IOT BASED SMART BOTTLE FOR HEALTH CARE

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION OF IOT :

The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and
digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the
ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer
interaction.

A thing in the internet of things can be a person with a heart monitor implant, a farm animal
with a biochip transponder, an automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the driver when tire
pressure is low or any other natural or man-made object that can be assigned an Internet Protocol (IP)
address and is able to transfer data over a network.

Medical and healthcare

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is an application of the IoT for medical and health
related purposes, data collection and analysis for research, and monitoring. The IoMT has been
referenced as "Smart Healthcare", as the technology for creating a digitized healthcare system,
connecting available medical resources and healthcare services.

IoT devices can be used to enable remote health monitoring and emergency notification
systems. These health monitoring devices can range from blood pressure and heart rate monitors to
advanced devices capable of monitoring specialized implants.

1.2 INTRODUCTION OF IOT BASED SMART BOTTLE FOR HEALTH

CARE:

Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects comprising of all the devices,
vehicles, buildings and the other items with electronics, software and sensors which enables these
objects to collect and exchange data each other. Whenever a saline is fed to any patient, he needs to be
constantly monitored by a nurse or any relatives. Most of time due to negligence, busy schedule and

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 IOT BASED SMART BOTTLE FOR HEALTH CARE

more number of patients, the nurse may forget to change the saline bottle as soon as it is totally
consumed.

Fig.1..1 Construction model

Just after the saline finishes, blood rushes back to the saline bottle due to difference in blood
pressure and pressure inside the empty saline bottle. This may cause reverse flow of blood to saline
bottle from their vein. This results in the reduction of haemoglobin level of patients and may also lead
to shortage of red blood cells in patient’s
causing tiredness.

Therefore, there is a need of developing a saline level monitoring system which will
reduce the patient’s dependent on the nurses or caretakers to some extent.

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 IOT BASED SMART BOTTLE FOR HEALTH CARE

In, Hospital ICU (Intensive care unit), CCU (Critical care unit), OPD (Out Patient
department), OT (Operation theatre), most of all department of hospital required such kind of
automatic monitoring and indication system. Also, Healthcare industries will be one of the users

1.3 WHY WE SELECTED THIS PROJECT ?

During recent year, due to the advancing and innovative development in the field of technology
many techniques have been fast recovery of the patients in hospital. Need for good patient care in
hospital ,assessment and management of fluid and electrolyte is the most thing required All most in all
hospitals, a nurse is responsible for monitoring the electrolytes bottle level. But unfortunately, most of
the time, the observer may forgot to change the bottle at correct time due to their busy schedule .so,
we have decided to make an IOT based smart bottle for health care

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 IOT BASED SMART BOTTLE FOR HEALTH CARE

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE:

Such monitoring systems can be useful in small, medium and large sizes of hospitals and also
useful during home care. Developing such a monitoring system will decrease the chances of patients
hazards and increase the accuracy of health care in hospitals. Such data can also send to nurses and
doctor`s mobile and they can start or stop the fluid and also monitoring fluid condition, Hospital staff,
the constant person requirement, to manually monitor the level of bottles is avoided. This is high
advantage to the patients during night times. This system also avoids the fatal risk of air bubbles
entering the patient’s blood stream, which is a serious threat as air bubbles in blood can cause
immediate death. Such a device will create for non-harm condition to patients.

2.2 FLOW CHART DIAGRAM:

.2.2. Flow chart

Fig 2.1 flow chart diagram

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2.3 FLOWCHART DESCRIPTION:

• Following above is the flow chart which describes proper flow of the process that is going to be
executed in this project.
• Here U is the defined weight of the bottle from hospital authorities. (weight varies for blood, saline
and some others liquid).
• Generally saline bottle contains 500ml solution and the critical limit is set up to 70ml.
• When level of saline liquid in bottle is equal to or greater than defined U [70ml], there will be safe
indication through green LED and no action is taken.
• When level of saline liquid in bottle is decreasing from predefined value than as a alert indication
red LED glows along with siren of buzzer. So, message will be send to head staff of hospitals as a
alert.

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CHAPTER 3:- OUTLINE OF PROJECT

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROJECT

Fig 3.1 block diagram of project

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3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION:

• In this process the weight of the saline bottle is measured by the load cell and it gives analogy
value.
• The analogy to digital conversion is done by load cell module (HX711) and the digital value is
given to the Node-MCU.
• When the level of saline bottle gets reduce at that time red led glows and with the help of
buzzer an alert message will be drop down to the staff authorities of respective hospitals.

