“Bio Battery”

PROJECT REPORT
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Electronic And Communication Engineering
Submitted to
Visvesvaraya Technological University
Belagavi, Karnataka, 590 014
Submitted By:
Rohit.R.Kamalapur 2KE19EC412

Under the Guidance of

Prof.Chetan V S
Department of Electronics And Communication Engineering

K. L. E. SOCIETY’S
K. L. E. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
HUBBALLI
2021-2022

(NBA Accredited)

K. L. E. SOCIETY’S
K. L. E. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electronics and

Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE
(Prof.Chetan V S ) (Dr. Manu T M) (Dr. B S. Anami)
Guide HOD Principal

Certified that the seminar work entitled “Bio Battery” is a bonafide work carried out by
Rohit R Kamalapur(USN 2KE19EC412) in partial fulfilment for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in VIII Semester, …Electronics and Communication Engineering
of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during the year 2021-22. It is certified
that all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the
report deposited in the department library. The seminar report has been approved as it satisfies
the academic requirements in respect of seminar work prescribed for the said degree.

Name of the Examiners(12) Signature with Date

1.
2.

DECLARATION

We, Rohit R Kamalapur(USN 2KE19EC412) student of VIII Semester B.E., K.L.E. Institute of
Technology, Hubballi, hereby declare that the seminar work has been carried out by us and
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the VIII Semester degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi during academic year 2021-2022.
Date:
Place: Hubballi

Rohit.R.Kamalapur

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The seminar on “Bio Battery” is the outcome of guidance moral support and devotion bestowed
on us throughout work. For this i acknowledge and express my profound sense of gratitude and
thanks to everybody who have been a source of inspiration during the project work.

I would take this opportunity to acknowledge our Guide, Prof.Chetan V S, who inspired me to
take up this novel idea for the seminar work and also equally guided me technically. The result of
his dedication towards the perfection, has resulted into this seminar work sponsored by
………….. For this recognition, we are indebted to him.
I express my deep dense of gratitude to our H.O.D, Dr. Manu T.M., for being supportive in our
curricular and co-curricular activities throughout this course.
It is indeed a great honour to express my sincere thanks to our Principal, Dr.B.S.Anami, who
has always inspired us for academic excellence.
I convey my thanks to Dean of Academics, Dr. Sharad G Joshi, for encouraging in our
academic achievements.
I wish to express my thanks to Seminar Co-ordinator, Mr.Ravi Hosmani, for guiding us with
presentation skills and for conducting effective evaluations.
We also wish to thank our parents and friends for their wishes for our success.
 Rohit.R.Kamalapur

ABSTRACT

This prototype bio battery has achieved the world’s highest power output of 50 mW
when employed for a passive type system. These research results were published at
the 234th American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition in August
2007 and earned respect from an academic point of view.
When a glucose solution is poured into the white cubes, the Walkman begins to
play. When an isotonic drink is poured in, a propeller starts to spin. In the summer
of 2007, the Sony-developed bio battery was announced in newspapers, magazines,
and TV reports, and evoked a strong response. Carbohydrates (glucose) are broken
down to release energy and generate electricity. This bio battery, which is based on
mechanisms used in living organism, is not only friendly to the environment but
also has great potential for use as an energysource.

CONTENTS
 Abstract i
List of Figures ii
Chapter No. Name Page No.

1 INTRODUCTION 8
1.1 Aim 8
1.2 Literature Survey 9
1.3 Motivation and Problem Definition 10
1.4 Objectives 10
2 METHODOLOGY 12

