[OLFU VISION]

A premier inclusive university of choice aspiring to improve man as man by developing

individuals through a legacy of excellent education and compassionate value formation.
[OLFU MISSION]
The Our Lady of Fatima University together with Fatima Medical Science Foundation, Inc.
is dedicated to the improvement of man as man through the holistic formation of individuals
imbued with knowledge, skills and virtues.
o To achieve this end, the university aims to:
o Commit itself to the service of society through quality education;
o Develop the capabilities of individuals in order to maximize their potentials;
o Nurture future professionals with the requisite academic foundation and
conventional skills so as to mold them into highly-respected leaders and
members of society;
o Respond effectively to the changing needs and conditions of the times through
continuing professional education and research;
o Inculcate social awareness through community outreach program;
o Imbue a deep sense of nationalism and pride in our Filipino heritage;
o Uphold virtues of truth, justice integrity, compassion and faith in G od.
[OLFU CORE VALUES]
Through innovative learning strategies focused on strong and updated academic
foundation with enhanced industry skills and experience, a graduate of OLFU is expected
to be an ACHIEVER. In the community and in the workplace, an OLFU graduate will be
known as a person who:
A –      Aspires to Do His Best
C –      Credible and Compassionate
H –      Hardworking and Honourable
I –        An Inspiration to Others
E –       Efficient, Effective and Ethical
V –      Visionary
E –       Entrepreneurial, Employable and Has Excellent Work Habits
R- Responsible
Socrates
 Socrates can be considered as first “Marty of Education”, knowledge and
philosophy.
 He was charged with corruption of the mind of minors and was made to choose
between exile and death via the intake of hemlock.
 The philosophy of Socrates underlies the importance of the notion “Knowing
Oneself”.
 For him, men’s goal in life is to obtain happiness and such goal motivates us to
act towards or against the things that can bring negatives in our lives.
Plato
 Known as the “Father of the Academy”.
 Plato generally followed his teacher (Socrates) and the idea of knowing thyself.
 Conceptualized the “tripartite Theory of the soul”
Plato splits the human soul into 3 parts
 Appetitive soul – is the part of the person that is driven by the desire and need to
satisfy oneself. Satisfaction involves both the physical need, pleasure and
desires.
 Spirited soul- this can be attributed to the courageous part of a person, one who
wants to do something right and correct the wrong doings of others.
 Rational soul – among the 3 souls, this is said to be the driver of our lives. This is
the part that thinks and plans foe the future. It decides what to do, when to do it and
the possible results one could have depending on their actions.
ST. Augustine
 St. Augustine follows the idea that God encompasses us all, that everything will
be better if we are with God.
 His idea of man and how to understand a person is related to our understanding
of who we are and how we question ourselves.
 St. Augustine believes that our notion of ourselves and our idea of existence
comes from a higher form of sense in which bodily senses may not perceive or
understand.
Rene Descartes
 Rene Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist.
Known to be “the father of modern western philosophy”.
 Cartesian Dualism – her believed that the “mind and the body” are two
separate entities. The mind could exist without the body, but the body could
not exist without the mind.
 “Cogito Ergo Sum” which means in English as “I think therefor I am”.
John Locke
 He conceptualized the term “Tabula Rasa” which means a blank state or an
empty vessel.
 Locke believed that the experience and perceptions of a person is important in the
establishment of who that person can become.
Sigmund Freud
 Known to be the “the father of psychoanalysis” and known for his work on
human nature and the unconscious.
 Freud believed that man has different constructs of personality that interacts with
each other and along with his concept of the different levels of conscious
provides an idea on how person develops the sense of self.
The provinces of the mind
ID – also known as “the child aspect of a person”. Its attention is on satisfaction of one’s
needs and self-gratification. Driven pleasure principle.
Superego – is the conscience of one’s personality.
EGO – sometimes known as the police or the mediator between the ID and the
SUPEREGO. It operates within the boundary of reality.
Merleau- Ponty
 Is a French philosopher who is known for his works on existentialism and
phenomenology. His idea of self, regarded that the body and mind are not separate
entities but rather these two components are one and the same.
 He follows the idea of the gestalt psychology where he believed that the “whole is
greater that the sum of its parts” where he pushed the idea on the unity of the
function of the mind and the body, and this idea is called the Phenomenology
perception.
David Hume
 “No permanent self”
 Since our impressions of things based from our experiences and from such
impressions, we can create our ideas and knowledge which leads to the argument
that since our impression and ideas change.
The great thinkers in understanding the self: David Hume

