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Funciones especiales Series de Fourier
+∞
A0
+ ∑ An cos( 2πn 2πn


∞ f (t) = 2 T t) + Bn Sen( T t)
t 2 −2xt Hn
e−( )=
∑ n! t n n=1
n=0 An = 2 R T /2
f (t)cos 2πn 2 R T /2
f (t)sen 2πn
FÓRMULAS PARA CIENTÍFICOS
T −T /2 T t dt Bn = T −T /2 T t dt
[`/2]
`! +∞ E INGENIEROS
H` (x) = ∑ (−1)s (2x)`−2s f (t) = ∑ Cn ei T nt ,
2π
Cn = 1 R T /2 2π
f (t) e−i T nt dt
s=0 (` − 2s)! s! n=−∞
T −T /2

H`+1 (x) = 2x H` (x) − 2` H`−1 (x)

Dr. Richard Toribio Saavedra
0 Tansformada de Fourier
H` (x) = 2` H`−1 (x) 13 de junio de 2012
+∞ 1 +∞
f (t)e−iwt dt, f (t) = 2π iwt
R R
F(w) = −∞ −∞ F(w)e dt
Z +∞
2 √ `
[H` (x)]2 e−x dx = π 2 (`)! F [ f (k) ] = (iw)k F [ f ] F [ f (t − t0 )] = F(w)e−iwt0
−∞
F [ f (t)eiwt ] = F[w − w0 ] F [ f (at)] = 1 w
|a| F( a ) Algebra vectorial y tensorial
L`+1 (x) + (x − 2` − 1)L` (x) + `2 L `−1 (x) = 0 Z +∞ Z +∞ ~A × (~B × C)
~ = ~B(~A · C)
~ − C(
~ ~A · ~B)
1 1
F(k) = √ f (x)eikx dx, f (x) = √ F(k)e−ikx dk
ex dn 2π −∞ 2π −∞ ∇ · (ψ ~A) = ∇ψ · ~A + ψ∇ · ~A
Ln (x) = [xn e−x ]
n! dxn
Z +∞ ∇ × (ψ ~A) = ∇ψ × ~A + ψ∇ × ~A
Z ∞
ik µ[x]
e−x Lm (x)Ln (x)dx = δm,n I[k] = r[x] e dx, k→∞ ∇ × (~A × ~B) = (~B · ∇)~A − (~A · ∇)~B − ~B(∇ · ~A) + ~A(∇ · ~B)
0 −∞
~A × (∇ × ~A) = 1 ∇(A2 ) − (~A · ∇)~A
2
(x−x0 )2 00
e
xz
− 1−z ∞ µ[x] = µ[x0 ] + (x − x0 )µ 0 (x 0) + 2! µ [x0 ] + · · · ∇ × ~B = α ~B (campo Beltrami)
= ∑ Lk (x)zm , |z| < 1
(1 − z)k+1 m=0 m F {δ (x)} = √1
2π
3 0 3
∑ a`k xk = x` ∑ a j` ak` = δ jk
f (x0 ) δ (x0 − x) dx0 = f (x),
R R
δ (x) dx = 1 k=1 `=1
dk
Lnk (x) = (−1)k k [Ln+k (x)] 1 R ∞ dm δ (x) m
m d f(0) ai j =
∂xj
= cos(xi , x j )
0
dx δ (bx) = |b| δ (x), −∞ f (x)dx = (−1)
dxm dxm ∂ xi0
k
(x)]0 = m Lm
k k
(x) − (m + k)Lm−1 (x) 1
δ (x2 − b2 ) = 2|b| 3
 
