Merged CH 1 2 3 4 5

A study on Employees’ perception towards Workplace Safety Climate at ASK – EHS
Engineering & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Surat.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRY
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B.R.C.M. College of Business Administration
1.1 IT Industry
1.1.1 Introduction to IT Industry
IT refers to the field of information technology such as the computer and digital
media industry. Provides hardware, software, and online services worldwide. All IT
companies provide a few services and support some may provide hardware services,
while others provide software and other services.
The Information Technology & Information Technology Enabled Services (IT-ITeS)

sector is a field that is rapidly evolving and changing the status of Indian business
standards. These areas include software development, consulting, software
management, online services, and outsourcing business processes (BPO).
1.1.2 History of IT Industry in India
India's IT Services industry was started in Mumbai in 1967 with the establishment of
Tata Consultancy Services which in 1977 partnered with Burroughs to start deploying
Indian IT services. The first software export center, SEEPZ - a precursor to modern IT
parks - was established in Mumbai in 1973. More than 80 percent of national
software shipments came from SEEPZ in the 1980s.
Within 90 days of its establishment, the Task Force produced a comprehensive

background report on the state of the art in India and an IT Action Plan with 108
recommendations. The Task Force can take immediate action because it builds on the
experience and frustration of provincial governments, central government
institutions, universities, and the software industry. Much of what he suggested was
in line with the thinking and recommendations of international organizations such as
the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Telecommunication Union
(ITU), and the World Bank. In addition, the Task Force has combined Singapore
experience with other nations, which have used similar programs. It was a small task
to establish rather than create an action in an agreement that has already emerged
between the communications community and the government.
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A joint EU-India expert team was established on 23 November 2001 to further

promote joint research and development. On 25 June 2002, India and the European
Union agreed on a two state partnership in the field of science and technology. From
2017, India will hold the position of Associate Member State at CERN, while India-EU
Software Education and Development Center will be based in Bangalore.
1.1.3 SWOT Analysis of IT Industry
Strengths:
1. Cost advantage
2. Breadth of service offering
3. Ease of scalability
4. Quality and maturity of process
5. Global and 24/7 Delivery
Weakness:
1. Excessive dependence on foreign countries for revenues

2. Excessive dependence on BFSI Sector for revenue
3. High rate of attrition
4. Decreasing competitive advantage
Opportunity:
1. Great scope for product innovation

2. BFSI
Threats:
1. Rupee dollar
2. Increased competition
3. Global economic slowdown.
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1.1.4 PESTLE Analysis of IT Industry
1. Political aspects - These are the elements that integrate government laws and
regulations in any area of business. Factors such as customer protection law, terrorist
attraction or threats, and competition laws are also known to influence the operation
of any business regardless of the situation. The Indian government has always been
supportive and leading the growth of IT services. The government has decided to
contract IT work in IT companies that promote new and more opportunities for the
company and the IT industry as a whole. The Indian government has simplified and
strengthened the Information Technology Act, of 2000 to provide a complete legal
environment.
2. Economic factors - The global economic downturn, rising labor costs, competition
from other IT companies, and increased contract fees are just a few of the factors
affecting the IT sector. Currency fluctuations and inflation have had a significant
impact on the industry during the recession. The recession has been one of the most
important factors affecting the global economy. Creates a low-quality attribute due
to functional properties and cuts. The slowdown in the financial and banking industry
has led to a decline in revenue and this has had a profound effect on the IT sector.
3. Social features - These are factors ranging from workers' rights, nationality of the
chosen IT Company, language barrier, or other common social features. Due to the
large number of people in India who do not speak English, this has helped to
promote good relations in the industry and the international arena. Many institutions
in the country offer IT courses that create job opportunities for many people at a low
cost.
4. Technical features- India offers the lowest prices in the world. Today, India has the
second-largest telecommunications network behind China providing 3G, business
telephony services, WI-MAX and VPN have become intermediate.
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5. Legal aspects- India has come up with good Practices that have made it easier for
the IT sector to progress. It has become easier for IT companies to make electronics
using the legal infrastructure created and implemented by the Legal Aspects and
Policies IT Act 2000. Government can easily publish a notice on the web that signs
electronic governance.
6. Environmental Issues - Conservation and protection of the environment is an issue

that has been creating noise and has come to light over time. Deterioration of
ecological balance threatened the sustainability of health and the environment. The
IT sector has also been affected by floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, and tsunamis.
1.1.5 Major players in IT Industry
● Tata Consultancy service. – Largest IT company in India.

● Infosys
● HCL Technologies
● Wipro Limited
● Redington India Ltd
● Tech Mahindra Ltd
● Larsen & Toubro Infotech Ltd
● Mphasis Ltd
● Mindtree Ltd
● Hexaware Technologies Ltd
1.1.6 GDP Contribution of IT Industry
The IT industry accounted for 8% of India’s GDP in 2020. According to STPI (Software
Technology Park of India), software exports by the IT companies connected to it,
stood at Rs. 1.20 lakh crore (US$ 16.29 billion) in the first quarter of FY22.
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1.2 Consulting Industry
Introduction:
Consultation with management is a practice of helping organizations improve their

performance. Organizations may use the services of management consultants for a
variety of reasons, including obtaining external (and possibly intended) advice and
access to specialist information for consultants.
As a result of their exposure, as well as relationships with many organizations,

consulting firms often know the “best practices” of the industry. However, the
particular nature of the hypotheses considered may limit the ability or
appropriateness to transfer such practices from one organization to another.
Advice can provide assistance with organizational change management, training skills
development, process analysis, technology implementation, strategy development,
or performance improvement services. Managing advisors often come up with their
own patents or frameworks to guide problem identification, and serve as a basis for
recommendations for the purpose of effective or efficient ways of performing tasks.
1.2.1 Type of Firms:
There is a lot of accumulation across all sectors, and some firms Supervisors may
train many disciplines. But broadly speaking, Management Consulting firms focus on
engagement that can be collected in four different, critical areas:
1. Key (Strategic Focus): Consultation focused on high-quality, business decisions.