Loving
Happy Cold
Impressions
Warm Approachable
Sad
Immanuel Kant
 He argued that the awareness of different emotions that we have, impressions and
behaviour is only part of our self.
 He said that to fully understand who we are, a certain level of consciousness or
sense that uses our intuition which synthesizes all the experiences, impressions and
perceptions of ourselves will pave the way to define and know who we really are.
Gilbert Ryle
 He said that the self is the behaviour presented by the person
 His notion of dualism is that the behaviour that we show, emotions and actions are
the reflection of our mind and as such is the manifest of who we are.
 He believed that the mind and body are two separate entities which said to be
evident in the unexplainable phenomenon or abilities of the mind where the soul is
considered.
 He believed that once we encounter others, their perceptions of what we do, how we
act, and the way we behave will then result to the understanding of other people and
establishing of who we are.
 “Ghost in the machine” this view said the man is complex machine with different
functioning parts and the intelligence, and other characteristics of behaviour of man
is represented by the ghost in the said machine.
Paul Churchland
 He focusses on the idea that people should improve our association and use of
words in identifying the self.
 he has the idea that the self is defined by the movements of our brain.
 Eliminative materialism – it opposes that people’s common sense understanding
of the mind is false and that most of the mental states that people subscribe to, in
turn, do not actually exist.
 This idea also applies on the understanding of behaviour and emotions.
 Neurophilosophy - he believed that to fully understand one’s behaviour, one
should understand the different neurological movement of the brain that pertains to
different emotions, feelings, actions and reactions and how such brain movements
affect the body.
SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF
SOCIOLOGY
 Is the study of how human society is established, its structure and how it works, the
people’s interaction with each other and the effects they have to one another.

George H. mead and the social self

 Is an American sociologist, he is considered as the father of American Pragmatism,
He is also one of the pioneers in the field of social psychology because of his
contributions on the development of the person relating to various social factors.
 He rejected the idea of biological determination of the self, which proposes that an
individual has already established one’s self from the moment he is born.
The “I” and the “me”
 Mead proposes that there are two components of the self which the person have.
These components are the “I” and the “Me”.

 “I” – is one’s response to the established attitude and behaviour that a person
assumes in reference to their social interactions.
 “Me” – are the attitudes, and behaviours of the person with reference to their social
environment.

Charles Cooley’s the looking-glass self

 The term looking glass self was created by American sociologist Charles Horton
Cooley in 1902, and introduced into his work Human Nature and the Social Order. It
is described as our reflection of how we think we appear to others. To further explain
would be how oneself imagines how others view him/her.

- The looking-glass self-comprises three main components that are unique to humans
(Shaffer 2005):
 We imagine how we must appear to others in a social situation.
 We imagine and react to what we feel their judgment of that appearance must be.
 We develop our sense of self and respond through these perceived judgments of
others.