x[Lm δ (x + b) + δ (x − b) (b > 0) {∇ψ}α = ∂α ψ ∇ · ~F = ∑ ∂α Fα
k
(x)]00 + (k + 1 − x)[Lm
k
(x)]0 + m Lm
k α=1
x[Lm (x) = 0
3
Funciones de Green {∇ × ~F}γ = ∑ εγαβ ∂α Fβ ∂
∂ xα = ∂α
α,β =1
Transformada de Laplace 0
[z − L(~r)]G(~r,~r ; z) = δ (~r −~r )
0
R
~
R R
~ ~ = R (∇ × ~A) · d~σ
R +∞ S A · d~
σ = V ∇ · dτ Γ A · dλ S
F(s) = f (t) e−st dt G(~r,~r0 ; z) =<~r | G(z) |~r0 > G(z) = ∑n |φnz−λ
><φn | R R
V (u∇ · ∇v − v∇ · ∇u)dτ = S (u∇v − v∇u) · dσ
0 n
L [ f (k) (t)] = s L [ f (k−1) (t)] − f (k−1) (0) G∗ (~r,~r0 ; z) = G(~r0 ,~r; z∗ ), G− (~r,~r0 ; λ ) = [G+ (~r0 ,~r; λ )]∗ ds2 = ∑ h2i j dqi dq j h2i j = ∑ ∂∂ xqki ∂∂ qxkj
L [t n f (t)] = (−1)n F (n) (s) Ḡ(λ ) ≡ G+ (λ ) − G− (λ ) 1
lı́my→∞ x±y = P 1x ∓ iπ δ (x) i, j k
R T −st
L [ f (t)] = 1
0 e f (t) dt 1 ∂~r ∂ ~F
1−e−sT âi = , d~F = (d~r.∇)~F + dt
hi ∂ qi ∂t
1
Z a+i∞ n Referencias
L −1 [F(s)] = F(s)est ds = ∑ Ress=si {sst F(s)} εipq ε jpq = 2δi j εi jk ε pqk = δip δ jq − δiq δ jp
2π i a−i∞ i=1 [1] Métodos Matemáticos de la Física I y II. R. Toribio
0 3 0 3
Saavedra. FCNM-UNAC. Callao. 2010. Ti j = ∑ aik a j` T k` T j i = ∑ aik a j` T`k
L [a] = a
s, L [t n ] = ns L [t n−1 ], L [t n ] = sn+1
n!
k,`=1 k,`=1
Funciones de variable compleja Ecuaciones diferenciales N−` (x) = (−1)` N` (x)
2
ei z +e−i z ei z −e−i z ∂ 2Ψ ∂Ψ Nn (x → 0) ' π ln(x) Jn (x)
cos(z) = , sen(z) = , ∇2 Ψ + g0 ∂t 2
+ g1 ∂t + g2 Ψ = 0
2 2i
ez +e−z ez −e−z con diferentes funciones g0 , g1 y g2 . d d 2
cosh(z) = 2 , senh(z) = 2 , Jν (x) (Nν (x)) − (Jν (x))Nν (x) =
Ecuación de Sturm-Liouville: dx dx πx
cosh2 z − senh2 z = 1 q q
d d π π
∂u ∂v ∂u ∂v [p(x) un (x)] + q(x)un (x) + λn w(x)un (x) = 0 jn (x) = 2x Jn+ 1 (x) nn (x) = 2x Nn+ 1 (x)
= =− (Cauchy − Riemann) 2 2
∂x ∂y ∂y ∂x dx dx senz
Z j0 (z) = z
k! f (z) R +∞ ∗
f (k) (z0 ) = ( f , g) = −∞ f w g dt
2π i Γ (z − z0 )k+1 00
+∞ Ψ −λξ Ψ = 0 (Airy) Funciones de Legendre
f n (z0 ) 00 0
f (z) = ∑ (z − z0 )n Ψ − 2ξ Ψ + λ Ψ = 0 (Hermite) ∞
n=0 n!
00 0 g(x,t) = (1 − 2x t + t 2 )−1/2 = ∑ P` (x) t `
i ξ Ψ + (1 − ξ )Ψ + λ Ψ = 0 (Laguerre) `=0
1 dM−n h 00 0
`n = (z − z0 )M f (z) ξ 2 Ψ + αξ Ψ + β Ψ = 0 (Euler) [`/2]
(M − n)! dzM−n z=z0 (2` − 2s)!
00 0 P` (x) =
Z n ξ 2 Ψ + ξ Ψ + (ξ 2 − γ 2 )Ψ = 0 (Bessel) ∑ (−1)s 2` (` − s)! (` − 2s)! s! x`−2 s
s=0
f (z)dz = 2πi ∑ Res{ f (z), zk } 00 0
Γ k=1 (1 − ξ 2 ) Ψ − 2ξ Ψ + λ Ψ = 0 (Legendre)
(2 ` + 1)x P` (x) = (` + 1)P`+1 (x) + ` P`−1 (x)
Γ(z + 1) = z Γ(z) 0 0 0
P` (x) = P`+1 (x) − 2 x P` (x) + P`−1 (x)
Γ(x + 1) = x! x entero y positivo. Funciones de Bessel 0
(1 − x2 ) P` (x) = ` P`−1 (x) − ` x P` (x)
1,2,3...n   +∞
Γ(z) = lı́m nz . x 1
n→∞
z(z + 1)(z + 2)...(z + n) g(x,t) = exp 2 [t − t ] = ∑ J` (x) t ` P` (−x) = (−1)` P` (x)
`=−∞
∞ ∞
1 z (−1)` Pn (x) =
1 dn 2
(x − 1)n
= z eγz Jn (x) = ∑ ( 2x )n+2`
Γ(z) ∏ {(1 + n ) e−z/n } (n+`)! `! 2n n! dxn
n=1 `=0
γ es la constante de Euler-Mascheroni. J−n (x) = (−1)n Jn (x) Z
1 1 (t 2 − 1)n
2 (ν+1) Pn (z) = dt
π Jν (x) + Jν+2 (x) = x Jν+1 (x) 2n 2πi (t − z)n+1
Γ(x) Γ(1 − x) = x 6= 0, ±1, ±2, · · · 0
sen(πx) Jν−1 (x) − Jν+1 (x) = 2 Jν (x)
√ dm
2ν P`m (x) = (−1)m (1 − x2 )m/2 P` (x) (m ≥ 0)
Jν−1 (x) + Jν+1 (x) = Jν (x)
B(m + 1, n + 1) = 2