This category may include comprehensive industry analysis, competitors' testing,
integration, new product strategy, etc. In other words, this category corresponds to a
very high level, high level of Interoperability. Most MBA graduates are employed by
these types of firms.
2. Information Technology (IT): Consultation focused on the development of

Information Technology in a number of different fields (Assessment, Design,
Implementation, Infrastructure, and other areas).
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3. Human Resources (HR): Consultation focused on increasing the amount created

from Human Resources, or employees, in an organization. It can include topics such
as Compensation Schemes, Health and Benefit Planning, Hiring Procedures, etc.
4. Niche: A consultation that usually focuses on a particular technology, research, or

analytical method, or especially in a particular industry or region. For example, a
Management Consulting company that only works in the Bioengineering industry
could be a form of Niche consultation; another example would be a firm that
developed a method of analyzing ownership profits and selling them to various firms
in the Financial Services industry. Typically, Niche Consulting firms were formed by
previous partners in large / focused Sue companies who developed a strong
consultation practice in the area during their operations there. Specialized firms have
put pressure on large firms, with extensive Consulting experience to increase their
industry complexity and country-specific knowledge to compete in business.
1.2.2 GDP Contribution of Consulting Industry

Currently, there are approximately 6000 consulting companies in major cities
including Delhi (25.7 per cent) followed, Mumbai (25.5 per cent), Chennai (12.1 per
cent) and Kolkata (9.1 per cent). In addition, the service sector contributes more than
50 percent of the country's GDP. In addition, there are about 2000 R&D centers and
laboratories that support a few local consultation organizations directly or indirectly
at a reasonable cost.
This rapid growth of the sector in India is largely due to the development of
investment activities due to low cost structure, large influx of major players into the
Indian market, loosening of previous FDI restrictions, and strong strengths in areas
such as IT, management, civil engineering. , communications, petrochemicals, energy
and metals. Continuous growth will eventually lead to an expected increase in
employment.
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1.2.3 Major players in Consulting Industry
● McKinsey & Company
● The Boston Consulting Group, Inc
● Bain & Company
● Deloitte Consulting
● PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) Advisory
● Booz Allen Hamilton (aka Booz Allen)
● Ernst & Young Advisory
● Accenture
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CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION OF ORGANIZATION
ASK – EHS Engineering & Consultants
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2.1 About ASK-EHS Engineering & Consultants:
ASK-EHS Engineering & Consultants Pvt. Ltd. was established in 2005, headquartered
in Surat - Gujarat (India) is a one-stop solution provider dedicated to the EHS
domain.
ASK-EHS is able to provide state-of-the-art and state-of-the-art services in the field of

Environment, Health and Safety in emerging construction projects and industries
operating in India and abroad, from mining, metals, chemicals, pharmaceuticals. ,
chemicals petrochemicals, oil and gas, fertilizers, consumer goods, public utilities in
the energy sector including the atomic energy industry and the installation of high
technology, with its band,
● Technocrats having multi-disciplinary expertise and experience in the latest

technologies imparting training
● Management experts having zeal and entrepreneurship to render
ever-demanding systemic services in EHS management
● Software and I.T. groups designing and producing systems to control and
regulate intricate job-tasks
● Fine arts and media groups producing customized animated EHS movies
enlivening the work situations and working people
The strength originates from the concept of the organization, such as, this is the only
organization in India, capable of undertaking complete ownership on a turn-key basis
of the management, implementation, and monitoring process for all the disciplines
of Environment, Health, and Safety throughout the construction, commissioning and
shut down phases of all types of Industries.
2.2 Vision
To reinforce, upgrade and elevate EHS performance for the global industrial
domain.
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2.3 Mission
Conceive, support, and supervise cutting-edge capabilities in OHS for modern

workplaces.
2.4 Organizational chart
2.5 Range of EHS Services:

● Development of EHS management systems & complete EHS management
consultancy & ownership.
● Outsourcing qualified, competent, and experienced EHS personnel.
● EHS software solutions.
● EHS training, Professional courses & Certifications.
● Development of custom-made animated training movies.
● EHS Audits & Assessments.
● Development of EHS plans & procedures.
● EHS job portal ( http://www.ehsengineers.com ).
● Provide consultancy to prepare Bid/Tender documents referring to the EHS
section.
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● Scaffolding management services.

