Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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GraD
Grammar in Development
Articles
Adjectives
Adverbs
Antonyms
Synonyms
Nouns
Wh Questions
Preposition
Conjunctions
ADJECTIVES
Definition:
An adjective is describing word. It is used to tell something more about objects, people or animals
(Noun)
Examples :
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1. Words used to describe people:
Tall, short, kind, fair, ugly, fat
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5- Suzy had a very ________________ fever.
A tall
B high
C sad
D heavy
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10- Faris listens to his parents. He is polite and ________________.
A talkative
B naughty
C obedient
D rude
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1- The _________________ woman lives in a small house.
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7- plumber – repaired - pipe
9- We – went - movie
___________________________________________________________________________
ADVERBS
Definition : An adverb :
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- The soldiers fought bravely.
Examples : - Do it now.
1- Alia trains very hard. That is why she can run ____________ fast.
A much
C more
B very
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D too
2- The express bus was moving _______________ when I arrived at the bus station.
A slow
B away
C quick
D faster
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7- Amira tripped over a stone because she ran _______________ fast.
A too
B only
C how
D much
10- Ah Boon is determined to pass his UPSR. That’s why he is studying _______________ .
A hard
B never
C rarely
D seldom
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gently soon bravely never regularly
4- The pupils ate _____________________ because they were dismissed late from class.
6- Encik Zamri _____________________ smokes. He says that smoking is bad for health.
Examples :
1- She - sweetly
3- dances - gracefully
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7- girl - who - gracefully - Sarah
ANTONYMS
EXAMPLES:
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No. Antonyms
1 absent present
2 easy difficult
3 big easy
4 near far
5 clean dirty
6 east west
7 here there
8 false true
9 polite rude
10 rough smooth
EXERCISE 1:
MCQ: Choose the word that has the opposite meaning as the underlined word.
2. The twins have different taste in colour but the _______ taste in music.
A. right
B. same
C. wrong
D. unlike
3. The food and drinks at the new restaurant are very reasonable.
A. expensive
B. cheap
C. affordable
D. low-priced
4. Tony’s house is near Linda’s house but ______________ from the school.
A. far
B. next
C. close
D. opposite
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5. His grandfather has an ancient vase in his house.
A. antique
B. old
C. new
D. old-fashion
8. Rina is weak because she does not exercise. Her sister is _________ because she exercises
every day.
A. healthy
B. feeble
C. strong
D. pretty
9. After being taken care by the nurse, the sickly patient became ________________
A. lively
B. noisy
C. healthy
D. energetic
10. The weather on the hill used to be cool but now it is ______________
A. hot
B. dry
C. cold
D. warm
EXERCISE 2
3. The _____________ box is on the shelf but the big box is on the floor.
5. Be careful with this knife because it is sharp. You can hold the scissors, it is _______
6. The kind lady is loved by the children but they hate the ___________ stepmother.
7. It is dangerous to swim in the deep water so you can swim in the ___________water.
9. Govinda always visits his uncle but he ___________ sees his aunt.
10. Cikgu Murni is a generous lady. She always donates to the poor but Haji Bakhil is
e.g
1. Lisa – prepared – food – kitchen delicious tastless
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Compound : Lisa and her mother prepared some delicious food in the kitchen.
Complex : Lisa and her mother who were in their aprons prepared same delicious
food for their family in the kitchen.
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
ARTICLES
Definition:
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A and An are used when we refer to a thing for the first time or when we do not mean a
specific thing.
Examples:
1. A is used with words beginning with ‘consonant sounds’ such as a street, a diary,
2. A is used with words like uniform, European,university,union because they begin with
the consonant sound ‘Y’
4. An is also used with words like ‘hour’, ‘honest’, ‘heir’ because they begin with vowel
sounds, ‘hour’ and ‘honest’ begin with the ‘o’ sound whereas ‘heir’ begins with the ‘e’
sound.
Examples:
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‘The book over there’ refers to one specific book.
Example:
Example:
Example:
Example:
The Hilmalayan Mountains, The South China Sea, The Pahang River
Example:
the tallest girl, the most beautiful lady, the easiest questions
1. (A, The) orang utan which escaped from the zoo was recaptured.
A a
B an
C -
D the
A a
B -
C an
D the
Aa
B–
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C an
D the
A a
B–
C an
D the
A A
B An
C–
D The
A a
B -
C an
D the
A a
B -
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C an
D the
A -
B a
C an
D the
A -
B a
C an
D the
A a
B an
C -
D the
SENTENCE CONSTRUCTIONS
Complex - Ali who is my classmate has a new watch and also an expensive wallet.
