Design Thinking Course

DAY
5
Dharam Mentor
Brand Mentor | Author | Educator: Design thinking for Emotional
Innovation | Master’s in Branding, University of the Arts London |
Founder ‘Good Design thinking is Good Business’

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Design Thinking Course
Day 1 Introduction—What is
Design thinking
+ Introduce the author Dharam Mentor
+ Introduce the Design thinking
+ Design thinking - three types of Innovations

Day 2 Empathize—Research Your

Users’ Needs.
+ Observation Plan & Techniques
+ Interview Plan & Techniques
+ Empathy Mapping

Day 3 Define—State Your Users’

Needs and Problems.
+ Clustering thoughts
+ Organizing Data on system LATCH

Day 4 Ideate—Challenge
Assumptions and Create
+ Brainstorming Techniques
+ 27 Sutras of Ideation
Ideas.

Day 5 Prototype & Test—Create

and try Your Solutions Out.
+ Testing Prototypes Mockup with TG
+ Testing Your Concept/mood with TG
#dharammentor
Day 5 Prototype & Test—Create
and try Your Solutions Out.
+ Testing Prototypes Mockup with TG
+ Testing Your Concept/mood with TG
#dharammentor
Day 5 Prototype & Test—Create
and try Your Solutions Out.
+ Testing Prototypes Mockup with TG
+ Testing Your Concept/mood with TG
#dharammentor
Design thinking Process:

FIVE STAGES
DESIGN THINKING
PROCESS Iterative Process

Empathize Define Ideate Prototype Test

Empathize Define Ideate Prototype Test

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Design Thinking Process: Prototype ?
A prototype is an early sample created to
test a concept.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype ?
A prototype is an early sample created to
test a concept.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype ?

PLAY VIDEO
#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype ?
A prototype is an early sample created to
test a concept.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype ?
A prototype is an early sample created to
test a concept.

PLAY VIDEO
#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype ?
A prototype is an early sample created to
test a concept.

PLAY VIDEO
#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype
What is a prototype?

1) A prototype is an early sample created to test a concept.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype
What is a prototype?

1) A prototype is an early sample created to test a concept.

2) The prototypes created in the design process are meant to evaluate

your assumptions’ accuracy.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype
What is a prototype?

1) A prototype is an early sample created to test a concept.

2) The prototypes created in the design process are meant to evaluate

your assumptions’ accuracy.

3) Many designers make prototypes to test their design ideas before

investing in the final production.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype
What is a prototype?

1) A prototype is an early sample created to test a concept.

2) The prototypes created in the design process are meant to evaluate

your assumptions’ accuracy.

3) Many designers make prototypes to test their design ideas before

investing in the final production.

4) In a nutshell, the ideas are brought to life and can be experienced.

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Design Thinking Process: Prototype
Why is prototyping so crucial in the design process?

1) Usually, good designers create a solution with the

end-user in mind. Prototyping helps them to test their
conviction.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype
Why is prototyping so crucial in the design process?

1) Usually, good designers create a solution with the

end-user in mind. Prototyping helps them to test their
conviction.

2) With a prototype, a designer can test their idea

with users and see what’s working and what isn’t.

#dharammentor
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 Design Thinking Process: Prototype
2 Types of prototyping

Low-fidelity prototyping High-fidelity prototyping

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Design Thinking Process: Prototype
Low-fidelity prototyping

1) Low-fidelity prototyping can be regarded as the more

basic form

2) Only incorporate a few of the final product’s

features.

3) Low-fidelity prototypes most often won’t be made

of the same material as the finished product. Instead,
they’ll be made of wood, paper, or plastic.

4) Low-fidelity prototypes are cheaply and quickly

made or just visualized how the end product looks.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype
Low-fidelity prototyping

1) Low-fidelity prototyping can be regarded as the more

basic form

2) Only incorporate a few of the final product’s

features.

3) Low-fidelity prototypes most often won’t be made

of the same material as the finished product. Instead,
they’ll be made of wood, paper, or plastic.

4) Low-fidelity prototypes are cheaply and quickly

made or just visualized how the end product looks.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype
Low-fidelity prototyping

1) Low-fidelity prototyping can be regarded as the more

basic form

2) Only incorporate a few of the final product’s

features.

3) Low-fidelity prototypes most often won’t be made

of the same material as the finished product. Instead,
they’ll be made of wood, paper, or plastic.

4) Low-fidelity prototypes are cheaply and quickly

made or just visualized how the end product looks.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype
Low-fidelity prototyping

1) Low-fidelity prototyping can be regarded as the more

basic form

2) Only incorporate a few of the final product’s

features.

3) Low-fidelity prototypes most often won’t be made

of the same material as the finished product. Instead,
they’ll be made of wood, paper, or plastic.

