Gerund and Infinitive Phrases

Gerunds and Infinitives are both verbals. A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning
as a different part of speech, usually a noun. Gerunds are formed when an “-ing” ending is
added to a verb, and every infinitive is composed of “to” plus a verb. When grouped with
modifiers, gerunds and infinitives form verbal phrases that perform the function of nouns.

Gerunds dan Infinitives keduanya verbal. Verbal adalah kata yang dibentuk dari kata kerja tetapi
berfungsi sebagai bagian ucapan yang berbeda, biasanya kata benda. Gerund terbentuk ketika
akhiran "-ing" ditambahkan ke kata kerja, dan setiap infinitif terdiri dari "ke" ditambah kata kerja.
Ketika dikelompokkan dengan pengubah, gerund dan infinitif membentuk frasa verbal yang
menjalankan fungsi kata benda.

Using Gerunds in a Sentence

In the examples below, the gerund appears in italics and the main verb appears in bold.

Gerund as subject
Because gerunds act as nouns, they can take any role that a noun would usually take in a
sentence. The most obvious role is the gerund as subject, in which the sentence is about an
action:

Gerund sebagai subjek

Karena gerund bertindak sebagai kata benda, mereka dapat mengambil peran apa pun
yang biasanya diambil oleh kata benda dalam sebuah kalimat. Peran yang paling jelas
adalah gerund sebagai subjek, di mana kalimatnya adalah tentang suatu tindakan:

Ex. Waking up early is always difficult.

Waking up early is the gerund phrase that forms the subject of the main verb is.

Gerund as a direct object

A gerund or gerund phrase can also be the object of a verb, making it the recipient of an action

Gerund sebagai objek langsung

Sebuah gerund atau frase gerund juga bisa menjadi objek dari sebuah kata kerja, membuatnya
menjadi penerima dari suatu tindakan

Ex. Usually, my problem is staying up too late.

Staying up too late is the gerund phrase that functions as the object of the main verb is.

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 Gerund as the object of a preposition

Ex. Michael Phelps won the gold medal by training every day.

Training every day is the object of the preposition by and separate from the main verb won.
Although gerund phrases do not require commas, if we were to rearrange our last example, a
comma would be necessary.

Pelatihan setiap hari adalah objek dari preposisi oleh dan terpisah dari kata kerja utama yang
dimenangkan. Meskipun frasa gerund tidak memerlukan koma, jika kita ingin mengatur
ulang contoh terakhir kita, koma akan diperlukan.

Ex. By training every day, Michael Phelps won the gold medal.

It is important to remember, however, that the gerund phrase only gets a comma because it is
part of an introductory prepositional phrase, not because it is a gerund.

Penting untuk diingat, bagaimanapun, bahwa frasa gerund hanya mendapat koma karena itu
adalah bagian dari frasa preposisi pengantar, bukan karena itu adalah gerund.

Things to Remember
 While every gerund is a verb with an “-ing” ending, it does not act as the main verb of
the sentence and usually acts as the subject or object of a sentence.
 Generally, gerunds do not require commas.
 Although a gerund phrase can function as the subject of a sentence, adding an “ing” to a
verb does not make it a noun.

Hal-hal untuk diingat

 Meskipun setiap gerund adalah kata kerja dengan akhiran “-ing”, gerund tidak bertindak
sebagai kata kerja utama kalimat dan biasanya bertindak sebagai subjek atau objek kalimat.
 Umumnya, gerund tidak memerlukan koma.
 Meskipun frase gerund dapat berfungsi sebagai subjek kalimat, menambahkan "ing" ke kata
kerja tidak membuatnya menjadi kata benda.

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 Using Infinitives in a Sentence
Infinitive verbal phrases are composed of “to” plus the verb and can act as a noun. Like gerunds,
infinitive verbal phrases can function as subjects, objects, and complements in a sentence.
However, when infinitive phrases are used as adverbs at the beginning of a sentence, they must be
punctuated with a comma.

Frasa verbal infinitif terdiri dari "ke" ditambah kata kerja dan dapat bertindak sebagai kata benda.
Seperti halnya gerund, frasa verbal infinitif dapat berfungsi sebagai subjek, objek, dan
pelengkap dalam sebuah kalimat.
Namun, ketika frasa infinitif digunakan sebagai kata keterangan di awal kalimat, frasa tersebut
harus diberi tanda koma.