I am not what I think I am,

I am not what you think I am.
I am what I think you think I am.
-Charles Cooley
Three role-playing stages of self-development
- Mead proposed that there are three stages in which a person has to go through for
one to develop one’ self.
 Preparation/Language Stage
 Play Stage
 Game Stage
THE PREPARATORY STAGE (BIRTH – 2 YRS OLD)
 during this stage, the infant simply imitates the actions and behaviours of the people
that the infant interacts with.
THE PLAY STAGE (2 – 6 YRS OLD)
 It is the time where children begin to interact with other with which certain rules
apply. These rules often time does not adhere to any set or standards but rather are
rules that are set by children themselves.
THE GAME STAGE (6 – 9 YRS OLD)
 The finals stage of development according to Mead, which are characterized by the
ability of the children to recognize the rules of the game and be able to identify their
roles and the roles of the others that is playing with them.
 Psychological Perspective of the self
Psychology
 The scientific study of human behaviour.
(Overt and covert behaviour)
 And mental process (thinking, feeling, memory)
 The Psychological Self is about the “Cognitive” and “Affective” representation of
one’s identity or subject of experience.

William James and The Principle of Psychology

For James, the main concept of self is the:
 James also gives sub-categories of self:
“The Material Self” – is constituted by our bodies, clothes, immediate family and home.
Self can be separated into 3 Categories
1. Its constituents
2. The feeling emotions to rise. – Self feeling
3.The actions to which they prompt – Self-seeking and Self-preservation.
James also gives subcategories of self:
 The Material Self – is constituted by our bodies, clothes, immediate family and
home.
 The Social Self – is based on our interactions with society and the reaction of
people towards us.
 The Spiritual Self – the most intimate type of self.
And they have the ability to argue and discriminate one’s moral sensibility,
conscience, and indomitable will.
Carl Rogers and the concept of the self:
 Rogers believed that people must be fully honest with themselves in order to have
personal discoveries on one self.
 Client-centered therapy: a non-directive intervention wherein a person is believed to
have the potential to solve his own problem.

The Concept of the Self:

A. The Perceived Self: self-worth – the person sees himself and how others see them.
B. The Real Self – Self-image – how/who the person really is.
C. The Ideal Self – how the person like to be.
Concept of Unified and Multiple Self:
As Daniel CW wrote in his article, “Psychoanalysis VS. Postmodern Psychology” he has
emphasized how Freud perceived person as a unified being and Gergens’ Concept of
multiple self.
Concept of true self and fake self
TRUE SELF – instinctual and spontaneous.
FAKE SELF – hideous and pretentious.
Anthropological Perspective of Self
Antropology - Is a systematic exploration of human biological and cultural diversity.
THE SELF AND THE PERSON IN CONTEMPORARY ANTHROPOLOGY
I. Anthropology and its Sub discipline
The academic discipline of anthropology, or the “Four Field” anthropology, studies human
species and t’s immediate ancestors includes four main subdisciplines or subfields namely;
 Sociocultural
 Archaeological
 Biological
 Linguistic
The subdisciplines of anthropology
Cultural Anthropology
 Is the study of human society and culture which describes, analyses, interprets
and explain social and cultural similarities and differences.
 It explores the diversity of the present and the past.
ETHNOGRAPHY - based on field work
ETHNOLOGY - based on cross-cultural comparison
Archaeological Anthropology
 This type of anthropology reconstructs, describes, and interprets, human
behavior and cultural patterns through material remains.
 These material remains such as plant, animal, and ancient garbage provides
stories about utilization and actions.
Biological or Physical Anthropology
 This focuses on the special interest, human evolution, as revealed by the fossil,
human genetics, human growth, and development.
Linguistic Anthropology
 This studies languages in its social and cultural context across space and over time.
 Universal features of language are analyzed and association between language and
culture are evaluated.
 It also studies how speech changes in social situations and over time.
The self-embedded in the culture
Culture
- This refers to customary behavior and beliefs that are passed on through
enculturation.
Enculturation – is the social process of which culture is learned and transmitted.
Culture Defined
- is shared, symbolic, natural, learned, integrated, encompassing and maladaptive
and adaptive.
- According to Geertz (1973), he described culture as “ a system of inherited
conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by means of which men communicate,
perpetuate, and develop their knowledge about and attitudes toward life.”