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7. –cats –mice –kitchen
8. Zarina- necklace-ring
CONJUNCTIONS
DEFINITION : A conjunction is a linking word. We use conjunctions to join words, phrases and
sentences together.
EXAMPLES :
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and but although so therefore
if because either..........or neither.........nor or
6. Choose one of the two. You can _______________ take this one ______________ that
one.
A. either, or
B. neither, nor
C. either, nor
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D. neither, or
8. _______________ the boys were tired, they continued to climb up the mountain.
A. so
B. but
C. although
D. therefore
9. ___________ Jenny __________ Yoke Chen wants to mop the floor. They both dislike
housework.
A. either, nor
B. neither, nor
C. either, or
D. neither, or
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1. The boys enjoyed the match ________________ the girls did not.
6. Those wild animals are dangerous _____________ nobody is allowed to feed it.
8. You can have _________ milo __________ horlick. You cannot have both.
Construct sentences.
1. Ali – Abu – canteen (and)
__________________________________________________________________
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2. Zali – thin – brother – fat (but)
__________________________________________________________________
NOUNS
Nouns are words which name persons, animals, places, objects and ideas.
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They walk to school yesterday.
Nouns
Countable
and
uncountable
Gender
i Nouns that stand for one person, thing, animal or place are called singular nouns.
ii Nouns that stand for more than one person, thing, animal or place are called plural nouns.
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Examples :
Singular Plural
eraser erasers
bus buses
mango mangoes
fly flies
a. Adding “ s ”
hen hens
cinema cinemas
table tables
barber barbers
brush brushes
glass glasses
bush bushes
watch watches
fox foxes
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radio radios photo photos
j. Some nouns use the same word for both singular and plural
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l. Adding “ e ” or “ en ”
Examples :
Examples :
Examples :
many tables
Examples :
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a little dust a large amount of flour
v Words which can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns are :
Examples :
Gender of nouns
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iii Gender in grammar comes under four headings.
Gender
of
nouns
3. Commongender 4. Neutergender
Proper Nouns
Examples :
People – Razak
Possessive Nouns
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The cover of the pan.
The noun ‘ pan ’ is non living. The words ‘ of the ’ are used with such nouns to
show possession.
Examples :
Examples :
tigers’ girls’
Examples :
Collective Nouns
i They are nouns which refer to collections or groups of persons, things or animals.
Examples :
Animals : Objects :
People : Plants :
Abstract Nouns
i Abstract nouns are names of things we cannot see or touch ( quantities, conditions,
actions and
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ideas. )
Examples :
The owner claims the car was being used without his knowledge.
Compound words
i Two words of different meaning when combine together to form a new word with
new meaning.
Examples :
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kingdom sickness advice marriage
In the castle, there lived a king and a queen. They were happy to have a beautiful princess.
Their happiness did not last long. The princess felt sick. Her ____________ could not be
cured. His Prime Minister advised him to bring the princess to a jungle. The king followed his
____________.
In the jungle they met with a hungry wolf. It was weak with ____________. The princess
gave the wolf some food and kiss it on its head. The wolf was actually a prince. Immediately
he was free from his spell. He gained his ____________ and repaired the princess
____________ by curing her of her ____________. They then got married and live happily
ever after. The bad witch was very angry with their ____________ and ran away to another
____________.
1- Mother arranged the flowers in the _____________ and put it on the table.
A basin
C sink
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B vase
D pail
2- The gardener is cutting the long grass along the fence with a ____________.
A pliers
B spade
C rake
D sickle
5- The scouts put their food and clothes in their ______________ and carry them on their
backs.
A luggage
B tents
C knapsacks
A spectacles
B gloves
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C sneakers
D earrings
9- The firemen joined the hose to the ___________ to get water to put out the fire.
A tap
B hydrant
C kettle
D sink
10- The ____________ is the hard part of the foot of certain animals like cows.
A heel
B hoof
C claw
2. Look at the map carefully. Describe your camping trip to your friends. Underline the correct
nouns to complete your description. Rewrite the story.
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On the 25th of March, I went on a camping ( journey / trip / walks ) with my
( team / classmates / cat ). We left our ( house / schools / school ) at 8 a.m. and walk through a
( parks / jungles / jungle ).
At 10.15 a.m., we reached ( Pak Tam’s Orchard / Mek Long’s Nursery / the orchards ).
We met ( Pak Long / Pak Long’s / Pak Longs’ ) we ate some ( fruit / fruits / foods ) and rested.
11.30 a.m. we swam for about an hour. We camped there and cooked ( sardines / woods / fruits )
for lunch.