4) Low-fidelity prototypes are cheaply and quickly

made or just visualized how the end product looks.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype
Low-fidelity prototyping
Examples of low-fidelity prototypes:
+ Storyboarding
+ Sketching

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype
Low-fidelity prototyping

Advantages of low-fidelity prototypes

+ Anyone can make a low-fidelity prototype regardless of experience level
+ Quick and Cheap
+ Can modify them very quickly
+ Easily disposable
+ A designer can see a whole overview of the solution with minimal effort
+ It is not a resource-heavy activity

Disadvantages of low-fidelity prototypes

+ Not realistic and very basic
+ Prototypes lack the look or feel of the final product; hence they may lack
validity
+ The designer would probably have to explain certain parts of the
feature.

#dharammentor
 Design Thinking Process: Prototype
2 Types of prototyping

Low-fidelity prototyping High-fidelity prototyping

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype
High-fidelity prototyping

1) High-fidelity prototypes look much closer to the

final product.
(An example of a high-fidelity prototype could be a 3D
plastic model that has moving parts and allows the users
to feel the product’s function)

2) This would give the user a closer experience with

the final product than, let’s say, a paper mockup.
(As for software prototypes, a depiction of the product
made in Sketch or Adobe Illustrator would be considered
high-fidelity rather than a storyboard)

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype
High-fidelity prototyping

1) High-fidelity prototypes look much closer to the

final product.
(An example of a high-fidelity prototype could be a 3D
plastic model that has moving parts and allows the users
to feel the product’s function)

2) This would give the user a closer experience with

the final product than, let’s say, a paper mockup.
(As for software prototypes, a depiction of the product
made in Sketch or Adobe Illustrator would be considered
high-fidelity rather than a storyboard)

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype
High-fidelity prototyping
Examples of High-fidelity prototypes:
+ 3D Printed Mock up
+ Mock up with real materials

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype
Advantages of high-fidelity prototypes

+ High-fidelity prototypes bring a closer experience with the final product,

making it more engaging for the user.

+ Users can probably navigate the product alone without needing a step-
by-step explanation from the developer.

+ The closer the prototype is to the finished product, the more confidence
the developer can have about how users will react to the final product.

Disadvantages of high-fidelity prototypes

+ They take longer to produce and the costs involved

#dharammentor
 Design Thinking Process: Prototype
For example, in the Car Design:
Both prototype options are often used on the same product, with low-
fidelity prototypes for the beginning stages and high-fidelity prototypes
towards the end.

LOW-FIDELITY HIGH-FIDELITY
PROTOTYPES PROTOTYPES

#dharammentor
 Design Thinking Process: Prototype
For example, in the Car Design:
Both prototype options are often used on the same product, with low-
fidelity prototypes for the beginning stages and high-fidelity prototypes
towards the end.

LOW-FIDELITY HIGH-FIDELITY
PROTOTYPES PROTOTYPES

#dharammentor
 Design Thinking Process: Prototype
For example, in the Car Design:
Both prototype options are often used on the same product, with low-
fidelity prototypes for the beginning stages and high-fidelity prototypes
towards the end.

LOW-FIDELITY HIGH-FIDELITY
PROTOTYPES PROTOTYPES

#dharammentor
 Design Thinking Process: Prototype
For example, in the Car Design:
Both prototype options are often used on the same product, with low-
fidelity prototypes for the beginning stages and high-fidelity prototypes
towards the end.

LOW-FIDELITY HIGH-FIDELITY
PROTOTYPES PROTOTYPES

#dharammentor
 Design Thinking Process: Prototype
For example, in the Car Design:
Both prototype options are often used on the same product, with low-
fidelity prototypes for the beginning stages and high-fidelity prototypes
towards the end.

LOW-FIDELITY HIGH-FIDELITY
PROTOTYPES PROTOTYPES

#dharammentor
8 Common Ways to Prototype

#dharammentor
Eight common ways to prototype

2 Storyboards
3 Sketches and Diagrams
1 Paper Interfaces

Eight
common ways to 4 Lego prototypes
prototype
8 User-Driven Prototypes

5 Role-Playing
7 Wizard of Oz Prototypes 6 Physical Models

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Eight common ways to prototype
1 Paper Interfaces
The use of paper in interface design provides a more
holistic experience by allowing the user to interact with
multiple sheets at once and gives them greater insight
into their object.

PLAY VIDEO
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Eight common ways to prototype
2 Storyboards
The storyboard process allows you to guide users
through the entire user experience cheaply and
efficiently.

#dharammentor
Eight common ways to prototype
3 Sketches and Diagrams
Sketching out an idea is a great way to take your
creative process from the initial stages all the way
through prototype-building. You can test out different
designs without spending too much energy or time on
one specific design, which will make it easier when you
decide what works best!

#dharammentor
Eight common ways to prototype
4 Lego prototypes
Utilizing lego can be particularly helpful in creating a
prototype. It’s versatile and capable of sparking the
imagination. In addition, it’s easy, cheap, and can be put
together and taken apart in no time at all.

#dharammentor
Eight common ways to prototype
5 Role-Playing
Role-playing by re-enacting scenes and situations you
are attempting to improve can help the team to get a
better understanding of what is working and what isn’t.

#dharammentor
Eight common ways to prototype
6 Physical Models
The physical model brings the two-dimensional into
three dimensions, allowing for much stronger user
testing. In addition, it sparks discussion on form factor
solutions and how they work or don’t work in real-life
situations.