● Consultancy on Fire Fighting Services, including Installation & Commissioning
of Fire Fighting System.
● Environmental Management Consultancy such as EIA, Audit & Risk
Assessment, etc.
● EHS Products & Publications.
2.6 Industries they serve
● Construction Projects
● Oil and Gas
● On/Offshore Operations
● Petrochemical & LNG
● Cement Industries
● Power Sectors
● Steel Plants
● Mining & Metal
● Chemical
● Pharmaceuticals
● Fertilizer
● Consumer Goods
● Public Utilities
2.7 Services
Safety Management Consulting Services
SMCS, is a system based on internationally proven security management systems. It

integrates all recovery processes within a large area to identify specific needs to find
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the right solutions and to implement these solutions with the right integrity. In
addition to this, which gives them a competitive edge, integration and support,
driven by their advanced technology systems that ensure minimal effort and
maximize output with minimal chances of human error.
It examines the organization's security culture and redesigns it to meet world-class

Security Standards and Measurement Standards. They specialize in providing
paradigm shifts in the organization's security culture and transforming it into a
Security Specialist. They proudly serve more than 1 million users to 600+ customers
spread across 30+ different countries around the world. Their efforts have been
recognized and rewarded with prestigious awards and popular recognition.
Manpower Resourcing: Recruitment Process
1. Recruitment briefing
2. Search and Pre-screening by in house recruitment team
3. Shortlisting of potential candidates and screening interview session by
in-house HSE Experts for swift operation
4. Selection of candidates (interview coordination with clients)
5. Medical Tests (as per company norms)
6. Mobilization: Deployment process: Document attestation, Travel coordination
7. EHS and HR Orientation
8. Technical support after deployment, Knowledge sharing (only in Domestic)
Software
ASK-EHS is one of the world's leading safety, health and environmental software
solutions. Thousands of active users spread over more than 4 continents in diverse
industrial workplaces – rely on it’s digital EHS platforms. It’s end-to-end
customization for tailored solution delivery, experts within national and international
regulatory framework and integrated EHS business services have more than 400+
clients on the planet.
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Global service delivery in key and diverse industrial domains has allowed the solution
delivered to address three key areas: flexibility, better user acceptance and
continuous compliance management.
Ideal EHS software should seamlessly blend into the organization’s processes by
adding additional modules, creating custom workflows and processes, and
seamlessly automating repetitive tasks. It can potentially meet every unique
challenge posed by your safety processes and data requirements.
It’s EHS Software can be configured and/or customized to suit client's business
preferences. Clients can set up user sequences, checklists and risk matric. On the
other hand, the flow of work and forms can be customized if you consider them to be
different for each organization. Another notable feature of the software is that it can
be integrated with existing ERP programs like SAP or any other such program. Besides
this, it can also integrate with existing Active Directories/Azure AD for single sign-on
(SSO) and emails.
● EHS Training
● Animation and E-learning
● Scaffolding
Scaffolding has been in use since man first made buildings on more than one floor
and they need to find a practical way to work on a higher ground. Although building
materials and designs have changed over the centuries, the purpose of scaffolding
remains the same - to provide secure, temporary access and a platform where all
forms of construction, repair, and maintenance work can be carried out.
● EHS Audit
ASK-EHS provides a variety of services to clients to help them check that their
activities and operations, as revealed through EHS audits, are in compliance with
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local regulatory requirements, internal corporate policies and procedures are

appropriate and are best applicable to EHS management standards.
Their auditors also audit the facility's conformity to the management standards,
including the ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001. They also advise their clients on
appropriate improvements to their own audit processes. The reports typically
identify the root causes of non-compliance or other deficiencies, priorities-issues
according to the greatest risk and potential for harm to client, clearly explain the
regulatory requirements that are not fully complied with, and recommend areas for
improvement. They also keep the eye open for innovations that might serve as
models for others within the client organization.
Audit coverage mainly extends to:
I. National & International standards/specifications (OHSAS 18001:2007, EMS

14001).
II. Audit as per IS 14489:1998 and requirement given by company/industry.
III. A general EHS audit aiming improvement at project site or in industry.
IV. A special audit in case of any major mishap, disaster or catastrophe.
V. A special audit in case any contractor is unable to cope-up and match with
the client's/owner's system.
VI. In case, there is loss of productivity or slow progress due to unplanned
working or lack of competency at construction site or in operating Industries.
VII. Fire risk assessment as per Factories Act 1948 and other relevant laws.
VIII. Fire safety audit as per statutory requirements.
IX. Statutory audit for clearance of occupants of the high-rise building under NBC
(National Building Code)- Part-4 / NFPA or BS9999:2008.
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CHAPTER 3
INTRODUCTION TO TOPIC
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3.1 Introduction to Health & Safety
Health and Safety is a term that usually covers legal requirements that fall under the
Occupational Health and Safety Act etc. 1974. The term Health and Safety is often
used to describe Occupational Health and Safety, and is related to the prevention of
accidents and poor health. to employees and those who may be affected by their
work.
The standard definition of Health and Safety is:
‘Regulations and procedures aimed at preventing injury or injury in the workplace or

in public places.’
Occupational Health and Safety Act etc. The 1974 Act is a piece of legal legislation
that came into existence following the Robens Report *. It is from this law that the
term came to be widely used. Prior to the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 40, in
2014, occupational safety was included under the Factories Act 1961 and the Office,
Shops and Railways Premises Act 1963. These laws were amended and repealed over
time. by HASAW and the following law.
Both employers and employees have obligations under the Occupational Health and
Safety Act etc. The 1974 Act and other health and safety laws enacted under it.
3.2 Workplace Safety
A workplace free from injuries and accidents attracts employees. The staff is satisfied
and very productive in such an environment. A safe working environment is
important for both employees and employers alike. It is the right of all workers to be
safe in the workplace.
Occupational safety is important regardless of the size of the company. All