After lunch, we rested and played some ( game / games / firewood ). The next day, we
packed our ( house / thing / things ) and started our journey back at 9 a.m. We walked through a
( oil palm estates / paddy fields / rubber estate ) and reached ( home / house / homes ) about 11.40
a.m.
A Picnic Trip
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PREPOSITION
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DEFINITION:
They are usually used before nouns or pronouns. They show position, direction and time.
after, in, under, into, of, on, to, up, upon, with, between, by, down, above, over, from, for,
during, before, across, against, behind, since, until, about, at, through, till
EXAMPLE:
1. I went to her house on Friday.
2. My brother has come home from school.
3. Your uncle walks to the post office.
4. Kamal and Taufiq share their money among themselves.
5. The monkeys are climbing up the tree.
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A in front of
B along
C among
D across
5- Marianti could not find the umbrella because it was _____________ the door.
A under
B behind
C between
D across
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A in
B at
C on
D during
7. If you walk ____________ this road, you will reach the market.
9. The little boy is playing hide and seek. He is lying __________ the bed.
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Examples :
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7- My grandfather – walks – park – evening (around)
PRONOUNS
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Table of Pronouns
(Subject) (Object)
Yourselves
It It Its - Itself
Definition:
Personal Pronouns
- A Personal Pronoun is used to replace the names of people, animals, plants or objects.
- They are used as subjects or objects.
- Personal Pronouns (Subject) are normally located at the beginning of the sentences while
Personal Pronouns (Object) are normally located after verbs and prepositions.
Possessive Pronouns
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- Possessive Pronouns show ‘belonging’. They replace possessive noun phrases. They are
normally located at the beginning or at the end of the sentences.
Possessive Adjectives.
- Possessive Adjectives are used to show possession. They must be followed by nouns.
Reflexive Pronouns
- Reflexive Pronouns are used to show that action is done by the doer (subject) on himself /
herself.
Demonstrative Pronouns
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They She We It I you
1. Mrs Leong is going to the market. _______ wants to buy some vegetables.
4. " ________ am going camping next week," Mina tells her friend, Azrina.
6. " I dropped by your house yesterday. _______ were not in," said Leela.
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A. hers B. mine C. your
A. us B. hers C. me
8. The skirt ____________ looked nice but it was too loose for her.
9. My parents are going to Lembah Bujang next week. ________ are visiting my aunt there.
A They B I C We D Them
10. Athirah reminded Faris to bring the dictionary but _______ still forgot to do so.
4- Tan and Peter play congkak under the big shady tree. ( They )
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7- The children are playing football at the playground. ( They )
10- My friend and I are swimming in the river behind our house. ( We )
SYNONYMS
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Definition:
Examples :
Catch Capture
Animal Beast
Big Large
Correct Right
Close Shut
Conversation Talk
Bright Shining
Blank empty
Old Ancient
Thief Burglar
Exercise 1 – Choose the word that has the same meaning as the word in bold.
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B bottom
C side
Exercise 2 – Replace the word in the bracket with the same meaning.
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1- Faris is a ______________________ boy. ( intelligent )
WH Questions
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Definition: Question words are words that begin questions. They are what, when, how,
whose, whom, who, where, why and which.
3- How is used to ask about people, event, amount, number and the way things are done.
9- Which is used to ask about people, animals and things but of a limited choice.
Examples : - Which one is your son? The boy with a red cap.
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A Who
C Whose
B Which
D Whom
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DePic
Describing Pictures
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DePic – Describing pictures
3. A woman is talking.
1. Siti who has a pony tail is riding her bicycle with her younger sister, Sarah.
2. Some pupils who are wearing their school uniforms are walking back from school.
3. Puan Maznah who is wearing a headscarf is talking to Mrs.Raja near the car.
4. Peter who has a small towel around his neck is jogging with his friend, Sam around the
neighbourhood.
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DePic - Exercise 1
1.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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DePic - Exercise 2
1.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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DePic - Exercise 3
1.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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DePic - Exercise 4
1.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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DePic - Exercise 5
1.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5.____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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ISi
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Isi – Ideas and Supporting Ideas
school
students
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(a) You want to buy a book. Based on the information given, which book would you
buy ?
( 2 – 3 marks )
[4 - 5 marks]
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Isi – Exercise 1
Fare RM 100 RM 25 RM 20
toilet, television
Facilities radio toilet, café, television
Idea
Supporting
Ideas
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a) You would like to visit your grandparents in Ipoh. Which form of transport would you
choose to go to Ipoh? Give reasons for your choice.
