BASIC FINANCE PRODUCTIVITY

FOR NON FINANCE ACADEMY

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 1

Outline
Financial Analysis

Cost Behavior

Budgeting

Cost Control

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 2

1
ACCOUNTING

“Accounting is a service activity, its function is to provide quantitative

information, primarily financial in nature, about economic entities that is intended
to be useful in making economic decisions, in making reasoned choices among
alternative course of action”.

Akuntansi adalah suatu sistem informasi keuangan yang bertujuan untuk

menghasilkan dan melaporkan informasi yang relevan bagi berbagai pihak yang
berkepentingan.

Sumber : IAI, akuntansi keunagan berdasarkan SAK berbasis IFRS

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 3

Accounting Process

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 4

2
Pengakuan
Pengukuran
Penyajian
Pengungkapan

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 5

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 6

3
❖ Balance sheet => Laporan posisi keuangan yang meliputi sumber daya
ekonomi dan sumber dana perusahaan pada periode waktu tertentu
❖ Profit & Loss => Laporan kinerja perusahaan selama satu periode tahun
buku
❖ Shareholder’s Equity => Laporan perubahan modal yang meliputi modal,
laba di tahan periode tertentu
❖ Cashflow Statement => Laporan arus kas masuk dan keluar selama periode
tertentu berdasarkan aktifitas operasional, investasi, dan pendanaan

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 7

USER OF AIS
EXTERNAL USER
INTERNAL USER

• Owner • Government
• Top • Investor
Management • Creditor
• Employee • Customer
• Vendor
• Others

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 8

4
 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

Agency Theory

Shareholders Shareholders (Pemegang saham) sebagai pemilik

melakukan penilaian kinerja top management
(dewan direksi) atas mandat yang dipercayakan.

Top management (dewan direksi) bertugas

mengoptimalkan tingkat pengembalian
pemegang saham dengan profitability.
Top
Management
Ukuran kinerja :
Balanced Scorecard
Analisa Laporan Keuangan

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 9

FINANCIAL REPORT
Balance Sheet 2002 Income Statement 2002
Asset Sales 2.311.000
Current Asset Cost of Goods Sold 1.344.000
Cash 84.000 Gross Margin 967.000
Receivable 165.000 S&GA 276.000
Inventory 393.000 EBIT 691.000
Total Current Asset 642.000 Interest 141.000
Fixed Assets Tax 187.000
Net Plant & Equipment 1.295.000 Net Income 363.000
Total Assets 1.937.000
Liabilities & Owner's Equity
Current Liabilities
Payable 312.000
Notes Payable 231.000
Total Current Liabilities 543.000
Long-term debt 531.000
Owner's Equity
Stock 500.000
Retained Earning 363.000
Total Owner's Equity 863.000
Total Liabilities and Owner's Equity 1.937.000

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 10

5
 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Analisa Ratio
Liquidity ratio :
Current ratio : Current Asset / Current Liabilities
Cash ratio : Cash / Current Liabilities
Quick ratio : Current Asset – Inventory / Current Liabilities

Solvability ratio :
Total Debt ratio : Total Liabilities / Total Asset
Debt Equity ratio : Total Long Term Debt / Total Equity

Profitability ratio :
Profit Margin : Net Income / Sales
Return on Asset (ROA) : Net Income / Total Asset
Return on Equity (ROE) : Net Income / Total Equity

Asset Management
Receivable Turnover : Sales / Accounts Receivable
DSO : 365 days / Receivable turnover
Inventory Turnover : Cost of Goods Sold / Inventory
DIO : 365 days / Inventory turnover
Payable Turnover : Purchased Credit / Average Trade Payable
DPO : 365 days / Payable turnover

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 11

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 12

6
 Sumber Daya / Kekayaan

Sumber Dana (Pihak ketiga &

Modal)

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 13

Financial Health

Balance Sheet 2002

Asset
Current Asset
Cash 84.000
Receivable 165.000
Inventory 393.000
Total Current Asset 642.000
Fixed Assets
Net Plant & Equipment 1.295.000
Total Assets 1.937.000
Liabilities & Owner's Equity
Current Liabilities
Payable 312.000
Notes Payable 231.000
Total Current Liabilities 543.000
Long-term debt 531.000
Owner's Equity
Stock 500.000
Retained Earning 363.000
Total Owner's Equity 863.000
Total Liabilities and Owner's Equity 1.937.000

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 14

7
COST BEHAVIOR
Material

Product Direct Manufacturing Cost

Cost Labor

Overhead
Cost

Selling
Period Cost
Adm

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 15

COST BEHAVIOR
Biaya Tetap
Biaya secara total tidak berubah (konstan), tidak terpengaruh dari aktifitas.
Contoh : Biaya penyusutan

Biaya Variable
Biaya secara total berubah seiring perubahan aktifitas.
Contoh : Biaya bahan baku

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 16

8
BUDGETING

Karakteristik Anggaran :
1) Mengestimasi potensi laba
perusahaan.
2) Dijabarkan dalam bentuk moneter.
3) Jangka waktu 1 tahun.
4) Komitmen Manajemen.

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 17

BUDGETING CON’T

FUNGSI :
Kegiatan perusahaan yang dijabarkan dalam angka-angka keuangan dan guideline
dalam perencanaan & pengendalian laba.

KONSEP PENYUSUNAN :
Secara alur ada 2 cara, Top to Bottom dan Bottom to Top

Top to Bottom => Top management menentukan besaran budget setiap departemen
berdasarkan data historis.

Bottom to Top => Tiap departemen menyusun budget secara detail berdasarkan rencana
aktifitas.

Timeline Budget => Kerangka waktu penyusunan & review budget.

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 18

9
MASTER BUDGET

• Volume
1 Anggaran • Target Penjualan
Penjualan

• Bahan baku
2 • Tenaga kerja
Anggaran
Produksi • Overhead

• Mesin, Mold
3
Anggaran • Tooling, Jig, dll
CAPEX

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 19

MASTER BUDGET

4 • Biaya Pemasaran
Anggaran • Biaya Administrasi
S&GA

• Gross Margin
5 • EBITDA, Tax
Anggaran
Laba • Net Profit

6 • Kas, Receivable, Inventory, Fixed Asset, Payable, dll

Anggaran
Neraca

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 20

10
 KENDALA
PENYUSUNAN
BUDGET

1. Bersifat estimasi / prediksi

2. Resiko bisnis
3. Keterbatasan pengetahuan
4. Company target

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 21

COST CONTROL

Cost control ➔ Pengendalian Budget dan Actual

Tips :
1. Check aktifitas yang diajukan dengan anggaran.
2. Lakukan perbandingan minimal 3 panawaran harga.
3. Benchmark biaya sebagai target / acuan.
4. Cost reduction.

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 22

11
COST CONTROL

Cost Reduction

❑ Top Management Commitment

❑ Build Team CR
❑ Set Target CR
❑ Make Action Plan
❑ Risk & Execution
❑ Control & Improve

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 23

Thank You
PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY

: prodemy.global@gmail.com
: 082112235378
: Productivity Academy (PRODEMY)
: @prodemyasia

: www.prodemyasia.com

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 24

12
 NEXT
EVENT

Untuk mendaftar
Silahkan di klik
https://lynk.id/prodemy.asia

PRODUCTIVITY ACADEMY www.prodemyasia.com 25

13