PROF.

ARCE FLORES
 HISTORY

In Greek Mythology, PROMETHEUS was

bestowed with godlike powers when he stole the
god’s fire to give it to humanity.
MARCUS LICINIUS CRASSUS
- Richest man in Rome
- Biggest property owner in Rome
1ST FIREFIGHTERS?

ROMAN VIGILES
IMPORTANT
PERSONALITIES

1. JOHN WALKER
English Pharmacist who invented
the first match in 1872, the tip of
his match was coated a mixture
sulfide and potassium chlorate
that was held on the wooden
matchstick by gym Arabic and
Starch.
2. ANTOINE LAVOISIER
French Chemist who proved in 1777
that burning is the result of the
rapid union of oxygen with other
substances. As substances burn,
heat and light are produced.
 3. THOMAS ALVA EDISON
American inventor who was able
to send an electric current
through a carbon filament (wire)
until the filament become so hot
that it gave off light.
• Activeprinciple of burning, characterized by the heat
and light of combustion. (PD 1185)

• The rapid oxidation of combustible material in a

exothermic chemical process of combustion releasing
heat, light and various reaction products.
- it states the elements necessary to produce
fire
• FUEL (reducing agent/combustible material)
 Combustible materials to vaporize and burn
anything that will burn when heated with
sufficient oxygen
Most important element of fire
GENERAL CATEROGIES OF FUEL
The Solid Fuels
• Types of Flammable solids

Pyrolyzable solid fuels – include many of the

ordinary accepted combustibles: wood, paper and so
on.
Non-pyrolyzable solid fuels – solid fuels that are
difficult to ignite. A common example is charcoal.
LIQUID FUELS

• Flammable liquids– they are liquids having a flash

point of BELOW 37.8 C (100F)

• Combustible Liquids
– these liquids have flash point
AT OR ABOVE 37.8 C (100F).
 GASES
Physical Properties
COMPRESSED LIQUEFIED CRYOGENIC
GAS GAS GAS
Solely gaseous Partly gas and Remains as
state in its partly liquid liquefied gas in
container inside its its container at
container temperature
far below
normal temp.
• OXYGEN (oxidizing agent)
Colorless, odorless, tasteless, gaseous chemical element,
the most abundant of all elements: it occurs free in the
atmosphere
aids in combustion; comes from the atmosphere we breath;
the atmosphere contains:
21% - OXYGEN
78% - NITROGEN
1% - IMPURITY
• HEAT (energy)
to raise the temperature of the fuel vapor to its
ignition temperature
source of ignition
Form of energy measured in degree of
temperature, a product of combustion that
causes the spread of fire
METHODS OF HEAT
TRANSFER
RADIATION
Latent heat
- is the quantity of heat absorbed by
a substance from a solid to a liquid
and from a liquid to gas. Conversely,
heat is released during conversion of
a gas to liquid or liquid to a solid.
CHANGES OF STATE
What is the indicator of heat and
measures the warmth or coldness
of an object?

TEMPERATURE
 FIRE TETRAHEDRON
It is a four-sided geometric
representation of the four factors
necessary for fire; fuel, heat, oxygen
and chemical chain reaction.

Chain reaction is a series of

reactions that occur in sequence
with the results of each element
reacting to each other.