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Isi – Exercise 2
Number of
22 players 10 players 2 or 4 players
players
Time to play
5.00 p.m.-7.00 p.m. 5.30 p.m.-6.30 p.m. 4.30 p.m.-5.30 p.m.
Idea
Supporting
Ideas
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2.(b) You want to join for a game. Based on the information given, which game would you
choose ? Give reasons for your choice.
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Isi – exercise 3
Campsite provided,
Picnic huts available, No accommodation,
chalets and restaurant
Facilities No accommodation KFC outlet available
available
Idea
Supporting
Ideas
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(a) Your family planned to go for a family outing. Based on the information given,
which place would you suggest to them?Give reasons for your choice.
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ISi – Exercise 4
Type of
beef chicken tuna fish
Meat
Idea
Supporting
Ideas
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(b) You and your family are going for lunch. Which meal would you choose ?
Give reasons for your choice.
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StraW
Strategic Writing
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PRESENT TENSE
Examples:
Sub-table:
I am have do walk
You are have do walk
Ali
Siti
He is has does walks
She
The boy
Ali and Siti
They
are have do walk
We
The boys
It is have does walks
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4. Rozy and her sister_____________ their homework at night.
A. has
B. have
C. do
D. does
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EXERCISE 2. CONSTRUCT SENTENCES
e.g
Farah – dishes – kitchen
7- athletes – stadium
___________________________________________________________________
WRITING SENTENCES
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SAMPLE ANSWER
Ameer is twelve years old. His mother holds a party for him. She wants to
celebrate her son’s birthday.
Ameer invites his friends and relatives to his party. His neighbours also come
to the party. They bring presents for him.
There are also many kinds of food on the table in the living room. Ameer’s
mother bakes a cake. There are twelve candles on it. Ameer blows the candles. His
friends sing a birthday song for him. Then, they play games. Ameer enjoys his
birthday party very much. It is an enjoyable party.
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Today, Ameer is twelve years old. His mother, Puan Zurina holds a
surprise birthday party for him. She wants to celebrate her beloved son’s twelfth
birthday. She decorates the living room with colourful ribbons and balloons.
Ameer’s brother and sister help her to clean the house.
Ameer invites his friends from his school and relatives to come to his
birthday party. His neighbours also come to the party. Some of them walk to his
house. Some cycle while the others are sent by their parents by cars and
motorcycles. Ameer is very happy to see his guests. The guests bring many
presents for him. They are wrapped in colourful wrapping papers. His eyes are
glowing when he sees the presents. Ameer welcomes his guests and invites
them into his house.
Puan Zurina prepares many kinds of food and they are put on a big dining
table in the living room. There are sweet cakes, fried noodles, puddings and
carbonated drinks. His mother also orders a few buckets of fried chickens.
Ameer’s mother bakes a big, round chocolate cake for him too. There are twelve
colourful candles on it. Ameer blows the candles excitedly. His friends sing a
birthday song for him. Then, they play games happily. Ameer enjoys his
birthday party very much. It is an enjoyable party and a memorable one.
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early – morning – air – fresh – exercise - friends – jog – run – brother – cycles -
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Exercise 4 : Write a short story about the pictures.
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- forest – camping – river – scouts –twigs – fire - sparks – leaves – spreads – bushes –
cook fetch – river -
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PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Definition.
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10- Maizatul ______________ a letter to her friend.
A am writing
B are writing
C is writing
D writing
Exercise 2 – Fill in the blanks with suitable answers. (Present Continuous Tense)
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3- He_________________in the park.
4- It ________________the mouse.
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2- mother – flowers - garden
6- I - picnic - beach
______________________________________________________________________________
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9- Ali – breakfast - school
______________________________________________________________________________
Jerry and his family are preparing for Christmas. His sister is decorating the tree
with lights. Jerry is wiping the windows. His father is mopping the floor while his mother is
arranging the flowers. The house is clean and beautiful. They are enjoying themselves.
Jerry go shopping to buy clothes and presents.
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Suggested answer - intermediate story.
Christmas is just around the corner. Jerry and his family are busy preparing for the
celebration. Jerry’s sister is decorating the Christmas tree with lights. Jerry’s is wiping the
windows. His father is mopping the floor while his mother is arranging the flowers in the
vase.
At the end of the day, the house is clean and beautiful. Everyone is happy and
looking forward to Christmas Day.
Jerry and his family go to the shopping centre. They want to buy new clothes and
presents.
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Exercise 5 – writing – construct good sentences to form a story (simple sentences)
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THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Definition :
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I cycled walked tried saw put
You cycled walked tried saw put
4- Faris ______________ his car to work with his friend a few minutes ago.