companies, large or small, need to incorporate security into their workplaces.
Properly used safety measures keep workers safe and protect industrial equipment. It
is the duty and responsibility of employers to protect their employees and keep them
safe.
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Need for safety in workplace:
It is impossible to quantify the effects of human injury. They can have devastating
effects on employees and their families and friends.
That is why occupational safety and health measures are needed. They are important
for the well-being of employers and employees alike. The feeling of confidence that a
person has, knowing that he will return safely to work, is more important than
anything else.
There are occupational safety and health risks in all companies. Factors affecting
occupational safety include unsafe working conditions, environmental hazards,
substance abuse and workplace violence.
For example, employees working in an IT company may have to work with improper
cables or electrical equipment. Even in a construction company, workers may be
exposed to the dangers of using heavy equipment.
To combat these risks, employers must develop strategies that ensure and promote
safety in their workplaces.
Employers should also learn the desirable characteristics of their employees

regarding safety and security. This will help increase productivity and quality of
products and services.
Benefits of a safe and healthy work environment:
1. Being aware and identifying workplace hazards
This is the first step to create a safe working environment. Employers need to identify
workplace hazards and safety issues first. Then they must take measures to address
them accordingly.
Workplace safety hazards can include mechanical issues, dangerous chemicals,

hazardous electrical equipment, etc.
Mechanical problems can occur at any time while operating machinery in the
workplace. Also, working with heavy equipment is very risky and can cause accidents.
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If employees need to work with chemicals, they have to be very cautious. Dangerous
chemicals can burn or poison employees. Inhaling or ingesting them can even cause
death.
Also, working with electronic equipment can have risks as well. Faulty electrical
equipment can electrocute employees, causing severe problems.
Employees should be aware of the types of equipment and know the hazards in their
workplace. This enables them to stay clear of such dangers and unfortunate
situations. Also, employers should train employees in the proper operation of
machinery and equipment.
2. Implementing workplace safety programs:
The first step in building a safety plan is to make all employees committed to
workplace safety. One way to do this is to include workplace safety in the company's
equipment statement. It should be the job of every employee to make safety
policies.
Employers should investigate all hazards in the workplace. They should encourage
employees to follow all safety procedures.
In addition, employers should clearly state the risk of non-compliance in writing. This
reduces the chances of errors.
3. Providing proper safety trainings to employees:
Training is an important part of every company's safety plan to protect workers from
danger. Research shows that new employees are at greater risk for accidents at work.
Lack of knowledge of occupational hazards and proper work practices that create this
high risk.
Employers should provide employees with the necessary training to reduce

workplace accidents. Employees must use all equipment and equipment safely and
efficiently.
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For example, employers should adequately teach the operation of heavy equipment
to employees. Only qualified or certified employees should use such types of
equipment. That is why it is important to provide professional safety training to staff.
4. Using Protective Safety Equipment
The usage of equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause workplace
injuries is significant. Not doing so can cause injury or even death.
Employees may have to work with chemicals, machines, electronics, and other
potential work hazards. Employers must provide such employees with personal
protective equipment (P.P.E.).
P.P.E. should be safely designed, constructed, and fit comfortably. Examples of P.P.E.
are gloves, protective eyewear, clothing, earplugs, hard hats, etc.
5. Reporting Unsafe Working Conditions
Employees must inform any safety hazards or work risks to the management.
Employers are legally obligated to ensure safe working environments for their
employees. They must end workplace safety hazards and promote safety in the
workplace.
6. Practicing Correct Posture
Bad posture is one of the main reasons for back pain. It is imperative to practice good
and correct posture to reduce the risk of getting hurt.
For example, if you have to sit for long hours, use specially designed chairs. Also,
always sit upright.
7. Reducing Workplace Stress
Workplace stress can cause many health problems like anxiety, depression, etc.
Job insecurity, workplace bullying, high workload, etc., cause workplace stress.

Learn how to combat workplace stress and avoid its adverse effects. Workplace
stress can have drastic effects on workplace productivity and employee health.
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8. Promoting Regular Breaks
Employers should encourage employees to take regular breaks. Taking frequent

breaks will prevent tiredness and fatigue. This will further prevent injuries or
illnesses. Breaks help employees stay fresh and focused.
9. Staying Sober and Alert
One of the major reasons for workplace fatalities is substance abuse. Substance

abuse causes around 40% of all industrial workplace fatalities.
Individuals under the influence of alcohol or drugs are less alert. Their
decision-making ability, coordination, concentration, and motor control get
compromised. This creates risks for workplace injury and fatalities.
10. Easy Access to Exits in Case of Emergencies
If there is an emergency, it is important to have easy access to emergency exits. Easy

access to emergency exits will reduce injuries and casualties.
Also, it is important to have quick ways to shut down equipment in case of

