London olympic stadium

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Advanced Construction Technologies

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 INTRODUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
Olympic Stadium (2012) 22 May 2008; 13 years ago
Broke ground
Former names The Stadium at Queen Elizabeth
Olympic Park (2013–2016) 22 May 2008 – 29 March 2011
Built
Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park,
Location Stratford 6 May 2012; 9 years ago
London, E20 Opened

renovated 2013–2016
Owner E20Stadium, LLP
£486 million
Construction cost (£679 million in 2021 pounds)
£274 million (2013–16 renovations)
Populous (formerly HOK Sport), led by
Operator London Stadium 185 Ltd. Architect Philip Johnson

60,000 (regulated capacity) Project manager Savills

Capacity 66,000 (seated capacity) (sports)

80,000 (concerts) Structural engineer Buro Happold

105 by 68 metres Services engineer M-E Engineers

Field size (114.8 yd × 74.4 yd)
General contractor Balfour Beatty
Grass (Desso GrassMaster)
Surface Track (Mondotrack/WS, 9 Lanes)
Main contractors Sir Robert McAlpine

 LONDON OLYMPIC STADIUM IMPACTS AND AWARDS

201
IOC/IAKS Awards, Shortlisted, All-Time Awar
201
World Stadium Awards, Shortlisted, Stadium design of the yea
201
Architizer A+ Awards, Sports & Recreation category: Finalis
201
IOC/IAKS, Silver Award, Major outdoor stadium
201
Civic Trust Awar
201
RIBA Stirling Prize Shortlis
201
National RIBA Awar
201
Structural Engineer Awar
201
AIA KC Honor Awar
201
The Structural Steel Design Award
201
World Stadium Awards, Most sustainable stadium design concep
(REGIONAL
Building Control Award
5

 CONCEPT OF LONDON OLYMPIC STADIUM

To achieve a balance between the immediate needs of the large

Games stadium against a long term, small scale venue, Populous
embraced the opportunity to develop the architectural language
of venue design.

They have progressed a new theory of ‘embracing the

temporary’, by exploring form, materials, structure and
operational systems to bring a structured palette of elements into
a cohesive design.

Simple legible forms develop, minimizing the physical weight,

fabrication time and embodied energy of each component
bringing together a compact structure formed by demountable
connections.

The London Olympic Stadium is sited on a diamond-shaped

island between two existing waterways, located within the
southern section of the new Olympic Park.

LONDON OLYMPIC STADIUM MASTER PLAN BEFORE AND AFTER TRANSFORMATION

Master plan in 2012 Master plan in 2016

LONDON OLYMIC STADIUM PLANS BEFORE TRANSFORMATION (IN 2012)

The stadium, which will be at the south of the Olympic Park and within walking distance of
the Olympic village, will be fitted with 80,000 seats, 55,000 of which will be dismantled after
the games, leaving a capacity of 25,000.

The stadium design is a sunken bowl built into the ground with a cable-supported fabric X X’

membrane roof. The roof is supported by a steel frame with a zigzag pattern, which looks like
an upside-down paper hat.

The 55,000 temporary seats on the upper bowl are supported on a scaffold-like structure that
has led to criticism that the stadium will have a ‘makeshift’ or ‘Lego’-style appearance. The Seating plan
remaining permanent seats are sunk into the ground giving spectators a close view of the
action.

The design does not include food outlets within the stadium but these will be available in
free-standing kiosks dotted around the outside of the stadium. The toilet facilities will be built
from recycled shipping containers with all required water and sewage management.

The stadium will also feature a wrapround video screen, retail pods and a permanent semi-
basement of athletes’ changing rooms.
X X’

Roof plan

LONDON OLYMIC STADIUM PLANS IN SECTIONS BEFORE TRANSFORMATION (IN 2012)

SECTION XX’

An open-weave fabric curtain wrapped around the stadium acts as

an additional shelter. The wrap will include 2.5m wide banners,
twisted at 90° angles, highlighting the entrances to the stadium at
the base of the structure.

The roof stretches 28m round the stadium providing cover to

majority of the spectators.

The stadium has 14 iconic triangular lighting tower are placed

around the stadium so that they may have the clear view for both
spectators and viewers

SECTION

 LONDON OLYMIC STADIUM MATERIALS USED BEFORE TRANSFORMATION (IN 2012)

The demountable upper levels will be made of lightweight steel
of only approximately 10,000t, making it the lightest Olympic
stadium to date.

The roof structure has already been completed to form the outer
shell of the Olympic Stadium.

