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Isuzu MU

The Isuzu MU is a mid-size SUV that was produced by


the Japan-based manufacturer Isuzu. The three-door MU Isuzu MU
was introduced in 1989, followed in 1990 by the five-door
version called Isuzu MU Wizard, both of which stopped
production in 1998 to be replaced by a second generation.
This time, the five-door version dropped the "MU" prefix,
to become the Isuzu Wizard. The acronym "MU" is short
for "Mysterious Utility". Isuzu manufactured several
variations to the MU and its derivates for sale in other
countries.

The short-wheelbase (three-door) version was sold as the


Isuzu MU and Honda Jazz in Japan, with the names Overview
Isuzu Amigo and later Isuzu Rodeo Sport used in the
Manufacturer Isuzu
United States. Throughout continental Europe, the three-
door was called Opel Frontera Sport, with the Vauxhall Production 1989–2004
Frontera Sport title used in the United Kingdom, and Body and chassis
Holden Frontera Sport in Australasia.
Class Mid-size SUV
The long-wheelbase (five-door) version was available as Body style 3/5-door wagon
the Isuzu Wizard in Japan, and in North America as Isuzu
Layout Front-engine, rear-wheel
Rodeo and the Honda Passport. Opel, Vauxhall, and
drive / four-wheel drive
Holden each also sold rebadged versions of the five-door
as the Opel Frontera, Vauxhall Frontera, and Holden Chronology
Frontera. It was also sold as the Chevrolet Frontera in Successor Isuzu Ascender (North
Egypt, the Isuzu Cameo and Isuzu Vega in Thailand, the
America)
Isuzu Frontier in South Africa, and as the Chevrolet
Rodeo in Ecuador, Colombia and Bolivia. Isuzu MU-7 (Southeast
Asia)
Opel Antara (Europe)
Contents Vauxhall Antara (United
Kingdom)
First generation (UCS55/UCS69GW; 1989–
1998) Chevrolet Captiva
Market
Second generation (UER25FW, UES25FW,
UES73FW; 1998–2004)
Markets
References

First generation (UCS55/UCS69GW; 1989–1998)


