Pragyan: Uppsc Ae 2021 Civil Engineering Test-10 Detailed Solutions

PRAGYAN
A Journey to Excellence
UPPSC AE 2021 CIVIL ENGINEERING
TEST-10 DETAILED SOLUTIONS
1. 9.
Sol. (d) Sol. (a)
2.  Uttar Pradesh’s Ghaziabad was
adjusted the second most polluted
Sol. (c)
city of the 50 ‘most polluted cities’
3. in the world in 2020 by a report
prepared by British company
Sol. (a)
Housefresh.
4.
 Ghaziabad reported an average Air
Sol. (c) Quality Index (AQI) of 2.5
particulate matter (PM) in 106.6 g/
5.
m 3 , the report said. Preceding
Sol. (b) Ghaziabad, Chinese city of Hotan
in Xinjiang province has been
6.
named the most polluted city with a
Sol. (a) PM 2.5 of 110.2 g/m3.
7.  The report attributed the air

pollution in Hotan to sandstorms
Sol. (a)
resulting from its closeness to the
8. Taklimakan Desert, which is the
largest shifting sand desert in the
Sol. (c)
world.
India’s first cryptogamic graden, with
 For Ghaziabad, the cause of
nearly 50 species of lichens, ferns fungi
pollution has been assigned to traffic
was inaugurated in Dehradun, Uttarkhand.
volumes in the “gateway” to Uttar
Cryptogamae means “hidden Pradesh.
reproduction” and cryptogamic garden
10.
has plant which bear no flowers and no
seeds. Algae, bryophytes, lichens, ferns Sol. (c)
and fungi are commonly known groups
11.
of cryptogams that require moist
conditions to survive. Sol. (c)
(2) CE (Test–10), UPPSC AE Test Series | 24th November 2021 PRAGYAN
Rajitsinh Disale, who is primary school Forests and Land Use, the pledge includes
teacher from the state of Maharashtra, has $12 billion in public funds and $7.2 billion
been awarded the most prestigious of private investement of public and
“Global Teacher Prize 2020”. private funds. A previous deal in 2014 had
failed to slow deforestation at all.
He has been conferred with the USD 1
million Global Teacher Prize, for his 15.
contribution in the field of teaching and
Sol. (b)
for injecting new ideas for girl education.
This award was constituted by Varkey The Prime Minister of India Narendra
Foundation in partnership with UNESCO. Modi recently laid foundation stones for
multiple projects worth over Rs. 180
12.
crore. He dedicated to the Nation various
Sol. (b) development projects in Kedarnath
including Garud Chatti Bridge on river
A start-up company incubated by the
Mandakini.
Kerala Startup Mission (KSUM)-Riafy
Technologies has been conferrd with four He inaujurated Shri Adi Shankaracharya
awards at a contest conducted by the Samadhi and unvelled the statue of Shri
smartphone manufacturer Huawei. Adi Shankaracharya.
The firm was formed seven years ago and 16.
emerged as a winner under the best app
Sol. (c)
and the most popular app categories of the
contest. It has become the only Indian firm Al 2 (SO 4) 3· 18H 2 O + 3Ca(HCO 3) 2 
to be in the list of winners. 3CaSO4 + 2Al(OH)3 () + 6CO2
13. Each mole of alum (mol. mass = 666) is
supposed to produce 2 moles of [Al(OH)3]
Sol. (b)
precipitate.
Union Minister of State Personnel, Public
In other words, 666 kg of alum produces
Grievances, Pensions, Dr. Jitendra Singh
2 × 78 kg of sludge precipitate as Al(OH)3.
dedicated “Sardar Patel Leadership
Centre” to the nation at Lal Bahadur 2  78
Shastri National Academy of  1 kg alum will produce =
666
Administration (LBSNAA), Mussoorie.
= 0.234 kg of sludge
This was inaugurated on the occasion of
RAshtriya Ekta Diwas, marking the bird  500 kg alum produces sludge =
0.234 × 500 = 117 kg  120 kg
anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
17.
14.
Sol. (c)
Sol. (a)
Expanded depth of filter,
In the COP26 climate summit’s first major
deal, as many as 110 world leaders
De 
1  n  D
promised to end and reverse deforestation
1  n e 
by 2030.
Named ‘Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration on
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PRAGYAN CE (Test–10), UPPSC AE Test Series | 24th November 2021 (3)
De 
1  0.5  0.6  L  20 
60
1  0.6  L
= 0.75 m  L2 – 20L + 60 = 0
18.  L = 16.32 mg/l or 3.675 mg/l
Sol. (c) Therefore, adopting the higher value, the

