COLORING THE GLOBAL FUTURE

Psikologi Umum 1
History of Psychology:
Classical Perspectives

Dr. dr. Matrissya Hermita., MSi., MIKom

Universitas Gunadarma 2020
https://healthypsych.com/pay-more-attention-with-intention/meditation-by-john-hain-pixabay/
 Structuralismc

Structuralism
 • Wilhelm Wundt [1832-1920]
• …Understanding & explaining the structure of
Structuralism consciousness by breaking it down into parts such
as thoughts, feelings, sights, sounds & other
sensations & how the parts are organised and
how they are interrelated…
 Structuralismc

1879 à 1st psychology laboratory in

Leipzig, Germany.
Equipped by platforms, various balls, …Criticized for being
telegraph keys, and metronomes. unscientific method
because it was solely
Asked subjects to drop balls from a dependent on subjects’
platform or listen to a metronome à and self-reports, which could
report their own sensations (eg. Pleasant, be biased, rather than on
unpleasant, exciting, relaxing) à objective
analyzing their sensations à analyzing measurements…
the structure of the mind
 Structuralism

Example of theory :

[APPLE] : Buah, bulat, berwarna hijau/merah, manis.

“[hujan] : air, basah, dingin, …., ……,dst.. dst..”

(bisa menjadi sedikit lebih berbeda antara individu terkait introspeksi dari masing-masing individu)
 Functionalism

Functionalism

Studying the function, rather than, the

structure of consciousness. Interested in how
our minds adapt to our changing
environment.
 Functionalism

Functions of the Mind

Eg. Seseorang yang berteriak dan menjauh ketika melihat kecoak, dalam hal ini kecoak
dianggap sebagai mahluk yang menjijikan sehingga individu tersebut berteriak dan
menghindar (jijik membuat individu tersebut menjauh),

namun tidak demikian menurut James, yaitu :

Berteriak dan bergerak menjauhi kecoak akan menyebabkaan adanya perubahan fisiologis
tubuh, dimana perubahan tersebut akan diinterpretasikan oleh otak sebagai emosi “jijik”
à emotions were caused by physiological changes; thus, screaming and
sudden walking produced disgust.
 Functionalism

Functionalism
“Consciousness is a continuous flow”

• the mind is constantly weaving associations, revisiting experiences and making

connections.
..all activities of the mind help us survive as a species. Your awareness is a blend of
experiences, memories and feelings..

• Holistic thinking : perceptions, emotions and images can not be separated à

although the objects of our thoughts or perceptions may seem distinct and separate,
thus our awareness of them forms a “river” or “stream”. [the best metaphor for our
consciousness]..