First generation
The three-door
Isuzu MU made its
debut in Japan
during 1989, with
the five-door MU
Wizard introduced
the following year.
Based on the Isuzu
1989–1992 Isuzu MU (UCS55) 3-door Faster (TF) pickup
(Australia) truck of 1988, Isuzu Rodeo
both the three- and
five-door models Overview
shared bodywork and most internal components from the Also called Isuzu Amigo
front doors forward. Like the Faster pickup, the MU and
Isuzu MU Wizard
MU Wizard featured rear- and four-wheel drive layout
configurations. Japanese sales were limited by the fact that Isuzu Cameo (Thailand)
the exterior width dimensions were not in compliance with Isuzu Rodeo
Japanese Government dimension regulations, and the
Isuzu Vega (Thailand)
engine displacement obligated Japanese drivers for higher
levels of annual road tax. Chevrolet Frontera (Egypt)
Chevrolet Rodeo
Between 1993 and 1996, Honda retailed three-door
Holden Frontera
versions of the MU under the name Honda Jazz for the
Japanese market under a model sharing arrangement that Honda Jazz
resulted in several Isuzu models being badged Honda and Honda Passport
vice versa. Opel Frontera
Vauxhall Frontera
Market Production 1989–1998
1993–2002 (Thailand)
North America
1998–2003 (Egypt)
Sales of the three-door began in the United States during Assembly Japan: Fujisawa, Kanagawa
the second quarter of 1989 under the Isuzu Amigo name. (Fujisawa Plant)
A 2.3-liter 4ZD1 inline-four engine, producing 102  hp
(76  kW) came standard with the RWD while the 4WD Egypt: 6th of October City[1]
was offered with the 2.6-liter 4ZE1 engine. The Thailand: Rayong (Isuzu
transmission was initially manual only. There were very Motors Co, Thailand)
limited options for the early Amigo including air
United Kingdom: Luton (IBC
conditioning, seating for two or four, and two trim levels
Vehicles)
to choose from, S or XS. Some of the model year changes
throughout production included: small cosmetic alterations United States: Lafayette,
for 1991, including a rounded grille, the standardization of Indiana (Subaru of Indiana
the 2.6-liter engine for 1992, and the added availability of Automotive, Inc.)
a four-speed automatic transmission on the RWD version
Designer Hiromu Wada (1987)[2]
for 1992 and 1993. For 1993, the grille was enlarged, with
the front bumper being slightly altered to accommodate it. Body and chassis
For 1994, a high mount rear stop light was added and Related Isuzu Faster (TF)
power steering and mirrors were made standard. The
Powertrain
Amigo was dropped by Isuzu in the US market for the
1995 model year. A limited number of XS-F editions (with Engine gasoline:
the "F" standing for "Frontera") were produced which had 2.0 L C20NE/X20SE I4
additional options such as power windows and locking, 2.2 L X22XE I4
four-wheel anti-lock brakes (ABS) (inactive in low-range 2.3 L 4ZD1 I4
4WD mode, only active on the rear wheels in 4WD high-
range). This version of the Amigo had only 49-state 2.4 L C24SE I4 (Australia)
emissions (reasons unknown) and there are no official 2.4 L C24NE I4 (Europe)
sales numbers, although most dealers agree there were 2.6 L 4ZE1 I4
fewer than 75 sold. The only badging that shows this
model is a sport blue XS symbol with a sport-font "F" 3.1 L LG6 V6
beside it (also sport blue). 3.2 L 6VD1/6VD1W V6
diesel:
2.3 L 23DTR turbo I4
2.5 L 4JA1 I4 (Cameo, TH)
2.5 L VM41B turbo OHV I4
2.8 L 4JB1-T turbo I4
3.0 L 4JH1-T turbo I4
1991–1992 Isuzu Amigo XS (US) 3.1 L 4JG2 turbo I4
Transmission 5-speed manual
4-speed 4L30-E
Technomatic automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase SWB: 91.7 in (2,329 mm)
LWB: 108.7 in (2,761 mm)
Curb weight 3,490–3,820 lb (1,580–
1995–1998 Isuzu MU Wizard 3.1 D
1,730 kg)
Turbo Type X (UCS69GW; Japan)
Isuzu introduced the five-door Isuzu Rodeo to the United States in
1990 for the 1991 model year. It was available with either a 2.6-
liter inline-four engine rated at 89 kilowatts (119  hp) or a 3.1-liter V6 engine made by General Motors
(GM) which had the same power output as the 2.6, but had more torque. An automatic transmission was
available for the V6. The Rodeo, like the Amigo was available in both RWD and 4WD, with the latter
featuring manually locking hubs on the S version and automatically locking hubs on the XS and top-of-the-
line LS. Rear-wheel ABS were standard feature on 4WDs. A RWD manual transmission model with a
21.9 US gal (83 L) tank was rated at 18 mpg‑US (13 L/100 km) in city driving by the EPA, and 22 mpg‑US
(11  L/100  km) on the highway. A 4WD model with the V6 and automatic transmission was rated at
15 mpg‑US (16 L/100 km) city and 18 mpg‑US (13 L/100 km) highway.

All Rodeos had a rear seat bottom which folded forward and rear seat back which folded down, extending
the 35-cubic-foot (990 L) cargo area. The vehicle's lug wrench was stored under the seat bottom, concealed
by a carpeted Velcro flap. The jack was located behind a plastic panel in the rear left of the cargo area along
with the rear windshield washer fluid reservoir if equipped. The LS was available with privacy glass,
velour upholstery, and split-folding rear seats. A secret locking compartment was fitted in the depths of the
center console below a removable cassette storage bin. The vehicle weighed 3,490–3,820 pounds (1,580–
1,730 kg), depending on engine and options.

For the 1993 model year, Isuzu replaced the GM V6 engine with their own 3.2-liter 24-valve SOHC V6
which was rated at 174  hp (130  kW). Manually locking hubs were eliminated, but the floor-mounted
transfer case shifter remained. The 1993 Rodeo featured a recalibrated suspension system, softened spring
rates and softened shock valving. The Rodeo now weighed between 3,536–4,120 pounds (1,604–
1,869 kg) and the EPA rating was 18 mpg‑US (13 L/100 km) city and 21 mpg‑US (11 L/100 km) highway.
Also for 1993, a Family II 2.4  litre four-cylinder engine from Holden was introduced, and the Rodeo
gained a third brake light above the rear window and a more refined center console. The "V6" badge on
V6 models was moved behind the front wheels. Midway through 1995, the Rodeo received an updated
dashboard and steering wheel, both of which added airbags. The "ISUZU" badge on the front grille also
shrunk in size. For 1996 Isuzu increased the power of their 3.2-liter V6 up to 194  hp (145  kW) and
262 N⋅m (193 lb⋅ft) of torque, and the top level trim LS received the same 16-inch aluminium wheels as the
Trooper, and was available in two-tone exterior colors.