first stage of BOD of mixture of sewage
19. and stream is 16.32 mg/l.
Sol. (b) 23.
Anaerobic bacteria developing in this Sol. (c)
composting process consume carbon 30
to 50 times faster than nitrogen. By using electrostatic precipitator, very
small particle can be collected, dry or wet.
20.
24.
Sol. (a)
Sol. (b)
Q  4637 P 1  0.01 P  Number of air changes required per hour
= 30
where, P is population in thousand
Volume of air in the room needed to be
P = 144000 = 144 thousand
changed = 24 m3
 Q  4637 144 1  0.1 144  Total volume of air required to be changed
per hour = 24 × 30 = 720 m3/hr
= 4637 × 12[1 – 0.01 × 12]
Hence, the minimum required capacity of
= 48966.72 litre/minute the exhaust fan = 720 m3/hr
21. 25.
Sol. (b) Sol. (b)
Since there are no harmful gases evolved Height of chimney on the basis of SO2
and also compost can be used as fertilizer. emission (in kg/hr) is given by
22. h = 14(Qs)1/3
Sol. (a) h = 14(64)1/3 = 56 m

f 1
 L   D  26.
D f   f 1   f  1  0 
 C   L 
Sol. (c)
where, L = ?, DC = 5 mg/l,
Sound pressure level, dB  20log10  P 
D0 = 3 mg/l, f = 2  P0 
2 1
 L   3 P is sound pressure in N/m2
 5 2   2 1   2  1  
   L P0 is reference pressure = 2 × 10–5 N/m2
L  3 For given pressure,
  2 1  
10  L
P = 20000 bar
= 2000 N/m2
  w 
2
correction due to sag is given by ,

Sound pressure level = 20log10 
2000  24P 2
5 
 2  10  where l is the length, w is the weight per
= 160 dB unit length of the tape, and P is the pull
during measurement.
27.
W 2
Sol. (c) Correction =
24n 2 P 2
28.
Therefore, correction due to sag
Sol. (c)
30  10 
2
Two sections are hydraulically equivalent   0.0125 m

24  100 
2
when
Q1 = Q2 for full discharge condition on  Horizontal distance between
the same slope supports = 30 – 0.0125 = 29.9875 m
 Qcir = Qsq 32.
 2 Sol. (c)
D 2/3 2/3
 4 D 1 2  B 33.
  s  B   s
n 4 n 4
Sol. (b)
8/3 4
 D  B8/3 34.

 D = 1.095B  1.1B Sol. (d)
29. 35.
Sol. (d) Sol. (c)
30. 36.
Sol. (c) Sol. (a)
1 37.
Sensitivity = radius
R Sol. (a)
  206265 Position of stations in both the cases are
 seconds
R same, thus the horizontal distance
At sensitivity = 60 (calculated from different algebraic
formulae) is also same.
0.002  206265
Radius =  6.88 m 38.
60
Sol. (d)
31.
39.
Sol. (a)
Sol. (d)
The tape has a sag when supported
between the end points only. The
1 second = 15)
The place is to the east of the meridian
Standard time = Local mean time –
Difference in longitude
10h 06 m 18s = Local mean time – 1h 5 m
1  20 s
V    2.4  12  2.4 200
 2  Local mean time = 11 h 11 m 38 s
= 3456 m 3
45.
40.
Sol. (a)
Sol. (b)
  
The weight of difference is the reciprocal Apex distance = R  sec  1
 2 
of the sum of the reciprocals of individual
weights.   60  
 275  sec    1
  2  
1 6
Weight =   1.2
1 1 5  1   2 
  275   1  275   1
3 2  cos 30   3 
41.
 42.54 m
Sol. (d)
46.
The eidograph is an improved version of
Sol. (b)
the pantograph used for the same
purposes. The eidograph is more stable For a given specific energy, the discharge
and steady and gives better results. will be maximum at critical condition.
42. For rectangular channel,
Sol. (d)  q2 
1/3
E C  1.5yc  1.5   
43.  g 
Sol. (b) 2
  Q 2 
44.   
B
 1.5       2
Sol. (c)  g 
Longitudinal of the place = 94°30E Q2

