MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE ON ORGANIC FARMING

JAIVA KRISHI: ARIVUM PADANAVUM

FIRST YEAR (2020-21)

PROJECT REPORT
Submitted to the Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of

Bachelor Degree in Commerce

By
Daniel Regi Varghese
Roll No: 200021064520

Under the supervision and guidance of

Mrs. Resmi G Nair
Assistant Professor
Department of Commerce, Computer Application
Saintgits College of Applied Sciences
Pathamuttom
 Saintgits College of Applied Sciences, Pathamuttom
Kottayam, Kerala

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the first-year project entitled "MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE ON
ORGANIC FARMING JAIVA KRISHI: ARIVUM PADANAVUM" submitted in partial fulfilment
for the award of the Bachelor Degree in Commerce, Computer Application, Mahatma
Gandhi University, Kottayam contains the result of Bonafide project work conducted by
Daniel Regi Varghese under my supervision. No part of the work embodied in this project
has been submitted earlier for the award of any Degree or Diploma.

Mr. Anish B Bhaskaran Mrs. Resmi G Nair

Head of the Department Mentor & Assistant Professor

Department of Commerce (CA)

 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work presented in this first year project
report entitled "MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE ON ORGANIC
FARMING JAIVA KRISHI: ARIVUM PADANAVUM" is based on the
original work carried out by me in my home, under the mentorship
of Mrs. Resmi G Nair , Assistant professor, Department of
Commerce, Computer Application, Saintgits College of Applied
Sciences, Pathamuttom. No part of this work has been submitted
elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma.

Daniel Regi Varghese

 Chapter-1
Introduction
Organic farming is an agricultural strategy that emphasizes
crop rotation and companion planting while utilizing organic
fertilizers such as compost manure, green manure, and bone
meal. It began in the early twentieth century as a reaction to
rapidly changing agricultural techniques. Globally, certified
organic agriculture covers 70 million hectares, with Australia
accounting for more than half of that total. Various
organizations are still working to improve organic farming
today. Biological pest control, mixed cropping, and insect
predator breeding are all encouraged. Organic guidelines are
intended to allow the use of naturally occurring compounds
while forbidding or severely restricting the use of synthetics.
Natural insecticides like pyrethrin and rotenone, for example,
are permissible, whereas synthetic fertilizers and pesticides
are often prohibited.
Many countries define and enforce organic agronomic
practices, based in part on the guidelines published by the
Worldwide Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements
(IFOAM), an international apex body for organic farming
associations founded in 1972.

"An integrated farming system that strives for sustainability,

the enhancement of soil fertility, and biological diversity
while prohibiting synthetic pesticides, antibiotics, phosphate
fertilizer, genetically modified organisms, and growth
hormones, with rare exceptions," according to the Organic
Agriculture Society.

The organic food as well as other product category has risen

fast since 1990, reaching $63 billion in 2012. This demand has
culminated in a significant growth of organically managed
agriculture, which rose at an annual compounded rate of
8.9% from 2001 to 2011. Organic farming covered around
72,300,000 hectares (179,000,000 acres) of global farmland
in 2019, accounting for about 1.5 percent of total global
agriculture.

Agriculture has been performed without the use of artificial

chemicals for thousands of years. Artificial fertilizers were
invented in the mid-nineteenth century. These early
fertilizers were inexpensive, effective, and easy to transport
in large quantities. In the 1940s, similar advancements in
chemical pesticides occurred, earning the decade the
moniker "pesticide age."

Albert Howard, the originator and forerunner of the organic

movement, and his wife Gabrielle Howard, both excellent
botanists, created the Institute of Plant Industry in India in
1921 to enhance conventional agricultural practices. Rudolf
Steiner offered an eight-part lecture series on agriculture in
1924, focusing on the moon, planets, non-physical entities,
and elemental forces.

Ehrenfried Pfeiffer, the author of the standard text on

biodynamic agriculture, visited the United Kingdom in July
1939 at the request of Walter James, 4th Baron Northbourne,
to speak at the Betteshanger Summer School and Conference
on Biodynamic Farming, held at Northbourne's property in
Kent. Howard's An Agricultural Testament was released in
1940. He used Northbourne's phrase of "organic farming" in
this work. For his efforts in bringing scientific knowledge and
principles to diverse traditional and natural practices,
Howard became regarded as the "father of organic farming."
 Chapter-2 Seeds
Place of College: Pathamuttom
Place of Student: Azhiyidathuchira , Thiruvalla

For the MOOC Organic Farming I have selected a

variety of crops that includes Red Spinach, Taro,
Yardlong bean and Green Chilli.

• Red Spinach: Amaranth Dubius is the scientific

name for red spinach, a kind of green vegetable. It
belongs to the Amaranthus Genus family and is
distinguished by its rich scarlet color.

• Taro: Colocasia esculenta is a tropical plant grown

primarily for its edible corms, a root vegetable
most commonly known as taro.

• Yardlong bean: The asparagus bean, like the green

bean, is a legume grown for its appetizing green
pods carrying immature seeds.
 • Green Chilli: They are pungency-enhancing
cultivars of the berry-fruit of plants in the genus
Capsicum, which belong to the nightshade family
Solanaceae. Chili peppers are frequently used as a
spice to impart "heat" to foods in various cultures.

I collected the seeds of these crops from my local Krishi

Bhavan Office. The crops were cultivated in my home
on a 2-cent land.

Chapter-3
Data and Observation
Table 1:
Crops Growth(%)
Red Spinach 85-90%
Taro 90%
Yardlong Bean 75-80%
Green Chilli 55-60%

Table 2:
Crops Length
15 30 45 60 75 90 105
days days days days days days days
Red 5 9 13 21 28 32 39
Spinach
Taro 8 17 28 42 59 68 86
Yardlong 6 11 15 22 28 33 37
Bean
Green 10 15 28 35 42 52 65
Chilli

Table 3:
Crops No: of Braches
15 30 45 60 75 90 105
days days days days days days days
Red 1 1 1 2 2 3 3
Spinach
Taro 1 2 2 2 3 3 4
Yardlong 0 1 2 4 5 7 9
Bean
Green 1 2 2 4 5 6 6
Chilli
 Crops Date of Flowering
Red Spinach 57th day
Taro 54th day
Yardlong Bean 32th day
Green Chilli 56th day
Table 4:

Table 5:
Crops Date of Yield
Red Spinach 57th day
Taro 54th day
Yardlong Bean 35th day
Green Chilli 56th day

Crops Date of Harvest

Red Spinach 60th day
Taro 65th day
Yardlong Bean 45th day
Green Chilli 60th day
Table 6:

Crops Quantity of Crops

Red Spinach 150 g
Taro 200 g
Yardlong Bean 150 g
Green Chilli 100 g
Table 7:

Crops Quantity of Harvest

Red Spinach 0.75 kg
Taro 1.5 kg
Yardlong Bean 0.75 kg
Green Chilli 0.50 kg
Table 8:

Chapter-4
 Images

Chapter–5
 Conclusion
It is very important to promote organic farming
especially in this era where there is no measure to the
amount of pesticides used. If the households does not
adopt organic farming especially in a consumer
oriented state like Kerala then there will be a lot of
issues like Food-Chain supply shortage, Health
Problems, Increased Cost of Living etc. Organic Farming
is the key to an efficient and effective future.