Isuzu sold 24,612 Rodeos in 1991 and 45,257 Rodeos in 1992.[3] US models were manufactured at
Subaru-Isuzu Automotive, Inc. (now, Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc.) in Lafayette, Indiana. The
vehicle was still considered an import, as 75 percent of its parts were made overseas.[4]

The first generation Isuzu Rodeo and its twin, the Honda Passport received a rating of "Poor" in the IIHS
frontal offset test conducted at 40  mph due to a poor safety cage and dummy movement, and excessive
footwell intrusion that contributed to injuries to both legs.

Europe

This series was known in the United Kingdom as the Vauxhall


Frontera and in the rest of Europe as the Opel Frontera. It was
launched in November 1991 and built at the former Bedford van
factory in Luton, England; it would become known as the IBC
factory (Isuzu Bedford Company). In the 1980s the plant had come
under joint control between Isuzu and General Motors, with the
Frontera being built alongside a number of other commercial
vehicle models. The Australian and New Zealand version of the 1991–1998 Opel Frontera Sport
model range was known as the Holden Frontera and these were
also produced at the Luton facility. The Frontera was Vauxhall's
answer to the growing demand for 4X4 vehicles in Europe -
particularly the right-hand drive British market - during the 1980s,
where Japanese imported products from Daihatsu, Mitsubishi,
Nissan, Suzuki and Toyota had proven hugely successful, not to
mention the success of the long-running British Land Rover and
Range Rover. Despite the vast and growing competition in the 4X4
market, the Frontera sold well throughout Europe. 1995–1998 Holden Frontera (UT)
Sport hardtop (Australia)
The early cars (to 1995) had a choice of engines, with the LWB
available with either a 2.4-liter petrol (C24NE) engine (developed
in the Opel Manta i240) or the 2.3-liter diesel (23DTR) engine originally fitted in the Bedford CF van and
Vauxhall Carlton. The Frontera sport (Isuzu Amigo) was available with the 2.0-liter petrol Vauxhall
Cavalier engine (C20NE).

In 1995, the model went through a facelift and the Frontera received rear coil springs and a new line up of
engines. The SWB gained a new 2.0-liter petrol (X20 series) engine, updated trim, and also the first diesel
engine available for the SWB, the 2.8-liter (4JB1-TC). The LWB also had new engines, with the 2.2-liter
petrol (X22SE) and the 2.8 diesel 4JB1-TC being made available.

In the 1996–1997 models interior trim, including the dashboard, was changed, and a new 2.5-liter diesel
(VM41) engine was fitted. This engine was also used in the Range Rover Classic and Jeep Cherokee in the
UK.
A redesign took place in 1998, and the Frontera was produced in Britain for a total of 13 years until it was
finally discontinued in 2004.

Australasia

In October 1995 Holden of Australia and New Zealand introduced the MU under the Holden "Frontera"
badge in Australia and Holden "Wizard" badge in New Zealand. Designated the UT or M7 series, the
Holden was based on the three-door body and manufactured in the United Kingdom.[5] It was offered in
one level of trim, the "Sport 4 × 4", offered solely with a manual transmission.

Asia

Jiangling (Jiangling Motors Corporation Limited) Landwind in China produces a copy of the Isuzu Rodeo
for the Chinese market. It is the first SUV to fail the EuroNCAP crash tests. The Landwind is based on the
first generation Rodeo although there was no collaboration between JMC and Isuzu or GM. While the
Landwind looks like the Rodeo it is not an Isuzu vehicle.