 1.33
2

 2
2
Longitude of the standard meridian =  10
78°10E
 Q2 = (2.35 × 10 × 4)
Difference in longitude = 94°30 – 78°10
 Q  94 m 3/ sec  9.69 m3 / sec
= 16°20
47.
= 1 hour 5 minutes 20 seconds
Sol. (c)
(because 1 hour = 15°, 1 minute = 15 and
For triangular section, Given,
E C  1.25yc Qw = Wasted water discharge

Qd = Delivered water discharge
 1.5 = 1.25yc
Qs = Supply water discharge
 yc  1.2 m
 Qw 
Vc2 and  Q   14
Also, E C  y c   d 
2g
 Qs = (Qw + Qd)
Vc2
 1.5  1.2  = (14Qd + Qd) = 15Qd
2  9.81
Power input = Qw × hs × g
 Vc = 2.43 m/sec
= 14Qdhsg = 14 × 5 × gQd = 70 gQd
48.
Power output = 25 × gQd
Sol. (a)
 25 gQd 
C0  Efficiency () =  70 gQ  100 
 d 
V = 0.4 m/sec
= 35.71%
(Vwave ground) = (V + C0) = 4 m/sec 51.

Sol. (a)
 C0 = (4 – 0.4) = 3.6 m/sec
Power of the pump (P) = Constant
49.
 P = Qgh
Sol. (b)
 1h1 = 2h2 [ Q = constant (given)]
3
Q = 52 m /sec
 0.8  15 
 h2    8m
Hub  1.5 
D h=1m  New manometric head = 8 m
Dt = 3 m 52.
Sol. (b)
 2
Q
4

D t  Dh2  Vf  Quantity of 100% pure bleaching powder
required = 2 × 7500 × 10–3 = 15 gm
Q
 Flow velocity (Vf) =  Quantity of 25% pure bleaching powder
4
D 2t  D h2   15
required =  60 gm
52 0.25
=  8.276 m / sec

4

 32  12  53.
Sol. (c)
50.
The energy dissipation in hydraulic jump
Sol. (d)
is given by
EL 
 y2  y1 3 Specific force, F  Ay 
Q2
4y1y 2 gA
In GVF, the loss of energy is essentially


 4.4  0.4 3  9.09  9.1 m due to the boundary friction. Therefore
4  4.4  0.4
distribution of pressure in the vertical
54. direction may be taken as hydrostatic.
Sol. (d) Spatially Varied Flows (SVF) can be
steady or unsteady. In steady SVF, the
When electrical load changes depending
discharge while being steady varies along
upon the demand, the speed of the turbine
the channel length. The the flow over a
changes automatically. This is because
side weir is an example of spatially varied
external resisting torque on the shaft is
steady flow.
altered while the driving torque due to
change of momentum in the flow of fluid 57.
through the turbine remains the same. For
Sol. (d)
example, when the load is increased, the
speed of the turbine decreases and vice As air vessel is fitted on the suction side
versa. A constancy in speed is therefore of pipeline, the pump can run at a higher
maintained by adjusting the rate of energy speed without danger of separation and
input ot the turbine accordingly. that it can be placed at a greater elevation
above the water level in the sump.
This usually is accomplished by changing
the rate of fluid flow through the turbine; 58.
the flow is increased when the load is
Sol. (b)
increased and the flow is decreased when
the load is decreased. This adjustment of The specific force is minimum for a given
flow with the load is known as the discharge at critical state of flow through
governing of turbines. the channel.
55. 59.
Sol. (c) Sol. (d)
Any kinetic energy at the point of ALN
discharge of water to the tail is a waste Theoretical discharge, Q t 
60
energy so far as the turbine is concerned.