3.3 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF PROJECT:

Fig.3.2.Schematicdiagram

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3.4 S1CHEMATIC DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION:

• Our project is based IOT based smart health care bottle system.
• In this this project we are used Node-MCU it has total 30 pins in which 4 pins a supply and
another pin are GND, POWER, CONTROL.
• With the help of node-MCU inbuilt WI-FI facility is provided to fulfil the IOT operation.
• Load cell of 5kg is use.
• Now the electrical signals generated by the Load cell are in few millivolts, so they need to be
further amplified by some amplifier, HX711 Weight Sensor Module has HX711 chip, which is
a high precision A/D converter (Analog to digital converter).
• LEDs and buzzer are used to indicate the safe and emergency conditions.

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CHAPTER 4: HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

4.1 LIST OF COMPONENTS:

4.2.1. Node – MCU (Micro controller unit)

4.2.2. HX711
Load cell
Buzzer
LED (green and red)
Push button
Jumper wire
Resistors
Bread board

4.2 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS:

Node – MCU (Micro controller unit):

• NodeMCU is an open source firmware for which open source prototyping board designs are
available. The name "NodeMCU" combines "node" and "MCU" (micro-controller unit).
• The term "NodeMCU" strictly speaking refers to the firmware rather than the associated
development kits.
• Both the firmware and prototyping board designs are open source. The firmware uses the Lua
scripting language. The firmware is based on the eLua project, and built on the Espresso Non-
OS SDK for ESP8266. It uses many open source projects, such as lua-cjson and SPIFFS. Due
to resource constraints, users need to select the modules relevant for their project and build a
firmware tailored to their needs. Support for the 32-bit ESP32 has also been implemented.

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• The prototyping hardware typically used is a circuit board functioning as a dual in-line package
(DIP) which integrates a USB controller with a smaller surface-mounted board containing the
MCU and antenna. The choice of the DIP format allows for easy prototyping on breadboards.
The design was initially was based on the ESP-12 module of the ESP8266, which is a Wi-Fi
SoC integrated with a Tensilica Xtensa LX106 core, widely used in IoT applications

Fig.4.1. Node-MCU

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Fig.4.2. Node-MCU Pinout

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PINS:

Power Pins -There are four power pins. VIN pin and three 3.3V pins.

• VIN can be used to directly supply the Node-MCU and its peripherals. Power delivered on VIN is
regulated through the onboard regulator on the NodeMCU module – you can also supply 5V
regulated to the VIN pin
• 3.3V pins are the output of the onboard voltage regulator and can be used to supply power to
external components.

GND - GND are the ground pins of Node-MCU.

I2C - Pins are used to connect I2C sensors and peripherals. Both I2C Master and I2C Slave are
supported. I2C interface functionality can be realized programmatically, and the clock frequency is
100 kHz at a maximum. It should be noted that I2C clock frequency should be higher than the slowest
clock frequency of the slave device.

GPIO -This pins Node-MCU has 17 GPIO pins which can be assigned to functions such as I2C, I2S,
UART, PWM, IR Remote Control, LED Light and Button programmatically. Each digital enabled
GPIO can be configured to internal pull-up or pull-down, or set to high impedance. When configured
as an input, it can also be set to edge-trigger or level-trigger to generate CPU interrupts.

ADC Channel - The Node-MCU is embedded with a 10-bit precision SAR ADC. The two functions
can be implemented using ADC. Testing power supply voltage of VDD3P3 pin and testing input
voltage of TOUT pin. However, they cannot be implemented at the same time.

UART Pins – Node-MCU has 2 UART interfaces (UART0 and UART1) which provide
asynchronous communication (RS232 and RS485), and can communicate at up to 4.5 Mbps. UART0
(TXD0, RXD0, RST0 & CTS0 pins) can be used for communication. However, UART1 (TXD1 pin)
features only data transmit signal so, it is usually used for printing log.

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SPI Pins – Node-MCU features two SPIs (SPI and HSPI) in slave and master modes.
These SPIs also support the following general-purpose SPI features:

• 4 timing modes of the SPI format transfer

• Up to 80 MHz and the divided clocks of 80 MHz
• Up to 64-Byte FIFO

SDIO Pins – Node-MCU features Secure Digital Input/Output Interface (SDIO) which is used to
directly interface SD cards. 4-bit 25 MHz SDIO v1.1 and 4-bit 50 MHz SDIO v2.0 are supported.

PWM Pins - The board has 4 channels of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). The PWM output can
be implemented programmatically and used for driving digital motors and LEDs. PWM frequency
range is adjustable from 1000 μs to 10000 μs (100 Hz and 1 kHz).

Control Pins – Control pins are used to control the Node-MCU. These pins include Chip Enable
pin (EN), Reset pin (RST) and WAKE pin.
• EN: The Node-MUC chip is enabled when EN pin is pulled HIGH. When pulled LOW the
chip works at minimum power.
• RST: RST pin is used to reset the Node – MCU chip.