For the Thai market, the MU Wizard was sold as the Isuzu Cameo (1993–1996) and Isuzu Vega (1999–
2004) in Thailand. The Cameo using a 2.5-liter 4JA1 diesel direct injection engine, producing 90  PS
(66 kW) at 3,900 rpm and the maximum torque of 17.8 kg⋅m (175 N⋅m; 129 lb⋅ft) at 1,800 rpm[6] came
standard. The transmission was 5-speed manual with rear wheel drive only. The equipment is the same as
in the TF and the only body style available is a five-door wagon. In 1999, Isuzu Thailand decided to have a
major change for Cameo and gave it new name Vega, equipped with four-wheel drive only. Exterior
differences from Cameo including the new frontal design, halogen headlights, 15-inch wheels with
265/70R15 tires and the spare wheel on the back door. It was introduced with 2.8-liter engine 4JB1-T and
the brand new 3.0-liter 4JH1-T turbodiesel, producing 120 PS (88 kW) at 3,800 rpm and maximum torque
of 24.5  kg⋅m (240  N⋅m; 177  lb⋅ft) at 2,000  rpm,[7] because of the development of the CCI (ISUZU
Computer Controlled Injection) and HPI (ISUZU High Pressure Fuel Injection). In addition, it connected
with a choice of 5-speed manual and "Technomatics" 4-speed automatic controlled by the TCM system
(Transmission Control Module). The driver can manually choose style of driving by "Normal mode" and
"Power mode".

Second generation (UER25FW, UES25FW, UES73FW; 1998–


2004)
Second generation

1999 Isuzu Amigo (US)

In September 1997, the second-generation MU (three-


door) and Wizard (five-door; now with "MU" prefix
dropped) were shown at the Tokyo Motor Show, with
Japanese sales starting May 1998. North American and Overview
European sales began shortly thereafter.
Also called Chevrolet Frontera
Isuzu Amigo
In 2004, Isuzu Isuzu Rodeo
added the optional Isuzu Rodeo Sport
3.5-liter V6 Isuzu Wizard
gasoline direct Holden Frontera
injection (GDI) Holden Frontera Sport
engine with
Honda Passport
250  hp (186  kW)
and 246  lb⋅ft Opel Frontera
(334  N⋅m) of Opel Frontera Sport
2004 Isuzu Rodeo (US)
torque. Isuzu was Vauxhall Frontera
the first to offer Vauxhall Frontera Sport
(GDI) in a vehicle priced under US$100,000. The Rodeo Production 1998–2004
weighs in at a little over 1,700 kg (3,800 lb), with an EPA
estimated gas mileage for 2007 of 16  mpg‑US Assembly Japan: Fujisawa Plant,

(15  L/100  km) city and 22  mpg‑US (11  L/100  km) Fujisawa, Kanagawa
United States: Lafayette,
highway for the two wheel drive model, and 15  mpg‑US
Indiana
(16  L/100  km) city and 20  mpg‑US (12  L/100  km)
Taiwan: Xinzhuang District
highway for the four wheel drive model.
(CAC)
The second generation Isuzu Rodeo and its twin, the Tunisia: Kairouan (IMM)
Honda Passport received a rating of "marginal" in the Designer Takahiro Uematsu (1996)
IIHS frontal offset test conducted at 40 mph (64 km/h) due
Body and chassis
to a possible injury to the right leg and the head, but
dummy movement was reasonably well controlled. Related Isuzu Axiom
Powertrain

Markets Engine 2.2 L X22SE I4 (gasoline)


2.2 L Z22XE I4 (gasoline)
North America
2.2 L X22DTH I4 (diesel)
The Amigo made a comeback in the US for 1998 after a 3.2 L 6VD1 V6 (gasoline)
three-year hiatus with the second generation model 3.5 L 6VE1W V6 (gasoline)
alongside the redesigned Rodeo. The Amigo was
originally only available only as a soft top with a five- Transmission 5-speed MUA5 manual
speed transmission. Standard rear-mounted spare tire, 4-speed 4L30-E automatic
ABS, and removable sunroof rounded out the feature set.
Fender flares and special 16-inch wheels were available 4-speed AW30-40LS
on the V6 and 4WD models. The Rodeo could also be automatic
optioned with a rear-mounted spare tire and its own 16- Dimensions
inch wheels on higher trim packages.
Wheelbase SWB: 2,461 mm (96.9 in)
A new 2.2-liter X22SE engine built by Holden in Australia LWB: 2,700 mm (106.3 in)
served as the base engine. Isuzu also offered the 205  hp Length SWB: 4,267 mm (168.0 in)
(153 kW) 6VD1 V6 that produced 214 lb⋅ft (290 N⋅m) of (w/ spare tire)
torque at 3000  rpm. Fuel consumption is an estimated LWB: 4,488 mm (176.7 in)
22  mpg‑US (11  L/100  km) highway. From a technical
4,653 mm (183.2 in) (w/
perspective, the Rodeo and Amigo were built with a rigid spare tire)
frame that has eight crossmembers. Front suspension has
independent lower and upper arms, with a solid rear axle. Width 1,788 mm (70.4 in)
The Rodeo and Amigo 4WD models came with a Height SWB: 1,702 mm (67.0 in)
modified Dana 44 rear axle and push-button four-wheel LWB: 1,679 mm (66.1 in)
drive. They also had a traditional floor mounted lever for
switching from high- to low-range. Underneath, both Curb weight SWB: 1,510–1,706 kg
vehicles came with protective skid plates as a standard (3,329–3,762 lb)
feature. LWB: 1,585–1,781 kg
(3,495–3,926 lb)
The North American Isuzu Amigo and Isuzu Rodeo were
built at the Subaru Isuzu Automotive, Inc. assembly plant
in Lafayette, Indiana.

