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CE : CIVIL ENGINEERING
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Test No - 2 | Concrete Structures

Read the following instructions carefully

1. This question paper contains 33 MCQ’s & NAQ’s. Bifurcation of the questions is given below:
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2. Choose the closest numerical answer among the choices given.

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Multiple Choice Questions : Q.1 to Q.8 carry 1 mark each

Q.1 Deflection can be checked using the appropriate

(a) span to depth ratio (b) water to cement ratio
(c) modular ratio (d) aspect ratio

1. (a)
The vertical deflection limits may be controlled by limiting the span to depth ratio.
(a) Basic values of span to effective depth ratios for spans upto 10 m.
Cantilever 7
Simply supported 20
Continuous 26
(b) For spans > 10 m, the values in (a) may be multiplied by 10/span in meters.

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Q.2 In limit state method, spacing of main reinforcement controls primarily
(a) collapse (b) deflection
(c) durability (d) cracking

2. (d)
The IS code specifies minimum spacing of reinforcing bars to ensure that concrete can be placed easily
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in between and around the bars. Also maximum limits are specified for tension reinforcement for controlling
crack widths and improving bond.

Q.3 In limit state method, partial safety factors for steel and concrete are defined. The ratio of partial safety
factor of steel to partial safety factor of concrete is
(a) 0.77 (b) 0.85
(c) 1.00 (d) 1.15

3. (a)
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γm of steel = 1.15
γm of concrete = 1.5
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1.15
r = = 0.77
1.5
where γm is partial safety factor for material.

Q.4 Dynamic modulus of elasticity is also referred as

(a) Tangent modulus of elasticity (b) Secant modulus of elasticity
(c) Initial tangent modulus of elasticity (d) None of these
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4. (c)
Initial tangent modulus (EIT) of elasticity is modulus of elasticity of concrete at origin of stress-strain curve.
It is also known as dynamic modulus of elasticity.

Q.5 Diagonal tension failure occurs due to

(a) large shear force and lesser bending moment.
(b) large bending moment and lesser shear force.
(c) only bending moment.
(d) only shear force.

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5. (a)
Diagonal tension failure occurs due to large shear force and lesser bending moment.
It can be seen in the case of pure shear {flexure tensile stress = 0} that maximum tension occurs along the
diagonal.

τ τ τ τ

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τ τ

τ τ
45°

τ τ τ τ
EA Pure shear case

Q.6 Reason to check that nominal shear stress does not exceed maximum shear stress (τc,max) is
(a) to prevent diagonal tension failure
(b) to prevent diagonal compression failure
(c) to prevent flexural shear failure
(d) None of the above

6. (b)
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Diagonal compression failure is also called as shear compression failure. It occurs due to large shear
force and characterized by crushing of concrete which are even reinforced heavily for shear.
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Diagonal compression failure

In order to prevent diagonal compression failure IS code has indirectly imposed a limit on nominal shear
stress i.e.
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Nominal shear stress, τv ≤ τc, max

Q.7 Doubly reinforced sections are adopted when

(a) section dimensions are fixed and applied moment is greater than limiting moment of singly reinforced
section.
(b) section dimensions are not fixed
(c) sections dimensions are fixed and applied moment is less than limiting moment of singly reinforced
section
(d) None of the above

7. (a)

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Q.8 In the conventional prestressing, the diagonal tension in concrete

(a) increases (b) decreases
(c) does not change (d) may increase or decrease

8. (b)
In the conventional prestressing, the diagonal tension reduces as whole section is under compression
generally in prestressing.

Numerical Answer Type Questions : Q. 9 to Q. 16 carry 1 mark each

Q.9 The development length of bundled bars when four bars are in contact is increased by ___________ percent.

9. (33)

Q.10 The ratio of minimum reinforcement in case of mild steel in slabs to the minimum reinforcement in case of

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welded wire fabric or high strength deformed bars in slabs is ___________.

