Principles of Communication- Part I

Professor Aditya K. Jagannatham

Department of Electrical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Module No 3
Lecture 15
Double Sideband (DSB) Suppressed Carried (SC) Demodulation, Non-Coherent
demodulation, Impact of Carrier Phase Offset
Keywords: Double Sideband (DSB) Suppressed Carrier (SC) Demodulation, Non-Coherent
demodulation, Carrier Phase Offset

Hello, welcome to this another module in this massive open online course. So you are looking at
double sideband with suppressed carrier modulation DSB-SC.

(Refer Slide Time: 0:34)

So let us continue our discussion on DSB-SC modulation.

(Refer Slide Time: 2:05)

Let us draw a schematic of the DSB-SC signal and the modulated signal x(t) is given as

Ac m(t ) cos(2 f ct ) , there is no transmission of a pure carrier signal and this x(t) at the receiver is
fed to a demodulator. The output is passed through a low pass filter LPF with cut off frequency
W and the response of the low pass filter is 1 between -W to W and 0 otherwise and the cut-off
frequency W is chosen such that fc  W  fm and this is possible because fc is much greater than

Ac m(t )
fm and the output of this signal is therefore given as where now we have recovered our
2
message signal m(t).
(Refer Slide Time: 3:51)

So this is basically the schematic diagram of DSB-SC demodulation process.

(Refer Slide Time: 4:28)

Now in this module let us look at another interesting aspect. We have assumed two cosine waves
that is the carrier wave and a carrier locally generated at the receiver. So in the demodulation

process we need a copy of the carrier that is cos(2 f ct ) locally generated. So we can generate a
local copy of the carrier at the receiver and we have also assumed that the phase of this incoming
signal and the phase of the carrier locally generated are equal and you will realize that the
success of the system depends on this fact. In other words, there is no phase offset of the locally
generated carrier with respect to the carrier component in the incoming signal. So when these
phases are equal this is termed as coherent demodulation.

(Refer Slide Time: 8:30)

So we have the incoming message signal Ac m(t ) cos(2 f c t ) and we have the carrier that is

cos(2 f ct ) . We are multiplying this with the carrier. Something is coherence means coherence
basically indicates that the carrier at the receiver is in sync or is in tune with the carrier wave of
the incoming signal. So this is also termed as synchronous demodulation or synchronous
coherent demodulation. Now in general there can be a mismatch between the phase of the
incoming carrier and the phase of the locally generated signal. There can be a phase mismatch
this is termed as a carrier phase offset.
(Refer Slide Time: 12:34)

So let us take a look at this in general, we have x(t )  Ac m(t ) cos(2 f ct ) and cos(2 f ct   ) , so
this is your incoming signal and this is the locally generated carrier at the receiver and now you
can see the carrier generated at the receiver or the carrier employed for the demodulation at the
receiver has a phase offset, of  . This is termed as a carrier phase offset. Therefore, now the
carrier generated at the receiver is no longer coherent. So the carrier wave at the receiver is no
longer synchronized with the carrier wave in the incoming signal therefore in this scenario what
we can see, there is a carrier phase offset   0.
(Refer Slide Time: 15:58)

So there is non-coherence that is the carrier generated at the receiver is not coherent with respect
to the carrier wave in incoming signal.

(Refer Slide Time: 16:59)

Let us examine the non-coherent demodulation, we have x(t )  cos(2 f c t   ) . So for our

demodulation process what we do is to simply take the received signal x(t )  cos(2 f c t   )

which is basically Ac m(t ) cos(2 f ct )  cos(2 f ct   ) which can be written as,

1
Ac m(t )  cos( )  cos(4 f ct   ) that is cos A cos B or 2 cos A cos B is cos( A  B ) that is
2
cos(4 f ct   ) .

(Refer Slide Time: 18:47)

Now you can see this component, at 2fc which is a baseband component that is

1 1
Ac m(t ) cos( )  Ac m(t ) cos(4 f ct   ) .
2 2

(Refer Slide Time: 19:55)

Now when we low pass filter this, cut off is such that, W>fm and W < fc-fm. What we get is

1
Ac m(t ) cos( ) and now we can see that we have this additional factor of  which was
2
previously absent in the case of coherent demodulation.

(Refer Slide Time: 21:40)

1 2
The power of the demodulated signal is Ac Pm cos 2 ( ) .
4
(Refer Slide Time: 22:17)

1 2
So there is a factor of cos 2 ( )  1 implies the power is less than or equal to Ac Pm which is the
4
power in the coherent demodulation, so here the power is suppressed or power the output power

of the demodulated signal is suppressed by a factor of cos 2 ( ) .

(Refer Slide Time: 24:05)

So the output power decreases by factor of cos 2 ( ) which is basically less than or equal to 1 in

 
fact for   , cos 2 ( )  0 . In fact if the phase difference  is that is a locally generated
2 2


carrier is out of phase with respect to the carrier wave in the incoming signal the output power
2
is 0 as you low pass filter it. So when the locally generated carrier is orthogonal to carrier wave
in incoming signal what is happening is once you demodulate and low pass filter it the output


power is simply 0. Therefore now you can see for all the values of  between 0 and you
2
basically have the power of the output signal which decreases slowly. Therefore as  increases
or as the carrier phase offset increases, the degradation worsens. The performance progressively
worsens as carrier phase offset increases. So that is something that we have to note.

(Refer Slide Time: 26:19)

Therefore, it is important to maintain phase coherence or phase synchronization with respect to
the carrier at the receiver. So therefore what we have seen in this module is that we have
examined the impact of the carrier phase offset in a locally generated carrier, at the receiver what
happens when it is used for demodulation and we have demonstrated that as the carrier phase
offset increases, the output power of the demodulated signal progressively decreases therefore
the performance of the system, worsens. So we will stop here and continue with other aspects in
the subsequent modules, thank you.