1998: Second generation Rodeo and Amigo debut.


1999: The Amigo gains a hardtop version and an
optional automatic transmission. The Amigo logo is
changed to block letters to better match the Rodeo and
other Isuzu models.
2000: The Rodeo and Amigo receive a visual refresh
with beefier bumpers, new headlights, taillights, and
grille designs. On the inside, new seats and seat fabrics
are introduced. The Amigo gets its own unique grille, 2003-2004 Isuzu Rodeo (US)
light gray bumpers with faux bumper guard, matching
light gray fender flares, and black-trimmed headlights.
For the five-door Rodeo, adjustable shock absorbers were new this year and 16-inch tires
became standard on all models. Cruise control was now standard on V6 Rodeos, and an
automatic transmission became standard on the LSE edition. A new Intelligent Suspension
Control featuring a dashboard button to adjust shock damping between sport and normal
settings became standard on the LSE and optional on LS models. The Honda Passport did
not get the adjustable-shock system. A new Ironman package debuted for the LS, marking
Isuzu's sponsorship of the Ironman triathlon competition. The package included white or
black paint over gray lower body panels, crossbars for the roof rack, and special graphics.
2001: In celebration of Isuzu's 85th year, an Anniversary Edition was added, along with a
revised Ironman Package. The Amigo is renamed the Rodeo Sport.
2002: Last model year for Rodeo sales in Canada, as a result of Isuzu withdrawing from
Canada after the 2002 model year. This is also the last year for the Honda Passport.
2003: New grille and headlights debut; as well as a revised dash and steering wheel. Last
year for the Rodeo Sport. Halfway through the 2003 model year Isuzu switched to the Aisin
AW30-40LS automatic transmission. This resulted in 4WD models losing their physical
shifter and gaining a dash mounted knob to engage high and low-range.
2004: The Rodeo Sport (three-door model) is discontinued as well as the four-cylinder
engine on the Rodeo. However, a new optional 3.5-liter 250 hp (186 kW) engine debuts.
Added midyear was a standard tire-pressure monitor.

In October 2010, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recalled 1998–2002
Rodeos, 2002 Isuzu Axioms, and 1998–2002 Honda Passports due to corrosion of the vehicle's frame in
the vicinity of the rear suspension.[8] Vehicles without corrosion in the affected area would be treated with
an anti-corrosion compound. Vehicles with more severe corrosion would have a reinforcement bracket
installed. In some cases, corrosion was so severe that repairs could not be made, resulting in Isuzu and
Honda purchasing vehicles from the owners. The final MU rolled of the assembly line on June 5, 2004.

Europe

In the United Kingdom, the second generation Isuzu MU and Wizard were sold as the Vauxhall Frontera
(five-door) and Vauxhall Frontera Sport (three-door). In continental Europe it was sold as the Opel Frontera
(five-door) and Opel Frontera Sport (three-door).
After General Motors took full control over the IBC Vehicles
factory in 1998, the Frontera production line was planned to be
transferred to General Motors' Vauxhall plant in Ellesmere Port.
However, with the closure of the Vauxhall Luton plant the decision
to move was reversed. In 1998 the new model series was
introduced with a choice of 2.2- petrol, 2.2-liter diesel (X22DTH)
and 3.2-liter V6 petrol engines. Further modifications were carried
out on the diesel engine post-2001, with the final version to be
Opel Frontera (Europe)
fitted in the marque being the 2.2-liter (Y22) version. This model
met the Euro 3 Emissions standard.