By minimizing the kinetic energy at the   0.2   0.0314 m 2
2
A
outlet, the efficiency of the system can be 4
improved. Thus it enables the turbines to L = 2r = 2 × 0.2 = 0.4 m
be set above tail water level without
appreciable loss of available head. 0.0314  0.4  60
 Qt 
60
56.
= 0.01256 m3/s  13 litres/s
Sol. (d)
60.
Specific force, F  P  M Sol. (a)

To generate required output under smaller
head, the rate of flow through the turbines
has to be higher which requires an  1  cos  

increase in the jet diameter which is turn Pelton wheel) (max) =  
 2 
requires an increase in the wheel diameter.
Therefore the machine becomes unduly For semicircular vanes,  = 180°
large, bulky and slow running. In practice,   = (180° – ) = 0°
turbines of reaction tyupes are more
suitable for smaller heads.  1  cos 0 
 max     1  100%
 2 
61.
Sol. (c) 64.
For pump, Sol. (b)
Non-dimensional specific speed For turbine
N Q P1 P2
 Ns   
 gH 
3/ 4
D12  H1  3/2
D22  H2 3/2
 1500  2  For same turbine, D1 = D2
N in rps      157.08 rps
 60 
P1 P2

1570.8 0.16   H1  3/2
 H 2 3/ 2
 Ns   0.612
 9.81  49 
3/ 4
10000 P2

62.   500 3/2
 350 3/ 2
Sol. (b)  P2 = 5856.62 kN
N P 100 4900 65.
Ns    82.23
H  35 
5/ 4 5/ 4
Sol. (d)
For Francis turbine, Ns = 60 to 300. Hydraulic jumps in horizontal rectangular
Note: Classification based on specific channel are classified into 5 categories.
speed:
Froude number Type of hydraulic jump
Name of turbine Specific speed  in rpm  1  F  1.7 Undular jump
Pelton turbine 10  35 1.7  F  2.5 Weak jump
Multiple jet Pelton 2.5  F  4.5 Oscillating jump
35  60
wheel turbine 4.5  F  9.0 Steady jump
Francis turbine 60  300 F9 Strong or choppy jump
Kaplan and
300  2000 66.
Pr opeller turbine
Sol. (a)
63.
When identical pumps are connected in
Sol. (c) parallel, the resultant discharge is
(Theoretical maximum efficiency of summation of individual discharge of
pumps while the head remains same.
67. From (i)

Sol. (c) x x
 0
68. y y
Sol. (a) xy  t  xy  x
0
y   y
A hydraulic ram is a pump which raises
water without any external power for its y  x
0
operations. One essential requirement for y   y
the satisfactory operation of ram pumps
is the availability of large quantity of water Hence, proved,
with a small positive principle used in D Aubusisson’s efficiency is greater than
pumping. Rankines efficiency.
D Aubusisson’s and Rankine’s 69.
efficiency
Sol. (b)
W = Weight of water flowing per second
into the chamber. 70.
w = Weight of water raised per second Sol. (c)
h = Height of water in supply tank above 71.

the chamber. Sol. (a)
H = Height of water raised from the 72.
chamber
Sol. (b)
D Aubusisson’s and efficiency,
 Max. power utilised 
wH Utilisation factor =  Max. power available   100
  
Wh
w  H  h  30000 
 100  75%
Rankines efficiency, R  W  w  h = 
   2  20000 
73.
For a hydraulic ram, D Aubussion’s is
efficiency always more then Rankines Sol. (b)
efficiency.
DN
Now, we see that D Aubusisson’s Tangential velocity =
60
efficiency has slightly greater numerator
and denominator.   50  1200  102
=
60
Now, by considering a mathematical
expression, if we prove = 10 m/sec.
x x 74.
 ...(i)
y y Sol. (c)
Then it is proved that slightly increased
numerator and denominator will have
greater efficiency.
4500
750
700  60
3/4 [They have Q in l/s]
 190 
 
 n 
 n = 9.7  10
75.
Sol. (c)
 N Q 
NS   
  gH 3/ 4 
 m 
Shape number in case of pumps refers to
dimensionless form of specific speed.

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PRAGYAN

7.  The report attributed the air

18.  L = 16.32 mg/l or 3.675 mg/l

Sol. (c) Therefore, adopting the higher value, the

correction due to sag is given by ,

Two sections are hydraulically equivalent   0.0125 m

 Qcir = Qsq 32.

Sol. (d) Sol. (c)

Sol. (c) Sol. (a)

42. For rectangular channel,

Longitudinal of the place = 94°30E Q2

For triangular section, Given,

E C  1.25yc Qw = Wasted water discharge

(Vwave ground) = (V + C0) = 4 m/sec 51.

In GVF, the loss of energy is essentially

has to be higher which requires an  1  cos  

67. From (i)

w = Weight of water raised per second Sol. (c)

h = Height of water in supply tank above 71.

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