Deccan Style

P R E S E N T E D B Y - A R . PA L L A V I S A X E N A
A S S I S TA N T P R O F E S S O R
LECTURE 8
 Deccan Style
Gulbarga (1347-1422),

Bidar (1422-1512),

Golkonda (1512-1687),

Bijapur (16th & 17th Centuries),

Khandesh (15th & 16th Centuries)

Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena

Assistant Professor
Unlike other Muslim rulers who made full use of indigenous art and architecture in their domains,
rulers in the Deccan largely ignored the local art and produced an independent style of their
own.

Influences in this style come from two main sources:

1.Delhi style: Due to the forced migration of Muhammad Tughlaq from Delhi to Daulatabad
(Maharashtra), many influences of Tughlaqian Delhi were brought to the south.

2. Persian Style: Due to the migration of Persians to southern India via sea.

Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena

Assistant Professor
Bijapur

The Adil Shahi kingdom arose in Bijapur at the same time as the Golkonda sultanate. While the Qutub
Shahi rulers patronized various intellectual channels, the Adil Shahi kings concentrated mainly on
architectural pursuits. Hence, the city of Bijapur has more than 50 examples of fine monuments in
the style which developed here.

Main Buildings:

1. Jami Masjid at Bijapur

2. Ibrahim Rauza

3. Gol Gumbaz

4. Mihtar Mahal

Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena

Assistant Professor
➢ Indo Islamic architecture in Bijapur, a city in the state of Karnataka flourished under the Muslim
rulers in the medieval period.

➢ This city first experienced its Islamic architecture in the end of 13th century under Allaudin Khilji and
later under the Bahamani Empire in 1347. However, Bijapur was decked and dotted with wonderful
Indo Islamic architectures during reign of the Adil Shahi dynasty in the 15th to 17th century.

➢ Bijapur became the capital of the Adil Shahi dynasty when the Bahmani Muslim kingdom broke up
in 1482.

➢ This was the period of greatest Islamic architectural and artistic achievement. During the entire
regime,Adil Shahi rulers concentrated their energies almost exclusively on architecture and on the
allied arts.

Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena

Assistant Professor
Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena
Assistant Professor
BIJAPUR (ADIL SHAHI PERIOD)
➢ However, the golden period of Indo Islamic architecture in Bijapur started during the regime of Ali Adil Shah I
which was from 1557 to 1579.

➢ He combined and expanded his kingdom, built Citadels, palaces, gardens, and pavilions.

➢ He built the Jumma Masjid / Jami Masjid to celebrate the Talikota victory.After his demise, his successor
Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580-1626) expanded his kingdom at a large extent and developed the city to its
political, cultural and territorial peak.

Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena

Assistant Professor
Architectural Development
➢ Adil Sahi dynasty started their construction to the Bijapur city during the first half of the sixteenth
century.

➢ They constructed the citadel, a fortress containing a palace, imperial buildings, and two small mosques.

➢ As the power of the Adil Shahi increased, a city developed around the citadel, and gradually they
enclosed the city within strongly fortified walls.

➢ These walls were extended over six miles in circumference, and from the citadel in the centre roads had
six city gates

➢ However, they had no direct alignment and systematic planning for the city. At the beginning of the
seventeenth century, expansion of the city became necessary for the Adil Sahi dynasty and so the
suburbs of Shahapur on the north and Ainapur on the east arose.

Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena

Assistant Professor
Style of Architecture
➢ architectural constructions were influenced from the
regional culture and thus became the
amalgamation of Turkish culture (as they belong
from theTurkish origin) with that of Indian culture.

➢ THE DOME.
It is spherical in shape and rises out of a band of conventional
petals at it`s base. These forms are repeated to a small scale as
an ornamental finish to the turrets, also these became
prominent at angles of buildings around minarets.

➢ Buildings are of average proportions.

➢ The typical shape of the arch is a four centered variety like

tudor gothic but fuller in it`s curve.

➢ Pillars are rare .

Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena

Assistant Professor
Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena
Assistant Professor
➢ substantial masonry piers. Usually rectangular in
section take place of pillar.

➢ A cornice or chajja remarkable for it`s size and

projection .

➢ closely ranked decorated brackets support chajja.

➢ ARCH SPANDRELS ,CONSISTING OF VAULTED BRACKET

HOLDING A MEDALLION( an ornamental plaque on
which is represented as an object in relief, such as a
figure, head, flower)and ABOVE THE ARCH A FOLIATED
FINIAL.

➢ Rosettes , conventional hanging lamps, running

borders interlaced symbols either carved in stone or
moulded in stucco.

Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena

Assistant Professor
Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena
Assistant Professor
JAMI MASJID ,BIJAPUR

Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena

Assistant Professor
➢ Construction of the mosque began in the city's
eastern quarter, in 1576 under Ali Adil Shah I
(r.1558-1580).

➢ It is the largest mosque of Bijapur, covering an area

of 54, 250 square feet.

➢ The main entrance gate is from the east, though the

north gate is used more frequently.

➢ The ground plan is a large rectangular structure

measuring 492 by 262 feet (150 by 80 meters)
with a square courtyard of 164 feet (50 meters).

➢ A passage from the eastern gate leads into the

courtyard, which has fountains and a large
reservoir in the center.

➢ The perimeter walls are articulated on the exterior

by two orders of superimposed arches

Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena

Assistant Professor
➢ The lower ones are ornamental while the upper ones
form a continuous open gallery that runs along three
sides of the mosque and courtyard.

➢ The arches of the gallery facing the courtyard have

fine proportions and simple lines.

➢ There are also several windows of pierced stone-work

carved in a variety of pattern.

➢ The prayer hall on the west side has a façade of seven

bays, each bay having an arched opening.

➢ The arches are equal in size, while the central arch is

delineated through delicate arabesque patterns in
stucco.

➢ The prayer hall is crowned by an elegant, well-

proportioned dome. It has a diameter of 57 feet (17.4
meters) and rises to 120 feet (36.6 meters) from the
ground.

Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena

Assistant Professor
An elaborate mural design in relief and brilliant colour was added at later date to the “mihrab”.

Mosque is simple, dignified and independent of applied art.

Ornamentation has been kept to a minimum, being of a broad and restrained order and any plastic treatment is of an
architectonic nature, more for accentuating a line or space than for embellishment.
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Assistant Professor
Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena
Assistant Professor
IBRAHIM RAUZA
(1490-1656)

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Assistant Professor
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Assistant Professor
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Assistant Professor
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Assistant Professor
➢ the Ibrahim Rauza, a mausoleum situated outside the city walls on the western side.

➢ It is the tomb of the fifth king of the Adil Sahi dynasty, Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580-1627).

➢ The rauza consists of two main buildings, a tomb and a mosque with certain accessories all standing within
a single square enclosure. It is the most perfect creation of its kind.

Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena

Assistant Professor
➢ The enclosure is only 450 feet each side, while the tomb building inside is only 115 feet.
➢ The two buildings the tomb and the mosque stand on oblong terrace 360’ x150’.

➢ The two main buildings stand on a terrace 360' X 150', At the eastern end is the tomb and Western end facing
it is mosque. The area between the two is occupied by an ornamental pool and fountain.

➢ The open court between being occupied by ornamental tank and fountain.

➢ To produce a symmetrical composition 2 buildings have been made to balance in style and volume.
Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena
Assistant Professor
➢ The tomb building follows the conventional plan, comprising a central chamber
surrounded by an arched verandah, the whole surmounted by a dome.

➢ Two of the arches on each facade are narrower than the others, providing a subtle
variety in the voids.

➢ This alteration in spacing is a feature carried through in the rest of the composition,
emphasized also by the intervals between the ornamental finials above the parapet.

➢ Tall minar-shaped turrets rise from each corner of the building.

Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena
Assistant Professor
➢The enormously ornamented and bracketed upper storey is the crowning feature
of the composition with the bulbous dome.

➢Within the arched verandah is a row of pillars, forming a double arcade around the
mausoleum chamber.

➢The entire structure is profusely ornamented, especially the outer wall of which
every part is covered with ornamental carving.

Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena

Assistant Professor
MOSQUE

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Assistant Professor
Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena
Assistant Professor
GOL GUMBAZ

The name is based on Gola gummata derived from Gol

Gombadh meaning "circular dome". It follows the style
of Deccan architecture .
mausoleum for sultan Ibrahim Adil Shah I.

Surroundings

The mausoleum is part of a bigger complex. The other

buildings in the complex are
1. A mosque (to the west)
2. A gateway called Naqqar Khana (drum house)
3. A dharmasala or rest-house.

Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena

Assistant Professor
▪ Gol Gumbaz is one of the biggest single chamber
structures in the world

▪ The central dome is the second largest in the world

(the largest being the dome of St Peter s Basilica in
Rome) which stands unsupported by pillars measuring
at 38 meters in diameter and covering an area of
1700 sq m with 51 meters in height.

▪ The structure is composed of a cube, 47.5 metres (156

ft) on each side, capped by a dome 44 m (144 ft) in
external diameter.

▪ The walls are 3 m thick and 30.5 m in height. The

measurement from the interior is 41m on each side

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Assistant Professor
PLAN

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Assistant Professor
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Whispering Gallery

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Assistant Professor
Presented By- Ar. Pallavi Saxena
Assistant Professor