinks.
 Give an example of something heating up due to
convection:
___________________________________
Section 2: Earth’s Weather
Troposphere
 Air pressure— air weight that varies over
Earth’s surface.
 Warmer air is less dense and exerts less
pressure.
 Cooler air is more dense and exerts more
pressure.
Air Pressure Demonstration—
Write about what you learned
 Humidity— the amount of water vapor in
the air
 Temperature affects how much moisture is
in the air.
 Dewpoint—when the air is holding as much
water vapor as it can
 Relative humidity— a measure of the
amount of water vapor present compared to
the amount that could be held at a specific
temperature.
THAT WAS ALL ABOUT THE
TROPOSPHERE!!!
 Lets cover the
other layers
briefly. Atmosphere

 Go back up to
Exosphere--

the graphic
organizer at the Thermosphere--

top of your notes Mesosphere--

and fill in info

about each layer. Stratosphere--

Troposphere
Composition of Earth’s atmosphere
 Earth Has 4 main
systems that interact:
 The Atmosphere
 Troposphere
 Stratosphere
 10 km to 50 km
 contains ozone that absorbs
much of the Sun’s ultraviolet
radiation.
 Gets warmer as you go up.
 Mesosphere
 Thermosphere
 The Hydrosphere
 The Biosphere
 The Geosphere
Atmosphere

Exosphere--

Thermosphere--

Mesosphere-

Stratosphere--10 km to 50 km , contains ozone that

absorbs much of the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation. , Gets
warmer as you go up.

Troposphere--Contains most clouds and weather. Most

of the troposphere’s heat is from Earth Temperature cools
about 6.5 degrees Celsius per kilometer of altitude.
Composition of Earth’s atmosphere
 Earth Has 4 main
systems that interact:
 The Atmosphere
 Troposphere
 Stratosphere
 Mesosphere
 50-85 km
 The coldest part of the
atmosphere. It can get down
to -90°C in the mesosphere.
 Thermosphere
 The Hydrosphere
 The Biosphere
 The Geosphere
Atmosphere

Exosphere--

Thermosphere--

Mesosphere- 50-85 km, The coldest part of the

atmosphere. It can get down to -90°C in the mesosphere. -

Stratosphere--10 km to 50 km , contains ozone that

absorbs much of the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation. , Gets
warmer as you go up.

Troposphere--Contains most clouds and weather. Most

of the troposphere’s heat is from Earth Temperature cools
about 6.5 degrees Celsius per kilometer of altitude.
Composition of
Earth’s atmosphere
 Earth Has 4 main systems that
interact:
 The Atmosphere
 Troposphere
 Stratosphere
 Mesosphere
 Thermosphere
 80-500 km
 Temperatures increase up to 1,700°C
 Filters out x-rays and gamma rays
from the sun.
 This is an image of the space shuttle
as it is orbiting around the Earth. The
space shuttle orbits in the
thermosphere of the Earth.

 The Hydrosphere
 The Biosphere
 The Geosphere
Atmosphere

Exosphere--

Thermosphere-- 80-500 km, Temperatures increase up to

1,700°C, Filters out x-rays and gamma rays from the sun. , This is an
image of the space shuttle as it is orbiting around the Earth. The space
shuttle orbits in the thermosphere of the Earth.

Mesosphere--The temperature drops when you go higher, like

it does in the troposphere. Coldest part of the atmosphere

Stratosphere--from 10 km to 50 km above Earth’s

surface, this layer contains ozone that absorbs much of the
Sun’s ultraviolet radiation.

Troposphere--Contains most clouds and weather., Most of the

troposphere’s heat is from Earth, Temperature cools about 6.5 degrees
Celsius per kilometer of altitude.
Exosphere
 The last layer of the atmosphere
 Difficult to tell where it stops and space
begins
 Very few atoms in this layer of the
atmosphere
Atmosphere

Exosphere--The last layer of the atmosphere, Difficult to

tell where it stops and space begins, Very few atoms in this
layer of the atmosphere

Thermosphere-- The air is really thin that high up. The

temperature changes with the solar activity. If the sun is active,
temperatures in the thermosphere can get up to 1,500°C or higher!

Mesosphere--The temperature drops when you go higher, like

it does in the troposphere. Coldest part of the atmosphere

Stratosphere--from 10 km to 50 km above Earth’s

surface, this layer contains ozone that absorbs much of the
Sun’s ultraviolet radiation.

Troposphere--Contains most clouds and weather., Most

of the troposphere’s heat is from Earth, Temperature cools
about 6.5 degrees Celsius per kilometer of altitude.
Ionosphere
 Within the mesosphere and thermosphere is
a layer of electrically charged particles. This
layer allows radio waves to travel across the
country to another city.

 www.blo ust.com/henley