10. (1.25)

Minimum reinforcement in case of mild steel in slabs

Ratio =
Minimum reinforcement in case of welded wire fabric or high strength deformed bars in slabs
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0.15
Ratio = = 1.25
0.12

1
Q.11 The diameter of reinforcing bars should not exceed times the total thickness of the slab. Where x is
x
_____________ .
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11. (8)

Q. 12 The limiting principal tensile stress in prestress uncracked concrete member of M35 grade is
Q.12
__________ MPa.
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12. 1.42 (1.40 to 1.45)

The limiting principal tensile stress in an uncracked prestressed concrete member is given by

f t = 0.24 fck

= 0.24 35 = 1.42 MPa

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Q.13 A concrete beam of rectangular cross-section of 250 mm × 500 mm is prestressed with a force of 500 kN
at an eccentricity of 75 mm from neutral axis. The maximum compressive stress in the concrete is
____________ MPa.

13. 7.6 (7.4 to 7.8)

The maximum compressive strength in concrete is given by
P Pe
σmax = +
A Z
500 × 10 3 500 × 10 3 × 75 × 6
= +
250 × 500 250 × 500 2
= 4 + 3.6
= 7.6 N/mm2
= 7.6 MPa

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Q.14 The short-term elastic modulus of M40 concrete as per IS 456:2000 is ____________ MPa.

14. 31622.8 (31620 to 31625)

EC (elastic modulus of concrete) = 5000 fck

EC = 5000 40 = 31622.8 MPa

Q.15 The maximum strain in Fe 500 grade tension steel at the time of collapse should not be less than
_____________ × 10–3. [Assume elastic modulus of steel as 2.1 × 105 MPa]

15. 4.07 (4 to 4.1)

fy
∈steel (at collapse) = 0.002 + 0.87
Es

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500
= 0.002 + 0.87 ×
2.1 × 10 5
= 0.00407 = 4.07 × 10–3

Q.16 The dead load is 120 kN, live load is 60 kN and wind load is 150 kN. The design load for limit state of
collapse is _____________ kN.

16. (405)
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[DL + LL] × 1.5 = (120 + 60) × 1.5 = 270 kN
[DL + WL] × 1.5 = (120 + 150) × 1.5 = 405 kN
[DL + LL + WL] × 1.2 = (120 + 60 +150) × 1.2 = 396 kN
Design load is maximum of the above values.

Multiple Choice Questions : Q.17 to Q.24 carry 2 marks each

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Q.17 The ratio of factor of safety of concrete in working stress method to the partial factor of safety of concrete
in limit state method is
(a) 1 (b) 2
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(c) 3 (d) 4

17. (b)
FOS of concrete (in WSM) = 3
γmf of concrete (in LSM) = 1.5

3
=2
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Ratio =
1.5

Q.18 In the limit state method of design, for reinforced concrete beams and columns the failure criteria
adopted suits which theory best amongst these?
(a) maximum principal stress theory (b) maximum shear stress theory
(c) maximum principal strain theory (d) maximum strain energy theory

18. (c)

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Q.19 Match List-I (Exposure condition) with List-II (Site situations) and select the correct answer using the
codes given below the lists:
List-I List-II
A. Moderate condition 1. Concrete in contact with harmful chemicals
B. Severe condition 2. Concrete continuously under water
C. Very severe condition 3. Concrete submerged completely under sea water
D. Extreme condition 4. Concrete exposed to sea water spray
Codes:
A B C D
(a) 4 3 1 2
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 3 4 2 1

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(d) 3 1 2 4

19. (b)
Refer Table 3 Environmental exposure conditions.
(Clause 8.2.2.1) of IS 456 : 2000.

Q.20 The distribution of actual shear stress across the cross-section of a beam at the elastic stage is
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(a) Parabolic upto neutral axis and rectangular upto tensile reinforcement.
(b) Rectangular upto neutral axis and then parabolic upto tensile reinforcement.
(c) Uniform throughout
(d) Parabolic upto neutral axis and rectangular upto the remaining depth

20. (a)

Parabolic Straight line

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Parabolic

N A
Rectangular line Rectangular line
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At elastic stage At ultimate stage

Actual shear stress variation is not uniform across the cross-section however for simplicity in calculation
we assume constant shear stress variation across the depth given by nominal shear stress.