#dharammentor
Eight common ways to prototype
7 Wizard of Oz Prototypes
The Wizard of Oz prototypes is illusory-based, meaning
they’re fake and save time but give the same effect as a
finished product.

#dharammentor
Eight common ways to prototype
8 User-Driven Prototypes
Instead of building a prototype to test on users
- designers will ask users to create something
prototypes.

#dharammentor
 Eight common ways to prototype

2 Storyboards
3 Sketches and Diagrams
1 Paper Interfaces

Eight
common ways to
prototype
4 Lego prototypes

8 User-Driven Prototypes

7 Wizard of Oz Prototypes 6 Physical Models 5 Role-Playing

#dharammentor
Day 5 Prototype & Test—Create
and try Your Solutions Out.
+ Testing Prototypes Mockup with TG
+ Testing Your Concept/mood with TG
#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Testing
What is a user test?

1) User testing refers to the method used in the design

thinking process which evaluates the product, feature,
or prototype with an end-user.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Testing
What is a user test?

1) User testing refers to the method used in the design

thinking process which evaluates the product, feature,
or prototype with an end-user.

PLAY VIDEO
#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Testing
What is a user test?

1) User testing refers to the method used in the design

thinking process which evaluates the product, feature,
or prototype with an end-user.

2) Usability testing is essential for many reasons. The

most important is that it allows the design team to see
where the product is flawed to address the problem
before the final launching of it.

3) In the user test, the designer observes, asks

questions, and takes notes while the user carries out
the task.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Testing
What is a user test?

1) User testing refers to the method used in the design

thinking process which evaluates the product, feature,
or prototype with an end-user.

2) Usability testing is essential for many reasons. The

most important is that it allows the design team to see
where the product is flawed to address the problem
before the final launching of it.

3) In the user test, the designer observes, asks

questions, and takes notes while the user carries out
the task.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Testing
Why do we need to usability test?

1) User-testing gives you useful and valuable insights

from your users regarding why and how they will use
your product.

2) You will better understand who your users really

are and what they want to accomplish through using
your product.

3)The user test session will be an invaluable

opportunity for designers to get real-life feedback
from their users.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Testing
Why do we need to usability test?

1) User-testing gives you useful and valuable insights

from your users regarding why and how they will use
your product.

2) You will better understand who your users really

are and what they want to accomplish through using
your product.

3)The user test session will be an invaluable

opportunity for designers to get real-life feedback
from their users.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Testing
Why do we need to usability test?

1) User-testing gives you useful and valuable insights

from your users regarding why and how they will use
your product.

2) You will better understand who your users really

are and what they want to accomplish through using
your product.

3)The user test session will be an invaluable

opportunity for designers to get real-life feedback
from their users.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Testing
Conducting a user test; keep the goal in mind that:

+ To fix if there are any flaws and further strengthen

the product for an overall better user experience.

+ To save time and money for the firm by being

able to resolve issues before the expensive part of the
process, like the final manufacturing of the product.

+ Cross correct the assumptions made while

designing the product.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Testing
Conducting a user test; keep the goal in mind that:

+ To fix if there are any flaws and further strengthen

the product for an overall better user experience.

+ To save time and money for the firm by being

able to resolve issues before the expensive part of the
process, like the final manufacturing of the product.

+ Cross correct the assumptions made while

designing the product.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Testing
Conducting a user test; keep the goal in mind that:

+ To fix if there are any flaws and further strengthen

the product for an overall better user experience.

+ To save time and money for the firm by being

able to resolve issues before the expensive part of the
process, like the final manufacturing of the product.

+ Cross correct the assumptions made while

designing the product.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Testing
Best practices for user testing
1 The prototype
+ It’s important to keep in mind that the prototype is what you are testing and not
the user.
+ In usability testing, the user is always right - (if something is too complicated
or not working well - don’t grow frustrated with the user but understand that the
product or service lacks intuitive design).

2 How do you observe and note feedback

+ Make sure that you are not disturbing the user’s flow with the prototype.
+ Find a way to collect feedback without interrupting the user

3 How you interact with the user

+ Make sure that you give the user some context - it’s crucial the user feels in the
loop and isn’t left totally in the dark.
+ Be aware not to overexplain.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Testing
Guidelines plan for user testing:

1) Let your users compare alternatives

Prototype selected your ideas with slight variations and have users test
them. So you’ll get insight into what works right.

2) Avoid over-explaining
Do not over-explaining how the prototype works. Instead, give enough
context so the user is in sync with the subject.

3) Ask users to talk about the experience

When users observe the prototype, ask them to say what they are thinking
out loud to see how their mind is working. Further, it will help you evaluate
the efficacy of the solution you are testing with the prototype.

4) Observe
Observe how users either “correctly” or “incorrectly” use the product -
and resist the urge to correct them!

5) Ask follow up questions

Ask a lot of questions to the user so everything feels clear on both ends.

#dharammentor
Design Thinking Process: Prototype/Testing

PLAY VIDEO

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In Sum:

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In Sum:

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In Sum:

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Thank you

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