2.1 Components of Bio Battery 13

3 WORKING 18
3.1 Working
3.2 Types of Bio Battery 19

4 SPECIFICATIONS AND BENIFITS 20

4.1 Speicifications 20
4.2 Benifits 20
5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 21
6 BIBLIOGRAPHY 22-23

List of Figures
Figure No. Figure Name PageNo.
2.1.1 Bio Battery 13

List of Tables
Table No. Table Name Page No.
4.1.1 Technical Specifications 13
4.1.2 Cell Specifications 13
 Chapter1
1 INTRODUCTION
Bio battery (bio fuel cells use biocatalysts, either bio-molecule such as enzymes of even whole
living organisms (microbes) to catalyze oxidation of biomass-based materials for generating
electrical energy. Bio-Battery generates electricity from renewable fuels (glucose, sucrose,
fructose, etc) providing a sustained, on-demand portable power source. When enzymes in our
bodies break down glucose, several electrons and protons are released. Therefore, by using
enzymes to break down glucose, bio-batteries directly receive energy from glucose. These
batteries then store this energy for later use. This concept is almost identical to how both plants
and many animals obtain energy. Bio battery use biocatalyst, either biomolecules such as
enzymes or even whole living organism to catalyze oxidation of bio mass-based materials for
generating electrical energy.
Plants create both carbohydrates and oxygen by photosynthesis from carbon dioxide and water.
Animals take up those carbohydrates and oxygen and utilize them as an energy source and
release carbon dioxide and water. Then this cycle starts again. Since the carbon dioxide is
recycled in this system, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere does not increase. If
electrical energy could be directly acquired from this cycle, we could obtain more
environmentally friendly energy than that from fossil fuel. Other Types of Bio-Batteries sugar
and human glucose potentially valuable sources of power because they occur naturally, are easily
accessible and don't produce harmful emissions.In this paper we talk about bio-battery and
application in power music playback on a memory-type Walkman.
The first enzyme-based bio-fuel cell was reported only in 1964 using glucose oxidize (GOx) as
the anodic catalyst and glucose as the bio-fuel. Even though the Bio fuel cells have been known
for almost a century since the first microbial BFC (Bio fuel cells) was demonstrated in
1912.Biological processes can be used to generate electricity for powering electrical equipment.
 1.1 Aim
The aim of this project is,bio-battery is an energy storing device that is powered by organic
compounds, usually being glucose, such as the glucose in human blood. When enzymes in
human bodies break down glucose, several electrons and protons are released. Therefore, by
using enzymes to break down glucose, bio-batteries directly receive energy from glucose. Then
these batteries store this energy for later use. This concept is almost identical to how both plants
and many animals use energy from metabolic reactions.Although the batteries are still being
tested before being commercially sold, several research teams and engineers are working to
further advance the development of these batteries.

1.2 Literature Survey

Electric vehicle battery technologies: From present state to future systems, Electric and hybrid
vehicles are associated with green technologies and a reduction in greenhouse emissions due to
their low emissions of greenhouse gases and fuel-economic benefits over gasoline and diesel
vehicles. Recent analyses show nevertheless that electric vehicles contribute to the increase in
greenhouse emissions through their excessive need for power sources, particularly in countries
with limited availability of renewable energy sources, and result in a net contribution and
increase in greenhouse emissions across the European continent. The chemical and electronic
components of car batteries and their waste management require also a major investment and
development of recycling technologies, to limit the dispersion of electric waste materials in the
environment. With an increase in fabrication and consumption of battery technologies and
multiplied production of electric vehicles worldwide in recent years, a full review of the cradle-
to-grave characteristics of the battery units in electric vehicles and hybrid cars is important. The
inherent materials and chemicals for production and the resulting effect on waste-management
policies across the European Union are therefore reported here for the scope of updating
legislations in context with the rapidly growing sales of electric and hybrid vehicles across the
continent. This study provides a cradle-to-grave analysis of the emerging technologies in the
transport sector, with an assessment of green chemistries as novel green energy sources for the
electric vehicle and microelectronics portable energy landscape. Additionally, this work
envisions and surveys the future development of biological systems for energy production, in the
view of biobatteries. This work is of critical importance to legislative groups in the European
Union for evaluating the life-cycle impact of electric and hybrid vehicle batteries on the
environment and for establishing new legislations in context with waste handling of electric and
hybrid vehicles and sustain new innovations in the field of sustainable portable energy.

1.3 Motivation and Problem Definition

• An electricity shortage is felt most by those who depends on electricity for
heating,cooking,and water supply.
• In these circumstances, a sustained energy crisis may become a human crisis.
• As it is known that the energy conservation is the major issue these times so the bio-
battery is one of the energy conservation mathod and it is a renewable energy source.
• it can save alot of power and it is also energy efficient phenomenon.
• Its energy density, size, weight, instant recharge, flexible shape, renewable biocatalyze,
room temperature operation and readily available fuel created the necessity of these
batteries.
1.4 Objectives
• Provide the specific details about Bio Battery.
• Enrich the knowledge of types of energy, how to produce energy.
• Make a comparison with others types of energy we learnt.
 Chapter 2
2 METHODOLOGY
2.1 Components of Bio Battery
A Bio-Battery battery consists of two different metals suspended in an acidic solution.
They contain an anode, cathode, separator and electrolyte, which are the basic components to
any cell battery. Each component is layered on top of another component. Anodes and
cathodes are the negative and positive areas on a battery. The anode is located at the top of
the battery and the cathode is located at the bottom of the battery. Anodes are components
that allow electrons to flow in from outside the battery, whereas cathodes are devices that
allow current to flow out from the battery.