Q.21 Bond stress for limit state method for plain bars in tension for M20 concrete is 1.2 MPa. Bond stress for
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deformed bars in compression is

(a) 1.2 MPa (b) 1.8 MPa
(c) 2.4 MPa (d) 3.6 MPa

21. (c)
τbd used in compression for deformed bar
= τbd used in tension for plain bar × 1.25 × 1.6
= τbd used in tension for plain bar × 2
= 1.2 × 2 = 2.4 MPa

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Q.22 A wall carries an axial load of 20 kN/m and also an eccentric load of 30 kN/m at 60 mm from the central
axis of the wall. The equivalent eccentricity is
(a) 18 mm (b) 24 mm
(c) 33 mm (d) 36 mm

22. (d)
20 kN/m 30 kN/m
e=
60 mm

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20 × 0 + 30 × 60
Equivalent eccentricity, e ′ =
20 + 30
1800
= = 36 mm
50
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Q.23 The width of a beam cross-section is 300 mm and effective depth is 450 mm. The effective cover to the
reinforcement is 30 mm. The maximum possible area of compression reinforcement should not exceed
(a) 5132 mm2 (b) 5400 mm2
(c) 5760 mm 2 (d) 6220 mm2

23. (c)
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The maximum area of compression reinforcement should not exceed 0.04bD,
that is 0.04 × 300 × (450 + 30) = 5760 mm2.

Q.24 A concrete beam has cross-sectional dimensions 250 mm × 500 mm (effective depth) and reinforcement
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of grade Fe415. The minimum area of tensile reinforcement that should be provided is
(a) 116 mm2 (b) 256 mm2
(c) 312 mm 2 (d) 388 mm2

24. (b)
Ast ,min 0.85
≥
bd fy
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Ast ,min 0.85

⇒ ≥
250 × 500 415
⇒ Ast, min ≥ 256.02 mm2

Numerical Answer Type Questions : Q. 25 to Q. 33 carry 2 marks each

Q.25 Value of creep coefficient against age of loading is given below. The creep coefficient at the age of loading
of 15 days is ____________.
Age of loading 7 days 28 days 1 year
Creep coefficient (θ) 2.2 1.6 1.1

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25. 1.87 (1.8 to 1.95)

Creep coefficient at 15 days, θ15 days
2.2 − 1.6 ⎛ 15⎞
= 2.2 − × log ⎜ ⎟
⎛ 28 ⎞ ⎝ 7⎠
log ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 7⎠
= 1.87
Creep coefficient is calculated or interpolated in terms of log10 of age of loading.

Q.26 The initial setting time of test block, made with the appropriate cement and water proposed to be used
should not be less than 30 minutes and should not differ by ± __________ minutes from the initial setting
time of control test block prepared with the same cement and distilled water.

26. (30)

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Refer Cl 5.4.13 of IS 456 : 2000.

Q.27 A 2 legged 8 mm diameter HYSD bar of Fe415 grade is used as vertical shear reinforcement for a
beam of width 250 mm and effective depth 300 mm. The nearest magnitude of the spacing of
minimum shear reinforcement is _____________ mm.

27. (225)
Asv min
Bsv
=
0.4
0.87
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fy
π
2× × 82 0.4 × 250
⇒ 4 =
sv 0.87 × 415
s v = 362.97  363 mm
s v >/ 300 mm
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But
>/ 0.75 d
>/ 0.75 × 300 = 225 mm
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Thus design spacing is 225 mm.

Q.28 A rectangular beam is of size 250 mm × 350 mm (effective depth). The factored shear force acting at a
section is 100 kN. The permissible shear stress in concrete is 0.25 MPa. The design shear force resisted
by stirrups is _____________ kN.

