Seminar “Signals and Systems 1”

Seminar Theme 2:
“Signals in the Time- and Frequency Domain”

1. Properties of Signals in Time- and Frequency Domain

2. Sampling and Quantisation of Analog Signals

N T S Overview 1
 Time domain
continuous discrete

s s

continuous

0 0

t k or k t
Analog signal Analog signal sequence
Value domain

s s
discrete

0 0

t k or k t

Signal with discrete values Digital signal

N T S Properties of Signals 2
 s(t)
A

- T2 T
2
t

∞
X
sp(t) = s(t − nT0), where T ≤ T0
n=−∞
T0
+∞
X Z2
1 2π
= cnejnω0t with cn = s(t)e−jnω0tdt, ω0 =
n=−∞ T0 T0
T0
2
T
+∞ + 20
Z Z
S(ω) = s(t) e−jωtdt = s(t) e−jωtdt
−∞ T
− 20

N T S Time- and Frequency Representation of s(t) 3

 |S(ω)|
1 A·T

ω
−3 2π
T
−2 2π
T
− 2π
T
0 2π
T
2 2π
T
3 2π
T

φ(ω)
π

π
2

−3 2π
T
−2 2π
T
− 2π
T
ω
2π
0 T
2 2π
T
3 2π
T

− π2

−π

N T S Amplitude and Phase Spectrum of s(t) 4

 s(t) Analog Signal

sa (t): Sampling
Sampled Signal
(time-discrete, value-continuous)

sd (t): Quantisation

Digital Signal
(time- und value-discrete)

N T S Sampling and Quantisation of Analog Signals 5

 s(t) sa (t)

tn = nTa

t −5Ta 5Ta
−Ta Ta t

N T S ”Ideal” Sampling of an Analog Signal 6

 s(t) sa (t) s(t)
HLP (ω)

tn = nTa S(ω)
S(ω) Sa (ω)

∞
X ∞
X
sa(t) = s(t) · δ (t − nTa) = s (nTa) δ (t − nTa)
n=−∞ n=−∞
X∞
1
Sa(ω) = · S(ω) ∗ δ(ω − nωa)
Ta n=−∞
(
Ta |ω| ≤ ωg
HLP (ω) = ,
0 else

N T S Ideal Sampler with Reconstruction Lowpass 7

 ω
Ta rect( )
ωa

|Ta Sa (ω)|
|S(ω)|

−ωa −ωa ωa ωa
0
2 2
ω

N T S Spectrum in Case of Sampling with the Nyquist Rate 8