FOUNDATIONS O

F SOCIAL STUDIE
S
Facts, Concepts, Generalizations
ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY,
PSYCHOLOGY

DDISCUSSANT: ELLEN JOY A. PENIERO

FACTS
Is something that actually exists or existed, object, or event, and
can be verified by observation. Facts are single occurrences.
CONCEPTS
An idea about a particular phenomenon, people abstract from
specific experiences. The idea includes all the properties that
distinguish examples of the concept from all the non examples of
the concept.

Summarize and categorize objects. The difficulty of learning a

concept depends on the number of properties or characteristics, the
abstractness or concreteness, and the reasoning that connects the
properties or characteristics.

Best introduced through physical observation and manipulation

(hands on exploration). Followed by a grand conversation; that
provides a concept name, other examples, and non examples.

Can be made more concrete by defining them operationally.

GENERALIZATIONS
Are descriptive statements of relationships between two or more
concepts.
ANTHROPOLOGY
ANTHROPOLOGY
“ANTHROPOS” = “MAN”
“LOGOS” = “STUDY”

Deals with the scientific study of man/human

beings.
 PHYSICAL CULTURAL
ANTHROPOLOGY ANTHROPOLOGY

Origin, Evolution and Studies cultures

Diversity of People. around the world.

ANTHROPOLOGY
LINGUISTIC
ARCHAEOLOGY ANTHROPOLOGY

Way to see and learn Studies the role of

about analysis of language in the social
material remains. lives of individuals
and communities.
EVOLUTION CULTURE

ANTHROPOLOGY
CONCEPTS
ARTIFACTS
LANGUAGE
Generalization
 Archaeology and physical anthropology are different
in their study of relics and skeletal remains to understand
people of the past.
SOCIOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY
“SOCIOLOGIE” = “COMPANION”

The study of human social relationships and

institutions.
 SOCIOLOGY CONCEPTS

SOCIAL PRIMARY GROUP

SOCIETY SECONDARY GROUP
INSTITUTION

CULTURE SOCIAL CLASS

 Generalization
 Sociology seeks to understand how groups work, how
groups influence one another, and how groups influence the
things that individual do.

 Because the people of the world are interdependent, the

behaviors of one group of people affects the lives of the
other groups.

 Families are a primary means of socialization in all

cultures.
PSYCHOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY
“PSYCHE” = MIND, SOUL OR SPIRIT
“LOGOS” = STUDY

The scientific study of the human mind and its

function, especially those affecting behavior in a
given context.
 PSYCHOLOGY PERSPECTIVE

BIOLOGICAL
1 PSYCHODYNAMIC
2 BEHAVIORAL
3 COGNITIVE
4 HUMANISTIC
5
Involves studying Emphasizes Proposes two main Is concerned with Emphasizes the
the brain, immune unconscious processes “mental” functions study of the whole
system, nervous psychological whereby people such as memory, person (known as
system and processes (for example learn from their perception, holism). Suggests
genetics. wishes and fears of environment: attention, etc. that we are each
which we’re not fully namely classical responsible for our
aware), and contends conditioning and own happiness
that childhood operant and well-being as
experiences are crucial conditioning. humans.
in shaping adult
personality.
 PSYCHOLOGY CONCEPTS

NEUROSCIENCE INTELLIGENCE PERSONALITY

BEHAVIOR PERCEPTION
 Generalization
 Intelligence is important because it has an impact on
many human behaviors.

 While personality continues to evolve over time and

respond to influences and experiences of life, much of
personality is determined by inborn traits and early
childhood experiences.
Thank you!