emergencies.
11. Using Mechanical Aids
An industrial job may need employees to work with heavy equipment. There are
many injury risks involved in trying to lift and move heavy objects. Employees can
use a conveyor belt, forklift, or wheelbarrow instead of lifting manually.
The Bottom Line
A safe working environment is a feature of good companies around the world. All
employees want the assurance of their safety and security. Occupational safety is a
serious problem. Employers must ensure that their employees work in a safe
environment. Management systems and business owners have a responsibility to
improve occupational safety. Employers should encourage employees to use safe
procedures and to use safety equipment. They should promote safety policies and
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safety programs. Also, employees should be aware of the dangers of using dangerous
equipment.
3.3 Workplace Safety Climate
• The safety climate is defined as shared employees' views on the importance of

safety in the organization. Safe climate refers to the estimated value given by security
considerations within an organization. A complete term that encompasses business
policies, management attitudes, and employee beliefs regarding workplace safety.
• A healthy workplace environment enhances employees 'morale and positively

influences workplace culture by promoting employees' perception that their
workplace is safe, and encourages their motivation to maintain it.
• The safety climate is said to be one of the contributors to climate change in the
organization, which is considered by Zohar (1980) as a summary of employees'
beliefs and views on occupational safety. In its original design, it was thought that the
climate of safety served as a framework for ethical reference, such as that workers
developed “coherent ideas and expectations about ethical emergencies and behaved
appropriately” (Zohar, 1980, p. 96). In short, a climate of safety is a summary that
describes the safety behavior of an organization or workplace that is reflected in
employees 'beliefs about safety and which is thought to predict workers' behavior in
relation to safety in that area. The need for this concept has arisen in different areas,
including the need to define the factors that support safe work ethic, the need to
define the 'taste' of safety in the organization, and as one of the factors that will
measure the change in the workplace.
3.4 Workplace Safety Perception
• The occupational safety concept refers to the awareness of employees about basic
safety information, occupational hazards, the risks associated with those hazards, the
implementation of risk prevention, and the application of safe practices, strategies,
procedures, and workplace safety culture.
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• The concept of occupational safety has many aspects, including employee

attitudes, awareness programs, employee engagement, safety policies, safety policy,
procedures and regulations, safety management, safety assessment, communication,
conduct, training, risk reduction, risk & near-Missing reporting and investigation ,
security testing, operating procedures, surveillance, reward and punishment, and
security support.
• As a vision-based perspective, the concept of a safe climate is strongly linked to the

promotion of safety. Workplace safety is enhanced by encouraging employees to
behave responsibly, increasing participation in safety programs, increasing awareness
of management efforts to support safety, and reducing the number of perceived
hazards in the workplace.
• Employees with a positive view of safety produce high quality products and
services, work efficiently, save money and valuable time that would otherwise be
spent on accidents and injuries.
• The vision of occupational safety and security is an important indicator of effective

labour policy and compliance. The workplace is not legally required to maintain a
certain level of security; however, occupational health authorities encourage the
maintenance of a productive safe environment and view it as evidence that the
employer is making honest efforts to keep workers safe. Maintaining good safety
practices is viewed by health and safety professionals as an indication of the
organisation's ability to identify and mitigate any potential hazards in the workplace.
3.5 Components of Workplace Safety Climate
The components for workplace safety climate are as follows:
I. Management commitment and participation
Managers' commitment to safety creates inspiration for the whole organization. One
expert believes that “fundraising alone is not enough to promote safety and
management should be involved in safety and health programs”. Managers must
show employees that the importance of safety and health is more than productivity,
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safety must first be truly applied in the workplace, and in order to achieve this,
managers must give importance to safety and health considerations when making
decisions.
II. Staff engagement
In daily job interviews, health and safety issues should be considered, and managers
should consider carefully what employees say. Perhaps the best benefits of staff
involvement in safety issues are reported to be non-existent. If employees feel that
their communication is important for safety, they are encouraged to participate in
safety issues. Employees use knowledge of the environment around them to
understand what factors put people in danger. Employees need control to make
appropriate changes to the system. Lastly, the ideas and suggestions of employees
need the support of management to feel that they can truly make a difference in the
lives of their colleagues.
III. Secure communication
Employees should be able to share their views with management by holding regular
meetings with employee representatives and management boxes or suggestions.
When managers and staff in both formal and informal situations regularly discuss
expectations and topics, all team members better understand the nature of working
relationships. Managers must demonstrate responsiveness to the needs of
employees. If employees knew that expressing their wishes was not helpful, there
would be no desire for them to report problems. While one employee may be
responding to incoming complaints about each company's policy, another employee
may actually have a solution to issues that cause grievances, such as product
modification.
IV. Blame culture
With regard to the culture of suspicion, the organization should develop a culture of
error prevention, and provide an appropriate environment for employees to report
errors without fear of consequences. To achieve this goal, organizations must
develop and manage risk management programs based on a culture of acceptable
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error. Blaming an employee is a common practice; this results in the employee losing
his or her motivation, frustration, and engaging in retaliatory actions. In the event of
an accident, one should consider the causes of the accident. Staff allegations result in
unreported and unreliable reporting problems.
V. Education and training
Safety training enhances knowledge and motivation, and thus improves a climate of
safety. Therefore, effective safety training by determining educational safety
requirements, using comprehensive training methods, and evaluating academic
performance plays an important role in strengthening safety culture, reducing risks,
and consequently managing injuries and injuries. Education would lead to a change
in attitude and behavior.
VI. Job satisfaction
The aspect of job satisfaction affects the performance and safety of employees.
Industry management experts say, “Satisfaction with work is a complex concept, and
is associated with many factors. In other words, job satisfaction will be achieved
through the implementation of a set of features; These factors include personality
and working conditions, salary, job development opportunities, quality monitoring,
and relationships with colleagues and others”. Employees, who have more
satisfaction at work, quickly learn new job-related tasks and face lower job risks. The
salary of almost all work groups is considered to be one of the most important
working conditions. In some cases, occupational safety seems to be undermined by
low wages and a lack of resources.
VII. Relationships between people
This feature refers to the relationship between employees and managers. Managers
communicate directly with employees, and therefore, they can influence
safety-related behaviors such as participation in safety issues. Managers should
behave in the way that employees are involved in security activities, and feel that
their opinions are important to the manager. Managers can improve the
organization's climate by bringing employees closer together, thus reducing tensions
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and misunderstandings. Managers are the bridges between managers and