This structure will support the fabric roof and the black steel
rakers, which will act as the terracing supports for the upper tier
of 55,000 seats

The greater part of the stadium building will have a service life
of one or two years depending on plans to transform the
demountable 80,000-seat stadium structure into a permanent
multipurpose venue. For this reason, a fabric wrap has been
designed to wrap around the stadium using colours, mosaics
and Olympic-related images that can be altered

It will be a porous, translucent printed fabric to allow the building

to breathe naturally with the minimum of xed mechanical
systems.

The wrap uses modern printing techniques to pass on updates

to people outside the stadium. Proposals of installing a 1km-
long wraparound video screen have been made to the ODA.

fi
.

 LONDON OLYMPIC STADIUM REASONS FOR TRANSFORMATION

the London stadium had transformed due to increase in population
visiting the stadium and to maintain the legacy of the city.
the main challenge is to transform the stadium into economically
sustainable multi use venue.
The roof functionality of the stadium is affecting both spectators and
viewers.
There is no provision for food stalls and restaurants for player and
viewers.
The stadium has also added a new world class hospitality which
consists of 3600 guest rooms, 16 corporate boxes.
When Populous designed the London 2012 Olympic Stadium, it was
with an ethos of ‘embracing the temporary’, in the knowledge that,
post-Games, the stadium’s function would change and, as a result,
the structure would need to change too.
One of the main stipulations for the future use of the stadium was
that it would retain its running track, whilst functioning as an
economically sustainable multi-use venue.
The main change to the stadium was its new cantilevered roof,
which at 45,000m2, is twice the weight of its predecessor and the
largest of its type in the world. It was calculated that the new roof
would result in additional loads of up to 2,400kN imposed on the
pile caps beneath the iconic V-columns.

LONDON OLYMPIC STADIUM PLANS AFTER RECONSTRUCTION (IN 2014)
Plan Showing Seating Arrangement
For Football Mode
The Roof Constructed After Transformation
The stadium started life as an iconic design conceived for one purpose at one very special
time triggering the regeneration of a key area of East London to ensure a lasting legacy
with the widest possible range of uses
it has been totally transformed on a massive scale components have been added reused,
recycled and enhanced creating a world-class venue
while the park and facilities have grown rounded the stadium has been evolving too inside
and out there's now new hospitality in the West stand with services for spectators
surrounding the building like a halo
The new flexible seating system has been created to give spectators the ultimate
experience for a range of events including athletics huge rock concerts and by bringing
fans closer to the pitch boosting the atmosphere for Premier League football and
international rugby
The new roof is twice the size now covering every seat and delivering an atmosphere
bigger and more intense than before with the iconic lighting towers reintegrated inspiring
memories of Olympic glory.
The fabric roof used during the games has been removed and replaced by a larger solid
roof that is the largest single-span cable net stadium roof structure in the world; 45,000m
2
in size, and 84m at its deepest point.
The new roof covers every seat in the stadium and has been designed to improve acoustics
and heighten the spectator experience, reflecting the noise of the terraces, focussing the
sound and projecting it towards the pitch.
The plan showing the seating arrangement for football mode
The yellow areas are the facilities the toilets 995 of those and the pink areas are the
catering units of which there's twice as many than are currently available here at the in
ground you can see here that the catering outlets and kiosks are now brought inside the
stadium to form part of the main stadium as you would expect to see for a more
conventional football stadium

 LONDON OLYMPIC STADIUM PLANS AFTER RECONSTRUCTION (IN 2014)

Plan Showing Seating Arrangement For Athletic Mode

In This Seating Arangement The Seats Are Arranged In Oval Shaped And
Also The Arrangement Is Away From The Pitch
The distance from upper tier middle of west stand to pitch centre is 153m
The distance from upper tier middle of west stand to corner flags is 207m

Isometric view Showing Seating Arrangement For athletic Mode

Plans Showing Seating Arrangement For athletic Mode

Section Showing Seating Arrangement For athletic Mode

 LONDON OLYMPIC STADIUM PLANS AFTER RECONSTRUCTION (IN 2014)

Plans Showing Seating Arrangement For Football Mode

In This Seating Arrangement The Seats Are Bought To Front To Make The
Viewers Enjoy The Game.
The pitch size is 105m x 68m
The distance from upper tier middle of west stand to pitch centre is 124m
The distance from upper tier middle of west stand to corner flags is 163m

Isometric view Showing Seating Arrangement For Football Mode

Plans Showing Seating Arrangement For Football Mode Section Showing Seating Arrangement For Football Mode

LONDON OLYMIC STADIUM ELEVATIONS AFTER RECONSTRUCTION (IN 2014)

ELEVATION A

ELEVATION B
 LONDON OLYMIC STADIUM SECTIONS AFTER RECONSTRUCTION (IN 2014)