Infinitive as a Subject
Infinitives can function as subjects, but gerunds and gerund phrases take this role more commonly
and usually sound more normal. Typically, an infinitive at the beginning of a sentence will be
part of an adverbial phrase,

Infinitif sebagai Subjek

Infinitif dapat berfungsi sebagai subjek, tetapi gerund dan frasa gerund mengambil peran ini lebih
umum dan biasanya terdengar lebih normal. Biasanya, infinitive di awal kalimat akan menjadi
bagian dari adverbial phrase,

Ex. To run seemed dangerous given the conditions.

To run is the subject of the main verb seemed. This is correct, but “Running seemed dangerous
given the conditions” sounds more natural.

Infinitive as a Direct Object

Infinitives are much more common as direct objects: “I want to…” is one of the most common
examples. Place almost any verb after “to” in that sentence and you have a functional infinitive
as a direct object. However, that is certainly not the only phrase to use this construction:

Infinitif sebagai Objek Langsung

Infinitif jauh lebih umum sebagai objek langsung: "Saya ingin ..." adalah salah satu contoh paling
umum. Tempatkan hampir semua kata kerja setelah "ke" dalam kalimat itu dan Anda memiliki
infinitive fungsional sebagai objek langsung. Namun, itu tentu bukan satu-satunya ungkapan
yang menggunakan konstruksi ini:

Ex. Jim decided to take the car for a test drive.

To take is the direct object of the main verb decided.

Infinitive as an Adjective
Unlike gerund phrases, infinitive phrases can be used as adjectives to modify a noun. In such a
case, the infinitive phrase will follow the now

Infinitif sebagai kata sifat

Tidak seperti frase gerund, frase infinitif dapat digunakan sebagai kata sifat untuk memodifikasi
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 kata benda. Dalam kasus seperti itu, frasa infinitif akan mengikuti sekarang

Ex. I need a book to read on the beach.

To read on the beach describes the noun “book,” which is the direct object of the main
verb need.

Infinitive as Part of an Adverbial Phrase

When an infinitive is part of an adverbial phrase, the phrase usually answers the question “why?” for
the verb.

Infinitive sebagai Bagian dari Adverbial Phrase

Ketika infinitif adalah bagian dari frase adverbial, frase biasanya menjawab pertanyaan "mengapa?"
untuk kata kerja.

Ex. To see her face more clearly, Jenny cleaned the mirror.

To see her face more clearly is the infinitive phrase and cleaned is the main verb. When an infinitive
phrase is used as an adverb and introduces your main clause, it should always be
punctuated with a comma. However, when this sentenced is rearranged, we no longer need the
comma.

Untuk melihat wajahnya lebih jelas adalah frasa infinitif dan dibersihkan adalah kata kerja utama.
Ketika frasa infinitif digunakan sebagai kata keterangan dan memperkenalkan klausa utama
Anda, itu harus selalu diselingi dengan koma. Namun, ketika hukuman ini diatur ulang, kita
tidak perlu lagi koma.

Ex. Jenny cleaned the mirror to see her face more clearly.

It is common to see the phrase “in order” before this use of an infinitive, as in “Jimmy
paraphrased the main points in the margin in order to learn quickly.”

Things to Remember
 Like gerunds and gerund phrases, infinitives and infinitive phrases are verbs that act
as nouns in a sentence.
 Infinitives are composed of “to” plus the verb and can be the subject, object, or
complement in a sentence.
 Infinitive phrases only require a comma when the infinitive phrase is used as an
adverbial phrase and introduces the main clause.

Hal-hal untuk diingat

 Seperti gerund dan frase gerund, infinitives dan infinitive phrase adalah kata kerja yang
bertindak sebagai kata benda dalam sebuah kalimat.
 Infinitive terdiri dari “to” ditambah verb dan dapat menjadi subject, object, atau
pelengkap dalam sebuah kalimat.
 Frasa infinitif hanya memerlukan koma ketika frasa infinitif digunakan sebagai frasa
adverbial dan memperkenalkan klausa utama.

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 Contact
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