employees, and their behavior should be such that employees trust and are not
afraid to raise their concerns.
VIII. Security monitoring
Safety precautions play a vital role in reducing injuries and deaths in the workplace.
This guide explains how workplaces can set up effective health and safety
monitoring. Must be read with security check-ups - supervisors with specialized
knowledge or skill guide note.
IX. Continuous development
Continuous improvement means that the current situation is not entirely satisfactory,
and we should always seek to improve. Sustainable development should include all
people, including managers, employees, and employees. Organizations need to have
a long-term plan to improve the security situation, and the goal is to achieve it by
planning and implementing remedial measures. An occupational health and safety
management system is needed to eliminate or reduce the risk to employees and
other stakeholders who are exposed to health and safety risks posed by the
organization. With a safety management system, continuous improvement can be
achieved by taking corrective measures.
26
CHAPTER 4
LITERATURE REVIEW
27
4.1 Literature Review
Sr. Author’s name Research Objectives Factors studied in Conclusion

No. (Year of Publication) the paper
Title of Paper
1. Coyle I.R., Sleeman To assess whether an Maintenance and Universal
S.D., and Adams N. analysis of two highly Management Issues, stability of
(1995) similar organizations Company Policy, safety climate
would identify the Accountability, factors is highly
Safety Climate same sets of similar Training, doubtful.
factors. Management
Attitudes, Work
Environment,
Policy/Procedures,
Personal Authority
2. Gyekye S.A., To investigate the Educational status, The
Salminen S. (2007) relationship between Job satisfaction, higher-educated
educational compliance with workers
Educational status attainment and (i) safety management expressed more
and organizational safety perception, (ii) policies, and positive
safety climate: Does job satisfaction, (iii) Accident frequency. perceptions
educational compliance with regarding safety
attainment influence safety management than their
workers’ perceptions policies, and (iv) lower-educated
of workplace safety? accident frequency. counterparts.
3. Zohar D. (1980) To describe a Perceived A genuine
particular type of management change in
Safety Climate in organizational climate attitudes towards management
Industrial and to examine its safety, perceived attitudes and
Organizations: implications. effects of safe increased
conduct on commitment are
28
Theoretical and promotion, prerequisites for

Applied Implications perceived effects of any successful
safe conduct on attempt at
social status, improving the
perceived safety level in
organizational status industrial
of safety officer, organizations.
perceived
importance and
effectiveness of
safety training,
perceived risk level
at the workplace,
and perceived
effectiveness of
enforcement versus
guidance in
promoting safety
4. Flin R., Mearns K., To identify common Management, Safety There are
O'Connor P., Bryden features of safety System, Risk, Work approximately
R. (2000) climate for different pressure, three core
organizations Competence themes
Measuring safety (management,
climate: identifying risk, and safety
the common arrangements)
features that have been
repeatedly
included in
safety climate
measures, along
with a number
29
of other
dimensions
emerging,
although less
frequently.
5. McCaughey D., To examine whether Stress, Job Workplace-deriv
DelliFraine J.L., workplace injuries and Satisfaction, and ed illness and
McGhan G., Bruning illnesses influence turnover intent. injury negatively
N.S. (2013) health care providers’ contribute to
safety climate health care
The negative effects perceptions and how providers’
of workplace injury workplace safety perceptions of
and illness on climate perceptions the safety
workplace safety influence health care climate of their
climate perceptions providers’ well-being work
and health care and organizational environments.
worker outcomes commitment.
6. Bosaka J., Coetsee To examine the Management The employees’
W.J., Cullinanea S.J. interactive commitment to risk behavior
(2013) relationship between safety, the priority of was negatively
three dimensions of safety, and pressure related to
Safety climate safety climate for production. management
dimensions as (management commitment to
predictors for risk commitment to safety, safety and
behavior. priority of safety, and priority of safety
pressure for and positively
production), and their related to
impact on risk pressure for
behavior reported by production
employees.
30
7. Schwatka N.V., Deriving a common General Organizations