The Frontera was discontinued from production at IBC Luton in


2004 (the final models in the UK were produced in Olympus trim).
In Australia and New Zealand, the Holden Frontera was replaced
by a Holden badged version of the Chevrolet Captiva model range,
while in Europe it was replaced by the Opel Antara, that was also
available as a Vauxhall.[9]

Australasia Vauxhall Frontera (United Kingdom)

Holden in Australia and New Zealand also retailed the second


generation model from February 1999 as the UE or MX series Frontera. This time, both three- and five-
door bodies were offered—now produced in the US.[5] The five-door models had the 3.2-liter V6 engine
rated at 151 kW (202 hp) and 290 N⋅m (214 lbf⋅ft) with optional automatic transmission, whilst the three-
door Frontera Sport retained a four-cylinder engine and manual transmission only. Although the Frontera
Sport came in just one specification, the five-door wagon offered base, S and SE trims. Holden facelifted
the model in 2000 with a revised front grille and front bumper, reshaped headlamps and new taillamp
lenses. In late 2001, a second upgrade arrived, bringing reductions in engine noise, the fitment of an
electronic throttle, a change to the SE model's ABS calibration to bring improvements to dirt road
performance, and several interior upgrades. Holden discontinued the Frontera Sport in June 2002. The five-
door wagon continued until 2003, with enough production stockpiled to last until mid-2004, but it was
ultimately semi-replaced with the Adventra in 2003.

Holden Frontera Sport 3-door

References
1. Satyam. "GM Egypt History" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101010141548/http://www.gmeg
ypt.com/content_data/LAAM/ME/en/GBPME/999/EG/gm_history.html). GM Egypt. Archived
from the original (http://www.gmegypt.com/content_data/LAAM/ME/en/GBPME/999/EG/gm_
history.html) on 10 October 2010. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
2. "Automotive vehicle" (https://www.google.com/patents/USD318827).
3. Mateja, Jim. M-_21_|D-_235_|Y-_1993_|resultStructure-
combined&revlogtype=19&makeid=21&modelid=235&year=1993&myid=&revlogtype=19&aff=
1993 Isuzu Rodeo Review (http://research.cars.com/go/crp/reviews.jsp?revid=28277&indcrit
eria=ASSET_TYPE-Affiliate+Review,Buying+Guide,Vehicle+Profile). Cars.com,
republished from Chicago Tribune, 31 January 1993.
4. Truett, Richard. 1993 Isuzu Rodeo Review (http://research.cars.com/go/crp/reviews.jsp?ASS
ET_TYPE=Affiliate+Review,Buying+Guide,Vehicle+Profile&revlogtype=17&makeid=21&mo
delid=235&year=1993). Cars.com, republished from Orlando Sentinel, 21 October 1993.
5. Holden Frontera 1998–2005 (http://www.marque.com.au/usedcars/040524_Holden_Fronter
a.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130511134814/http://www.marque.com.au/u
sedcars/040524_Holden_Frontera.htm) 11 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved
from www.marque.com.au on 23 February 2010
6. "Cameo profile (Thai language)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110708112638/http://cameo
-club.com/cameo_resume.htm). cameo-club.com. Archived from the original (http://cameo-cl
ub.com/cameo_resume.htm) on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
7. "Vega profile (Thai language)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110816154939/http://forums.ji
kgo.com/read.php?tid-1056-page-e-fpage-4.html). Yan Yon magazine no.415 December
2000. 3 December 2000. Archived from the original (http://forums.jikgo.com/read.php?tid-10
56-page-e-fpage-4.html) on 16 August 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
8. "Recall Alert: 1998–2002 Isuzu Rodeo, 2002 Isuzu Axiom, 1998–2002 Honda Passport –
KickingTires" (http://blogs.cars.com/kickingtires/2010/10/recall-alert-1998-2002-isuzu-rodeo-
2002-isuzu-axiom-1998-2002-honda-passport.html). Blogs.cars.com. Retrieved 4 February
2012.
9. "The Vauxhall Antara - the new Frontera" (https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/vau
xhall-antara-new-frontera). Autocar UK. Retrieved 6 March 2022.

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