SECTION SHOWING STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

SECTION

The 14 iconic triangular light tower is inverted at an angel of 63° to

make the viewers and sectors more accessible to the field during games
or concerts
Part of this transformation design incorporates the potential for a fully-
automated system of retractable seating, with all four sides of the lower
bowl designed to move over the new running track when in football
mode.
The fabric roof used during the games has been removed and replaced
by a larger solid roof that is the largest single-span cable net stadium
roof structure in the world; 45,000m in size, and 84m at its deepest
2

point.
ISOMETRIC SECTION

 LONDON OLYMIC STADIUM MATERIALS AND FOUNDATION

They develop an alternative foundation solution which originally specified the use of
450mm diameter CFA piles to support the V-columns and new seating & lighting
columns.
They worked to provide a more sustainable and cost-effective solution, proposing an
alternative of 323mm bottom-driven steel cased mini piles in restricted areas and driven
precast piles in areas where height restrictions did not apply.
In total, 350No. mini piles were installed to strengthen the existing pile caps. These
worked in tandem with the original 450mm diameter driven cast insitu piles, each of
which was 12m in length. 161No. 270mm2 precast piles were driven to a depth of 12m
providing working loads of up to 400kN to support the external stair and lighting towers.
Up to 20No. 323mm diameter bottom driven steel cased mini piles were installed at each
existing V column foundation base then tied in by larger concrete pile caps.
Piles extend through up to 10m of made ground and found in the Terrace Gravels below.
They have a challenging settlement & lateral deflection criteria of 5mm. 12 V-columns
experienced particularly large increases in loadings; up to a maximum of 2,400kN (80%
increase) in Compression & 1,440kN (280% increase) in shear.
To deal with the substantially increased shear loads minipiles were reinforced with
circular hollow steel sections (CHS) in the top 1.8m of the pile and heavy reinforcement
cages which extend full depth. Eight of the piles from each group were designed to
withstand the additional compressive forces, while the rest resist the lateral and shear
loads.
A Section 61 order was in place throughout the works which required noise levels to be
monitored at 4 different locations to ensure compliance. Vibration monitoring was
carried out on 6 existing pile caps to ensure no damage or disruption occurred during the
piling works.

 LONDON OLYMIC STADIUM FOUNDATION

The decision is to adopt a displacement piling

system in place of the originally proposed bored
solution saw a significant reduction in pile
meterage as well as removing the need to dispose
of spoil and reducing project emissions. CO2
emissions were calculated using the new industry
standard EFFC Carbon Calculator (2014). Our
design solution resulted in the following
sustainable savings:
• Pile reduced by 34%
• Spoil saved - 2,590m3
• Programme saving - 19%
• Costs reduced by 42%
• Emissions reduced by 52%

LONDON OLYMPIC STADIUM INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR FEATURES

CONSTRUCTION PHASES OF LONDON OLYMPIC STADIUM BEFORE 2012

In 2008 In 2010 In 2012

CONSTRUCTION PHASES OF LONDON OLYMPIC STADIUM AFTER 2012
REFERENCES VIDEOS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9MdhT81QRQw&t=272s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iYpODEoLd4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VrnF_aerJs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zr0XYeHliEc

REFERENCES
https://architectureofthegames.net/2012-london/london-2012-transformation-olympic-stadium-4/
https://www. ickr.com/photos/136471641@N04/25259893783/
https://www.skyscrapercity.com/threads/london-olympic-stadium-60-000.610996/page-514
https://populous.com/project/london-olympic-stadium-transformation
https://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/2012-olympic-stadium/
https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1013545/retractable-seating-plan-for-london-2012-olympic-stadium-unveiled-publicly
https://www.vam.ac.uk/blog/sketch-product/look-2012
https://www.ice.org.uk/knowledge-and-resources/case-studies/olympic-stadium-transformation
https://architectureofthegames.net/2012-london/london-2012-transformation-olympic-stadium-started/
https://architectureofthegames.net/2012-london/london-2012-transformation-olympic-stadium-2/
https://architectureofthegames.net/2012-london/london-2012-steelconstruction-olympic-stadium/
https://architectureofthegames.net/2012-london/london-2012-transformation-olympic-stadium-3/
https://architectureofthegames.net/2012-london/london-2012-transformation-olympic-stadium-4/
https://architectureofthegames.net/2012-london/london-2012-transformation-olympic-stadium-5/
https://architectureofthegames.net/2012-london/london-2012-transformation-olympic-stadium-6-construction-new-roof-begins/
https://architectureofthegames.net/2012-london/london-2012-transformation-olympic-stadium-7-new-roof-takes-shape/
https://architectureofthegames.net/2012-london/london-2012-transformation-olympic-stadium-8-roof-structure-almost- nished/
https://architectureofthegames.net/2012-london/london-2012-transformation-olympic-stadium-9-protective-layer-of-soil-removed-from-running-track/
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