A driven
B driving
C drove
D drive
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B helps
C helped
D helping
8- When Assyifa’ _____________the windows she saw dark clouds and strong wind
blowing.
9- Faris ____________ the boy into her house to wait for her parents.
10- The two buses ____________ outside waiting to take them to the campsite.
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3- They – sat - porch
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9- We – went - movie
a) b) c)
Fahim and his friends played football in the field near their village. While they were playing
one of his friends kicked the ball hard and it fell into the bushes. They ran to get the ball. They
looked everywhere but could not find it. They were shocked when they saw the ball landed on the
python. The python was very big.
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Fahim ran back quickly to the village. He told a few villagers about the incident. One of the
villagers called the firemen to help them to catch the python. The firemen came and caught the
python easily with their equipments because its stomach was full. The villagers praised and
thanked the boys for their quick action.
Fahim, Syafiq and Eddy are bosom friends. Last Sunday, they went to practise for the Inter-
school football match in the village field. They believed that practice makes perfect.
While they were playing, one of the boys kicked the ball hard and it flew high up in the air
and fell into the bushes. Syafiq ran as fast as lightning to get the ball. He looked high and low for
the ball in the bushes but could not find it. So he called his friends to join in the search.
When the boys reached a hedge of the bushes, they were shocked when they saw that the ball
had landed on a large python. The python did not move an inch. The boys were just a few inches
away from it. In the twinkling of an eye, Fahim ran back to the village. He told Encik Ramlee the
headman about the incident. Encik Ramlee called the firemen to catch the python.
A few minutes later, a team of firemen came with their equipments to catch the python. They
managed to catch it easily as its stomach was full. The python had just eaten a goat which had
missing from Pak Maun’s farm. Now they knew who the thief was. The villagers praised and
thanked the boys for their quick action. The boys were very happy because they had done a good
deed.
a) b) c)
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PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Definition.
10- To describe an action which was happening at a certain time in the past.
Example : - She was sleeping in the bed yesterday.
11- To describe a past action which was going on when something happened.
Example : - The boy was eating when he heard the sound.
- While I was walking, the dogs chased me.
- My father called me as I was helping my mother .
12- To show two actions performed at the same time in the past.
- The pupils were reading when the teacher entered the classroom.
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- While we were working, Samli was sleeping.
I was
You were
Ali
Siti
He was
She
walking in the park.
The boy
Ani and Siti
They
were
We
The boys
It was
Exercise 1 – Circle the correct answer
1- The man ____________ the cat which was drowning in the drain yesterday.
A were
C is saving
B are saving
D was saving
2- While Steven _______________ the picture, his mother called him for dinner.
A were painting
B was painting
C painted
D paints
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D is treating
5- You ______________ your homework when I came to your house last night.
A were doing
B was doing
C is doing
D do
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9- The sheep _______________ and jumping on the road when I shouted at them.
A were running
B are running
C is running
D ran
Exercise 2 – Fill in the blanks with suitable answers. (past continuous tense)
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5- I _____________________ in fear when I saw the big snake.
8- Everybody _____________________ patiently to buy the food at the canteen just now.
9- My father _____________________ his car to his office with his friend yesterday.
Examples :
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3- He - searching - information - internet - last night
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9- birds - which - flying - tree - pigeons
I have a friend. His name is Saufi. He is twelve years. He lives in Kampung Sentosa. He is
an active boy.
Yesterday, he was playing badminton with his friends near his house. His friends were
Chua, Gopal and Zaki. They were playing happily near Saufi’s house.
While they were playing, Saufi accidentally smashed his racquet onto his friend’s head.
His friend, Gopal was crying in pain.
While Gopal was crying, Saufi’s mother came to treat his injury. Saufi felt sorry for
Gopal. It was an unforgettable memory in Saufi’s life.
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example - compound and complex sentences.
I have a friend. His name is Saufi. He is twelve years. He lives in Kampung Sentosa. He is
an active boy.
Yesterday, he was playing badminton with his friends near his house. His friends were
Chua, Gopal and Zaki. They were playing happily at their homemade badminton court which.
While they were playing, Saufi accidentally smashed his racquet onto his friend’s head.
His friend, Gopal was crying in pain. Saufi tried to help him but he was afraid of the blood
coming out from Gopal’s head.
While Gopal was crying, Saufi’s mother who was seating on a nearby bench came to treat
his injury. His mother advised them to play safely and carefully in the future. Saufi felt sorry for
Gopal and asked him for his forgiveness. It was the most unforgettable memory in their life.
a) b) c)
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Exercise 5 – writing – construct good sentences to form a story. (compound and complex
sentences)
a) b) c)
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