AT1-CLJ4 Jose federico DG.

Aniceto BSCRIM lll-2

1. What are the crimes against national security and the law of nations?
Crimes are classified into crimes against national security such as treason, espionage and piracy, crimes
against the fundamental laws of the state rebellion, coup d'état, sedition and public disorders, crimes
against public interest counterfeiting of currency, falsification of public documents.

2. Are crimes against national security can be committed in times of war? Are there exceptions?

• Espionage article 117 RPC

• Inciting to war giving motive respiral Article 118 RPC

• Violition of neutrality Article 119 RPC

• Mutiny and Piracy Article 122 RPC

3. Distinguish treason from allegiance.

Treason - against the United States, shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to
their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort.

Allegiance - is the obligation to fidelity and obedience which the individual owes to the government
under which he lives, or to his sovereign, in return for the protection which he receives.

4. What are the two (2) kinds of allegiance? Explain each.

Permanent - a citizen obligation of fidelity and obedience to his government or sovereign.

Temporary - Allegiance which a foreigner owes to the government or sovereign of the territory whre he
resides so long as remain there, in return for protection he receive and consists of the obedience to the
law of government and sovereig.

5. What are the elements of Treason?

1. That the offender is citizen filipino or an alien residing in the philippines

2. that there is war in which philippines is involved.

3. That the offender either

• leviest war against of the government

• adherse to the enemies giving them aid or comport

6. What are the modes of committing Treason? Explain each.

• Levying war against the government

• Adhering to the enemies giving them aid or comport

7. How Treason may be proved?

Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their
enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony
of two witnesses to the same overt act or on confession in open court.

8. What is the Two Witness Rule? Explain.

Although appellant’s treasonous activities were seen by several witnesses on different occasions,
conviction will not lie where no single or particular act or activity was testified to by two witnesses as
having been performed by the appellant on the same occasion.

9. What are the elements of conspiracy to commit treason?

conspiracy occurs when two or more people agree to commit an illegal act and take some step toward
its completion. Conspiracy is an inchoate crime because it does not require that the illegal act actually
have been completed. For instance, a group of individuals can be convicted of conspiracy to commit
burglary even if the actual burglary never happens.

10. What are the elements of proposal to commit treason?

The conspiracy or proposal to commit the crime of treason shall be punished respectively, by prision
mayor and a fine not exceeding P10,000 pesos, and prision correccional and a fine not exceeding P5,000
pesos.

11. What are the elements of misprision of treason?

Every person owing allegiance to the United States the Government of the Philippine Islands, without
being a foreigner, and having knowledge of any conspiracy against them, who conceals or does not
disclose and make known the same, as soon as possible to the governor or fiscal of the province, or the
mayor or fiscal of the city in which he resides, as the case may be, shall be punished as an accessory to
the crime of treason.

12. What is espionage? What are the elements?

Espionage. - The penalty of prision correccional shall be inflicted upon any person who:

1. Without authority therefor, enters a warship, fort, or naval or military establishment or reservation to
obtain any information, plans, photographs, or other data of a confidential nature relative to the
defense of the Philippine Archipelago; or

2. Being in possession, by reason of the public office he holds, of the articles, data, or information
referred to in the preceding paragraph, discloses their contents to a representative of a foreign nation.

13. What are the ways of committing espionage?

A person who commits espionage is called an espionage agent or spy. Any individual or spy ring (a
cooperating group of spies), in the service of a government, company, criminal organization, or
independent operation, can commit espionage

14. Distinguish espionage from treason.

Espionage - The practice or employment of spies; the practice of watching the words and conduct of
others, to make discoveries, as spies or secret emissaries; secret watching.

Treason - is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes
acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government,
spying on its military, its diplomats, or its secret services for a hostile and foreign power, or attempting
to kill its head of state.

15. What are the elements of inciting to war or giving motives for reprisals?
The penalty of reclusion temporal shall be imposed upon any public officer or employee, and that of
prision mayor upon any private individual, who, by unlawful or unauthorized acts provokes or gives
occasion for a war involving or liable to involve the Philippine Islands or exposes Filipino citizens to
reprisals on their persons or property.

16. What are the elements of violation of neutrality?

The penalty of prision correccional shall be inflicted upon anyone who, on the occasion of a war in
which the Government is not involved, violates any regulation issued by competent authority for the
purpose of enforcing neutrality.

17. What are the elements of correspondence with hostile country?

Correspondence with hostile country. - Any person who in time of war, shall have correspondence with
an enemy country or territory occupied by enemy troops shall be punished

18. What are the elements of flight to enemy country?

The penalty of arresto mayor shall be inflicted upon any person who, owing allegiance to the
Government, attempts to flee or go to an enemy country when prohibited by competent authority.

19. What is piracy? What is qualified piracy?

The penalty of reclusion temporal to death shall be imposed upon those who commit any of the crimes
referred to in the preceding article, under any of the following circumstances:

20. What are the modes of committing piracy?

• any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by the
crew or the passengers of a private boat, ship or a private aircraft, and directed
• any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a boat, ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of
facts making it a pirate boat, ship or aircraft;

• any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in subparagraph

21. What are the elements of piracy?

• Whenever they have seized a vessel by boarding or firing upon the same;

• Whenever the pirates have abandoned their victims without means of saving themselves; or

• Whenever the crime is accompanied by murder, homicide, physical injuries or rape.

22. Distinguish piracy from mutiny.

Mutiny is like what the jews did to América ;relentlessly infiltrating into government and dictating policy
favorable to their ilk.

Piracy is when poorer countries copy shit by reverse engineering to avoid paying royalties for
intellectual property and I don't blame them cos the rich, with their battery of lawyers seek to bloodsuck
them thus preventing them to ever reach parity. Intellectual property was meant to be free unto all as
education but perverse fucks decided they could make bucks by selling or trading and whole business of
grift is built around that.