28. 78.13 (77 to 79)

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Vu = 100 kN
0.25 × 250 × 350
Vc = τ c Bd = = 21.875 kN
1000
∴ Design shear force, Vd = Vu – Vc
= 100 – 21.875 = 78.125 kN  78.13 kN

Q.29 A beam cross-section has width and gross depth as 400 mm and 600 mm respectively. The effective
cover is 50 mm. Four bars of 20 mm diameter steel bars are provided. The grade of concrete used is M20
and grade of steel used is Fe415. The moment of resistance of the beam is _____________ kN-m.

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29. 219.4 (217 to 221)

Neutral axis depth calculation (xu)
0.36 fck bxu = 0.87 fy Ast (because compressive force = tensile force)

0.87 × 415 × 4 × 314

⇒ xu = = 157.46 mm
0.36 × 400 × 20
xu,lim = 0.48d = 0.48 × (600 – 50)
= 264 mm
xu < xu,lim
⇒ Section is under-reinforced.
MOR (moment of resistance)= 0.36fckbxu (d − 0.42xu )

= 0.36 × 20 × 400 × 157.46 × (550 − 0.42 × 157.46)

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= 219.42 × 106 N.mm
= 219.42 kN.m
Alter natively
natively,,
Alternatively

Ast fck ⎡ R ⎤
= ⎢1 − 1 − 4.598 ⎥
bd 2fy ⎣ fck ⎦

4 × 314
=
20 ⎡
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⎢1 − 1 − 4.598
2 × 415 ⎣
R ⎤
⎥
400 × 550 20 ⎦

Mu
R = = 1.817
bd 2
∴ Mu = 219.86 kNm
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Q.30 A T-beam roof section has the following particulars:

Thickness of slab : 120 mm
Width of rib : 300 mm
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Depth of beam : 550 mm

Center to center distance of beams : 3.2 m
Effective span of beam : 6.0 m
Distance between points of contraflexure : 3.8 m
The effective width of flange of the beam is _____________ mm.

30. 1653.3 (1650 to 1655)

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The effective width of flange of T-beam is

l0
bf = + bw + 6Df
6
3800
= + 300 + 6 × 120
6
= 1653.33 mm < 3200 mm (c/c distance of beams) (OK)

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Q.31 A column is of size 450 mm × 450 mm. Unsupported length of column is 3.5 m. The maximum permissible
value of minimum eccentricity so that it can be designed as an axially loaded column is _____________mm.

31. 22 (21.99 to 22.01)

Minimum eccentricity is maximum of

L B 3500 450
(i) + = +
500 30 500 30
= 7 + 15 = 22 mm
(ii) 20 mm
⇒ emin = 22 mm
For axially loaded members emin >/ 0.05 × 450
>/ 22.5 mm (OK)

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⇒ emin = 22 mm

Q.32 If a simply supported concrete beam, prestressed with a force of 3000 kN, is designed by load balancing
concept for an effective span of 10 m and to carry a total load of 80 kN/m, then the central dip of the cable
profile should be _______________ mm.

32. 333.3 (330 to 335)

Let the dip of the cable be h
EA 8Ph
Upward pressure provided by the parabolic cable =
L2
In order that this upward pressure may get fully balanced due to external loading,
8Ph
= w
L2
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8 × 3000 × h
⇒ = 80
10 2
8000
⇒ h = = 0.333 m = 333.3 mm
AD

8 × 3000
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Q.33 In a pre-stressed concrete beam section as shown in the figure, the net loss is 10% and the final pre-
stressing force applied at A is 1000 kN. The initial fiber stresses at the top of the beam was
__________ N/mm 2 .
b = 300 mm

d = 300 mm

d = 300 mm A
y = 200 mm

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33. (0)
Net loss = 10%
Final prestressing force after loss = 1000 kN
1000 kN
Hence, initial prestressing force = = 1111.11 kN
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Initial stresses at top =
0.9
P Pe
−
A z

1111.11 × 10 3 1111.11 × 10 3 × 100 × 6

= −
300 × 600 300 × 600 2
(∵ Eccentricity, e = 300 – 200 = 100 mm)
= 6.173 – 6.173
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⇒ σtop = 0 MPa


AD
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