1
n!
√
lı́m
B(m + 1, n + 1) =

π
Γ(x) Γ(x + ) = 2x−1 Γ(2x)
2 2
Z

=1
n→∞ nn e−n
2πn
0

π/2
cos2m+1 θ sen2n+1 θ dθ
Z 1
0
t m (1 − t)n dt

S Z a
0
[Jν (ανm

0
Jν (x) J−ν (x) − Jν (x) J−ν (x) = −
d −`
dx
ρ 2
a

x
0
[x J` (x)] = −x−` J`+1 (x)
)] ρdρ =
a2
2

2 Sen(νπ)
[Jν+1 (ανm )]2 , ν > −1.

πx
dn
dxn
d

f (x) g(x) = ∑
Z +1
−1

n
n!
2 dP` (x) ] + [`
d [(1 − x ) dx
P`m (x) P`m0 (x)dx =

d k
k=0 k! (n − k)! dx

f (x)
k
d

dxm
n−k g(x)
dxn−k
m
(` + 1) − 1−x
2 (` + m)!

2m
2 ] P` (x) = 0
δ 0
2 ` + 1 (` − m)! ``
cos(νπ) Jν (x)−J−ν (x)
Z π
(2`)! (2` − 1)!! Nν (x) = sen(νπ) s
cos2` θ dθ = π 2` =π (x) 2` + 1 (` − m)! m
0 2 (`!)2 (2`)!! 1 Y`m (θ , ϕ) = P (cosθ ) eimϕ
Nν=n (x) ' π [ ∂ J∂νν(x) − (−1)ν ∂ J−ν
∂ ν ]ν=n
donde ` = 0, 1, 2, · · · 4π (` + m)! `
RT