Hecker S. and definition of safety management that value
Goldenhar L.M. climate, Developing commitment to human relations
(2016) and testing safety, Safety (i.e. cohesion
construction-specific policies, resources, and morale), or
Defining and indicators of safety and training, value both
Measuring Safety climate, and Focusing Supervisor human relations
Climate: A Review of on commitment to and goal
the Construction construction-specific safety, General attainment (i.e.
Industry Literature issues such as the organizational efficiency and
transient workforce, commitment to productivity),
subcontracting, work safety, Co-worker’s have a more
for the organization, commitment to positive safety
and safety, Safety climate
induction/acculturatio communication, compared to
n processes. Worker involvement organizations
in safety, Risk that primarily
appraisal, and value internal
risk-taking. processes (i.e.
stability, control,
formalization) or
a combination
of internal
processes and
goal attainment.
8. Nielsen M.B. and Eid To examine how Risk perception, Authentic
J. (2011) authentic leadership work environment, leadership
relates to risk health, sleep, relates
Authentic leadership perception in accidents, job positively with
and its relationship safety-critical demands, authentic safety climate,
organizations (SCOs). leadership, whereas a
31
with risk perception psychological capital, negative

and safety climate and personality. correlation was
found with
regard to risk
perception.
9. Ihsan T., Sakdiah S. To analyze the Communications safety was
D., Regia A. R., assessment and and procedures, influenced by
Derosya V. (2019) influence of safety work pressure, work,
culture toward safety management management
Safety culture climate and company commitment, work commitment
analysis based on management relationships, and training.
safety climate training, safety rules, Balanced work
factors at production and safety behavior. pressure
unit of Pt. Bakrie allowed workers
Sumatera to complete
Plantations, TBK their work
Indonesia without haste.
32
4.2 Concept and Construct of Workplace Safety Climate
Concept: Safety Climate
Sr. Construct Operational definition & statements

no.
1. Management Management commitment to safety refers to the degree to

commitment to which managers value and support safe working and are
dedicated to employees’ safety.
safety
STATEMENTS:
(1) Safety is the primary concern for top management at my
company.
(2) The management is committed to safety.
(3) The management quickly corrects employees’ safety

problems.
(4) Employee safety is central to the values and philosophy

of management.
(5) Management invests time and money into occupational

health and safety activities.
2. Safety culture Safety culture is the everyday attitudes, beliefs, and values
that leaders and employees share about safety.
STATEMENTS:
(1) Taking safety seriously is part of our company culture.
(2) I am encouraged to achieve company safety targets.
(3) Our topmost priority is employees’ safety in every
situation.
33
3. Safety training and Safety training refers to learning programs and training
SOPs received by employees on precautionary processes and
procedures to mitigate risk or the chance of injury on the
job.
STATEMENTS:
(1) Safety training is provided by experts having relevant
experience.
(2) Potential risks and consequences are identified in safety
training.
(3) I believe that I received the proper safety training.
(4) I am aware of the SOP required to perform safety
operations.
4. Communication of Communication of safety policy refers to the transmission of

safety policy information and rules related to safety between different
locations and people.
STATEMENTS:
(1) Safety policies are effectively communicated to workers.
(2) Employees can consult and advise on safety
improvements.
(3) I am aware of all the safety rules.
(4) I positively agree that safety rules are practical.
(5) Safety is a regular part of company communications.
34
5. Employees attitude Employee safety attitudes refer to the employees’ tendency

towards safety to respond positively or negatively towards a safety goal,
idea, plan, procedure, prevention, or situation.
STATEMENTS:
(1) We regularly discuss the hazards of our work and the
precautions we must take.
(2) I am encouraged to follow safety procedures even when
project timeframes are tight.
(3) No one on my team cuts corners that compromise
safety.
(4) Safety is my priority when completing a job.
35
CHAPTER 5
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
36
5.1 Research objectives

Primary objective:
● To study employees’ perception towards workplace safety climate practices at

ASK – EHS Engineering & Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
Secondary objectives:
● To explore employees’ perceptions regarding Management commitment to

safety, Safety Culture, Safety training & SOPs, Communication of safety policy,
and Employees’ attitudes towards safety at ASK – EHS Engineering &
Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
● To examine the variation in employees’ perception regarding Management
commitment to safety as per their demographic and work profile.
● To examine the variation in employees’ perception regarding Safety culture as
per their demographic and work profile.
● To examine the variation in employees’ perception regarding Safety training &
SOPs as per their demographic and work profile.
● To examine the variation in employees’ perception regarding Communication
of safety policy as per their demographic and work profile.
● To examine the variation in employees’ perception regarding Employees’
attitudes towards safety as per their demographic and work profile.
5.2 Research design
The research conducted is basically Conclusive, Descriptive, and Exploratory research

design as the research on this topic is being conducted for the first time and fresh
and new data is being collected.
5.3 Sources of data
This research study is exclusively based on primary quantitative data collected.
Primary Data are original sources from which the researcher directly collects data.
The objective of the study has been accomplished with the help of primary data
37
collected from all the employees working at ASK-EHS Engineering & Consultants Pvt.
Ltd. The selected samples are met in person and the data has been collected with the
help of a questionnaire.
5.4 Population
Population is defined as the whole group that the research focuses on. The
population for this study consists of all the employees working at ASK-EHS
5.5 Sampling design
Sampling refers to the method, criteria and procedures used to select subjects for
the study. The researcher should have a clear understanding of the research question
and the study design before the selection of the subjects for the study can begin.
Sampling can be defined as the process by which a relatively small number of
individuals or measure of individuals, objects or events is chosen and analyzed in
order to find out something about the entire population from which it was chosen.
5.5.1 Sampling Frame
The sample frame taken for this survey was all the employees of ASK-EHS
Engineering & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Surat. Employees from every department were
selected according to their availability.
5.5.2 Sampling technique
In this research, non – probability judgemental technique will be used because data
will be collected from sample of the employees who are directly approachable having
appropriate knowledge of the topic and whose main job is related to safety such as
Safety audit and compliance, safety trainers, safety officers, supervisors, Software
developers related to safety, etc. and not from departments like Accounts
department. Hence, the result will be highly accurate with minimum margin of error.
38
5.5.3 Sampling unit
The unit comprises individual employees working at ASK-EHS Engineering &

Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Surat.
5.6 Data Collection
5.6.1 Type of data: Primary - Quantitative data
5.6.2 Methods and Instrument used:

Structured Questionnaire in english language of approximately 29 questions, of 2
page length which is related to variables used, demographic and work profile.
5.7 Data Analysis:

The most convincing and appealing ways in which data may be presented are tables,
charts and pictures. Pictorial representation helps in quick understanding of the data.
Charts has greater memorizing effect as the impressions created by them last much
longer than those created by the figure. A chart can take the shape of either a
diagram or a graph. The data is presented through different types of diagrams as
follows with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS).
⮚ Tables
⮚ Cross Tabulation
⮚ Frequency
⮚ Pie Charts
5.8 Limitations of the study
1. This research is conducted by using only quantitative data through the

structured questionnaire method. However, more conclusive and valuable
results would have been received if a mixed model of both quantitative and
qualitative data is used.
2. Due to lack of experience as a data collector, there is a possibility of missing
unrealisable variables or viewpoints for interpretation.
39
5.9 Rationale of the study
Earlier research is done in this field on a global level which majorly focuses on the
parameters which forms workplace safety climate and the relationship between
various factors and safety climate in different industries. But despite this, there is
limited research on safety practices and employees’ perception about it. Moreover,
there is a lack of generalized research on this topic because most published research
is based on longitudinal methods in specific industries.
Hence, I did a cross sectional research on the target population of employees who
provide safety services to get a clear picture about what are the perceptions towards
safety practices and how it varies as per their demographic and work profile. Results
will be highly beneficial to understand employee perception and steps to be taken to
build a positive safety climate at the workplace.
40
CHAPTER 6
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
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A study on Employees’ perception towards Workplace Safety Climate at ASK – EHS

Engineering & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Surat.

The Information Technology & Information Technology Enabled Services (IT-ITeS)

1.1.2 History of IT Industry in India

Within 90 days of its establishment, the Task Force produced a comprehensive

A joint EU-India expert team was established on 23 November 2001 to further

1.1.3 SWOT Analysis of IT Industry

1. Excessive dependence on foreign countries for revenues

1. Great scope for product innovation

1.1.4 PESTLE Analysis of IT Industry

6. Environmental Issues - Conservation and protection of the environment is an issue

1.1.5 Major players in IT Industry

● Tata Consultancy service. – Largest IT company in India.

1.1.6 GDP Contribution of IT Industry

1.2 Consulting Industry

Consultation with management is a practice of helping organizations improve their

As a result of their exposure, as well as relationships with many organizations,

1.2.1 Type of Firms:

1. Key (Strategic Focus): Consultation focused on high-quality, business decisions.

2. Information Technology (IT): Consultation focused on the development of

3. Human Resources (HR): Consultation focused on increasing the amount created

4. Niche: A consultation that usually focuses on a particular technology, research, or

1.2.2 GDP Contribution of Consulting Industry

1.2.3 Major players in Consulting Industry

● McKinsey & Company

● The Boston Consulting Group, Inc

● Bain & Company

● PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) Advisory

● Booz Allen Hamilton (aka Booz Allen)

● Ernst & Young Advisory

ASK – EHS Engineering & Consultants

2.1 About ASK-EHS Engineering & Consultants:

ASK-EHS is able to provide state-of-the-art and state-of-the-art services in the field of

● Technocrats having multi-disciplinary expertise and experience in the latest

Conceive, support, and supervise cutting-edge capabilities in OHS for modern

2.4 Organizational chart

2.5 Range of EHS Services:

● Scaffolding management services.

2.6 Industries they serve

Safety Management Consulting Services

SMCS, is a system based on internationally proven security management systems. It

It examines the organization's security culture and redesigns it to meet world-class

Manpower Resourcing: Recruitment Process

local regulatory requirements, internal corporate policies and procedures are

Audit coverage mainly extends to:

I. National & International standards/specifications (OHSAS 18001:2007, EMS

3.1 Introduction to Health & Safety

The standard definition of Health and Safety is:

‘Regulations and procedures aimed at preventing injury or injury in the workplace or

3.2 Workplace Safety

Occupational safety is important regardless of the size of the company. All

Need for safety in workplace:

Employers should also learn the desirable characteristics of their employees

Benefits of a safe and healthy work environment:

1. Being aware and identifying workplace hazards

Workplace safety hazards can include mechanical issues, dangerous chemicals,

2. Implementing workplace safety programs:

3. Providing proper safety trainings to employees:

Employers should provide employees with the necessary training to reduce

4. Using Protective Safety Equipment

5. Reporting Unsafe Working Conditions

6. Practicing Correct Posture

7. Reducing Workplace Stress