Fig.2.1.1 Bio Battery

Chapter3
3 WORKING
3.1 Working
Glucose is broken down on the anode side of the battery, producing protons (H+) and
electrons (e-). The protons (H+) are transferred to the cathode side through the separator,
while the electrons (e-) are transported to the cathode side through the mediator, which
transfers them to the external circuit. The cathode uses the enzymes to drive oxygen-
reduction reaction which ultimately produces water using both the protons (H+) and the
electrons (e-) transferred from the anode.These reactions at the anode and cathode generate
electric energy by creating proton (H+) and electron (e-) flow in the cell system.
Glucose → Gluconolacton+2H+ + 2e−
Between the anode and the cathode lies the electrolyte which contains a separator. The main
function of the separator is to keep the cathode and anode separated, to avoid electrical short
circuits.
This system as a whole allows for a flow of protons (H+) and electrons (e-) which ultimately
generate electricity. The movement of protons has a moving force that pushes, this movement
is called current. When this moving force (current) is measured.

3.2 Types of Bio Battery

Passive system type: A system in which reactive substances are absorbed in to the
electrodes through a process of natural diffusion.
 Active system type: In this type the reactive substance are introduced by force by
technique as string, convection.

Chapter 4
4 SPECIFICATIONS AND BENIFITS
4.1 Specifications
4.1.1 Bio battery technical specifications

Enzymes Glucose dehydrogenase and diaphorase (anode)

Bilirubin oxidase (cathode)
Mediators Vitamin K3 and cofactor NADH (anode)
Potassium ferricyanide (cathode)
Electrode Porous carbon
Current collector Titanium mesh
Separator Cellophane
Glucose solution 0.4 M glucose in 1.0 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0
Maximum output 1.5 mW/cm2 (0.3V, 5 mA/cm2) at 1 min after connection

OCV 0.8V
Fig.4.1.1 Technical Specifications

4.1.2 Bio battery test cell specifications

Dimensions 39 (width) x 39 (height) x 39 (depth) mm

Volume 40 cc (without casing)
Maximum 50 Mw
output
Fig4.1.2 Cell Specifications

Chapter 5
5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
The Paper-Powered Bio Battery uses an enzyme to decompose paper into glucose and uses
the glucose for power generation. For the decomposition, Sony uses an enzyme called
cellulase, which decomposes cellulose. When paper is soaked in a solution that contains the
 enzyme, it starts to decompose into glucose. When the solution, which also contains glucose
at this point, is poured into the battery, power generation starts. Because cellulase functions
as a catalyst, it can be collected for reuse.
“This is the same mechanism with which termites eat wood to get energy,” said Sony.
Shredded paper or pieces of corrugated board were used at the demonstration to provide
cellulose, a long chain of glucose sugar found in the walls of green plants.

Future Scope:

Improved design and performance leads to 50X higher volumetric power density over existing
prototype .The longer-term goal in this area is to further enhance performance to ultimately
develop batteries suitable for notebook computersand other mobile devices. While many
technological challenges stillremain, Bio Battery has great potential as a next-generation energy
device.NIT,HamirpurAdvantages include its excellent harmony with the environment as a
product fueled by a carbohydrate (glucose)having high energy density. Sony will continue to
work toward the commercialization of this technology in the near future, initially for use in toys
and other low-power products.Bio-batteries have a very bright future ahead of them as test
productionsand research have been increasing over recent years. They serve as a new form of
energy that is proving to be environmentally friendly, as well as successful, inproducing and
reserving energy. Fully-integrated demonstrations are to be executed in close collaboration with
customer, for relevant applications.

Chapter 6

BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1]Kannan, Renugopalakrishnan, Filipek, Audette, Li, Munukutla. "Bio-Batteries and Bio-Fuel
Cells: Leveraging on Electronic Charge Transfer Proteins“.
[2]An Overview of Bio-battery –Working Principle, Types & Applications on elprocus.com
[3]THE FUTURE OF ENERGY BIO BATTERYin IJRET: International Journal of Research in
Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308"Enzymatic Hydrolysis".
Biology-Online.org
[4]Pathrikar.A,&iqui.U.(2013).The future of energy bio battery .International Journal of Research in
Engineering and Technology ,99-111.Rtereved from
http://esatjournals.net/ijret/2013v02/i11/IJRET20130211017.pdf.
[5]Kelvin, L. (2001).Retrieved fromhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity).
Retrieved from http://www.seminarsonly.com/Labels/Bio-Battery-PDF-Abstract.php.

[6]. D. Yamaguchi, et al, Meet. Abstr. - Electrochem. Soc.(2010), in press.

[7] M.B.Fischback, J.K.Y oun, X.Zhao, P.W ang, H.G.P ark,H.N. Chang, J.Kim, and S.Ha,
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