4.2.2 Load Cell:

• The load cell is a transducer that transforms force or pressure into electrical output. The
magnitude of this electrical output is directly proportional to the force being applied. Load
cells have a strain gauge, which deforms when pressure is applied to it. And then strain gauge
generates an electrical signal on deformation as its effective resistance changes on
deformation. A load cell usually consists of four strain gauges in a Wheatstone bridge
configuration. Load cell comes in various ranges like 5kg, 10kg, 100 kg and more, here we
have used Load cell 5kg.

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 IOT BASED SMART BOTTLE FOR HEALTH CARE

Fig. 4.3 Load Cell

• Now the electrical signals generated by the Load cell are in few millivolts, so they need to be
further amplified by some amplifier and hence HX711 Weight Sensor comes into the picture.
• HX711 Weighing Sensor Module has HX711 chip, which is a high precision A/D converter
(Analog to digital converter).
• HX711 has two analog input channels and we can get gain up to 128by programming these
channels.
• So HX711 module amplifies the low electric output of Load cells and then this amplified &
digitally converted signal is fed into the Node-MCU to derive the weight.

This components skeleton of the system. This component used to measure saline level in bottle.
In this load cell, we are measuring the weight of the saline bottle. 12v supply is required to
operate the load cell. its output will be analog in nature. The maximum weight measured in the
load cell is 1kg. If the weight of the glucose bottle is below 15%, the flow of liquid is stopped.

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Fig.4.4. HX711 Module

• The load cell is connected with the HX711 Load cell Amplifier using four wires.
• These four wires are Red, Black, White, and Green/Blue. There may be a slight variation in the
colours of wires from module to module.
• Below the connection details and diagram:

1. RED Wire is connected to E+

2. BLACK Wire is connected to E-
3. WHITE Wire is connected to A-

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 IOT BASED SMART BOTTLE FOR HEALTH CARE

Fig 4.5. Fixing Load Cell with HX711

4.2.3. LED:

• A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an electric
current passe through it.

• Since it is a diode, electricity can only flow one way. There is usually a flat section.
• On the side of the LED to mark its polarity: this side should be connected to ground.

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Fig 4.6 LED

4.3 Pictures of Project

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CHAPTER 5: ASPECT OF PROJECT

5.1 ADVANTAGES:
• Every time it is not necessary to watch a patient who is injected Saline bottle. Continuous
monitoring of bottle is not required.

• As our phone gets SMS the staff get alerted Immediately. There is no chance of backflow.

• This system also avoids the fatal risk of air bubbles entering the patient’s blood stream.

5.2 APPLICATION:

 In all health care centre

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CHAPTER 6: FUTURE SCOPE

 This project can also be added to smart card attendance system so that the controller gets the
detail of absentee of a faculty and also can send message to doctor about the absence of faculty
and alert another faculty to take position of that absented faculty.
 The flow control mechanism proposed can be modified and used in other fields such as
chemical mixing.
 The devices used in our project can be replaced by any alternative or better mechanism can be
used for pressing and the proposed work can be interfaced with keypad for better results.
 In future, the system can be extended to a distributed wireless network system. The flow
control mechanism proposed can be modified and used in other various fields.
 Furthermore, with the development of embedded hardware, more complex embedded coding
can be done.

 The sending and receiving speed of a security alert message is high, so this can be used to
give more kinds of applications in the future.

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 IOT BASED SMART BOTTLE FOR HEALTH CARE

CONCLUSION:

Through this project we are able to come up with a efficient solution in the
medical field. To conclude, the entire project is about alerting the medical staff based
upon the level of Saline in the bottle. If the Saline level reaches threshold the system
automatically sends the message to the staff. Thus, the staff can react and take care of
the patient condition.

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REFERENCES

• https://devfolio.co/submissions/iot-based-smart-bottle-
forhealthcare#:~:text=Devfolio-
,IoT%20based%20Smart%20Bottle%20For%20Healthcare.,system%20through%
20Internet%20of%20Things.&text=Thus%2C%20Patients%20can%20be%20mo
nitored,by%20the%20doctor%20or%20caretaker

• https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.irjet.net/
archives/V7/i10/IRJET-
V7I1067.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiHnqGd4tTtAhWtxzgGHVGXDgQFjAMegQICxAB
&usg=AOvVaw2JzGSBCjPftoA0t3dwLUfF

• https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.ijtrd.com
/papers/IJTRD12151.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiHnqGd4tTtAhWtxzgGHVGXDgQFjAPe
gQIBhAB&usg=AOvVaw1DdwXUxM1SkG-zIKXujuoR

• https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.oaijse.co
m/VolumeArticles/FullTextPDF/343_10.IoT_BASED_SALINE_LEVEL_MONI
TORING_SYSTEM.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwi7z4TE4tTtAhWJxDgGHedwBcMQFj
AKegQIDhAB&usg=AOvVaw1so-6Qp4RoIByxlkS3liK&cshid=1608199696867

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