20-52011

Kyla Renz M. De leon

BSA-1108

ACTIVITY 2

PHILOSOPHERS One sentence definition of SELF

SOCRATES He believed that the soul is immortal and unchanging while
the physical body is mortal and constantly changing

PLATO According to him there are three coexistent aspects of the

soul, from which you can understand your own desires and
behaviors.
St. AGUSTINE Augustine believed that humans were made in the image
and likeness of God and that our rational minds were the
image of the Holy Trinity of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
DESCARTES According to Descartes, the essence of mind is thought,
which he describes in terms of doubting, affirming, judging,
wherein a mind can be seen as something that is defined by
thought.
LOCKE According to Locke, is the memory and self consciousness,
and diversity is the faculty to transfer memories across bodies
and souls.
HUME According to Hume, as human beings we tend to think of
ourselves as selves who are stable entities that exist over time
but no matter how closely we examine our own experiences,
we never observe anything beyond a series of transient
feelings, sensations, and impressions.
KANT For Immanuel Kant, it synthesizes sensations according to the
categories of the understanding, nothing can be known of
this self, because it is a condition, not an object, of
knowledge.
FREUD According to Freud, these two levels of human functioning,
the conscious and the unconscious differ radically both in
their content and in the rules and logic that govern them.
RYLE According to Ryle, the self is best understood as a pattern of
behavior, the tendency or disposition for a person to behave
in a certain way in certain circumstances.
CHURCHLAND Churchland claims that the self is the product of brain activity
which the behavior of the self can be attributed to the
neuropharmacological states, the neural activity in
specialized anatomical areas.
MERLEAU-PONTY According to him, the world and the sense of self are
emergent phenomena in the ongoing process of man’s
becoming.
 ACTIVITY 3
SOCIOLOGY
 Anthropology studies human
behavior more at the individual
level.
 Anthropologists conduct research
using ethnography (a qualitative
research method).
 The primary goal of anthropology
is to understand human diversity
and cultural difference.
 Anthropology is the most valuable
of the social sciences for gaining
understanding of the new, the
unknown, or the society that has
not been closely enough observed
in it’s normal setting and ways of
conduct. Much of the core
knowledge that is used in the other
social sciences is founded in the
anthropological method of study
and field research.
ANTHROPOLOGY
 Sociology focuses more on group
behavior and relations with social
structures and institutions.
 Sociologists use both qualitative
and quantitative methods.
 Sociology is more solution-oriented
with the goal of fixing social
problems through policy.
 From a classical sociological
perspective, the self is a relatively
stable set of perceptions of who
we are in relation to ourselves,
others, and to social systems. The
self is socially constructed in the
sense that it is shaped through
interaction with other people. As
with socialization in general, the
individual is not a passive
participant in this process and
have a powerful influence over
how this process and its
consequences develop.