Winter Semester 2021-22

Class Course Course

Course Title Class Id Slot
Group Code Type
General Network and Embedded
CSE1004 VL2021220502957 L5+L6
(Semester) Communication Lab

Student Details: Student Name: Akshatt Kain

Roll/Reg No: 20BCE2167
Email: Akshatt.kain2020@vitstudent.ac.in
Mobile: 9910753914
Faculty Details: Faculty Name: VENKATA PHANIKRISHNA B
School: SCOPE
Email: Venkata.phanikrishna@vit.ac.in
As.No. 1
Assessment Title. Networking hardware and OS commands
Date of Submission 25-Jan-2022

Format/Frame Work
Question Professor will give it.
Program or Should be typed content,
Related It may be program, syntax, or theory.
Content Screen Shorts are not acceptable.

Note: Student name should be specified in given content (i.e., Include your name
in comment)
Output: Probably Typed or copy-past content of your program output. If it is difficult, then
put output-screen shorts.

NOTE: Include your name in the comment.

Your
Observation

Questions:
1. Explain about following properties of various networking components?
Device name Used in IEEE Properties Limitations Any other
Layer standard device
(if their) batter than
this
device.
NIC(Network Data link - 1)Transfer rate: 1)Information is
Interface layer 10100 to 1000 unstable
Card ) mbps 2)a few
2)Converts peripherals can
data into a get stopped when
digital signal numerous nic
ports are used.
3)information
security is
minimal
Hub Physical 1)Connects a 1)consumes more Switch
layer network of bandwidth and
computers also limits the
together amount of
2)transmits communication
data in form of 2)Can’t filter data
electric signal which results in
or bits the data packets
3)its to be sent to all
transmission connected
type is devices.
broadcast 3)Not intelligent
4) Non to find the best
intelligent path for data
device transmission
5)It
transmission
mode is Half
Duplex
Switch Data Link 1)Connects 1)Network Router
layer multiple connectivity
devices problem can be
together by difficult to trace
providing a 2)Broadcast
direct traffic may cause
connection problems.
between source 3)High Cost
and destination 4)Isn’t as good as
2)Transmits routers in limiting
data in the form broadcasts
of frames and
packets
3) It is an
intelligent
device
 4)Transmission
mode is
Half/Full
duplex
Router Network IEEE 1)Manages and 1)Expensive than
layer 802.11 forwards data other network
packets devices
between 2)Slower as it
computer needs to analyse
networks data from layer 1
2)Transmits to layer 3.
data in the form 3)May cause less
of packets. bandwidth for
3)It is an user data.
intelligent
device
4)Transmits
data in full
duplex mode.

Gateway Network 1)Forms a 1)Implementation

Layer passage is difficult
between 2 2)Can cause time
networks delay as it takes
operating with more time for
different translating
transmission information.
protocols 3)Probability of
2)Can be failure is high so
unidirectional connection might
or drop
bidirectional.
3)Provides
compatibility
between
different
protocols used
in different
networks
Bridge Data link 1)Creates a 1)Doesn’t filter Switch
layer connection broadcasts
between 2 2)Expensive as
separate compared to
computer repeaters.
networks or 3)Delays are
divide one introduced due to
network into buffering of
two. frames
2)Stores MAC 4)As it simply
address of PC forwards the
available in a broadcast, high
network. amount of
 3)It reduces broadcast traffic
network traffic. could occur
Repeater Physical IEEE 1)Amplifies or 1)Can’t connect
layer 802.3 regenerates an dissimilar
incoming networks
signal before 2)They can’t
retransmitting reduce network
it. traffic.
2)Can 3)May increase
reconstruct the possibility of
signals packet collisions
distorted by
transmission
loss.
Ethernet Data link IEEE 1)Higher 1)If the traffic is
layer 802.3 flexibility due increased in
to bus topology ethernet its
2)It uses efficiency
decentralized decreases so it
access control. isn’t suitable for
3)It is a traffic intensive
broadcast applications
network. 2)They are half-
duplex devices.
3)Difficult to
troubleshoot

Firewall Network 1)It allows 1)Can’t stop users

layer and non- from accessing
Transport threatening malicious
layer traffic to flow websites.
and keeps 2)Can’t prevent
infected traffic attackers with
out. modems from
2)It gives dialling in and out
access to only of internal
valid data network.
packs 3)Can’t protect
3)Ensures a against transfer of
secure system infected files or
data.
Wireless Data link IEEE 1)Acts as a 1)Poor stability as
Access Point layer 802.11 portal for the transmission
a,b,g,n devices to medium is air
connect to a 2)Expensive
LAN
2)Used for
extending
wireless
coverage of a
network.
 2. Explain different networking devices that help put your system in a network?
Properties WiFi bluetooth USB RJ45 Infrared(IR
)
Range High Low - - Very low
range(150-300 range(30 range
feet) feet)
Power High High No issues of No issues of High
Consumptio consumption(2 Consumptio power power consumption
n -20 watts) but n and consumptio consumption and
manageable. managing is n managing is
difficult due also very
to phone’s difficult
battery.
Cost High Cost Lower cost Depends on Depends on Low cost
length of the length of the
wire wire
Scaling Large number Two devices If one cable If one cable Unicasting.
of systems can can be is used then is used then
be connected. connected unicasting, 2 unicasting, 2
(Broadcasting, with one cables are cables are
Multicasting, another. used then used then
Unicasting) (Unicasting) multicasting multicasting
and if more and if more
number of number of
cables are cables are
used then used then
broadcasting broadcasting
. .
Speed Average(100 Very limited Maximum Maximum Speed is
mbps) (1-3mbps) speed is speed is very low.
obtained obtained (115kbps-
1.15Mbps)
Latency >=100 ms is 34ms is ideal 1ms 50-125 Around 7ms
optimal but it may go microsecond
up to 100- s
300ms
Frequency 2.4 Ghz/5 Ghz 2.45 Ghz 240Mhz 125 Mhz – 300 Ghz-430
20Ghz Thz

3. Explain useful OS commands to check network-related information?

Question Explain useful OS commands to check network-related information.
Program or ifconfig
Related ifconfig -a
Content sudo ifconfig netmask 255.255.255.0
Output:

Your -ifconfig displays current network configuration information.

Observation -Also, it can set up an ip address, netmask and broadcast to a network interface.

Question Explain useful OS commands to check network-related information.

Program or ping vit.ac.in
Related
Content
Output:

Your -ping tests connectivity between 2 nodes.

Observation -it verifies whether a computer can communicate over the network with another
computer or network device.

Question Explain useful OS commands to check network-related information.

Program or traceroute google.com
Related
Content
Output:

Your -traceroute displays the path/route taken by a node to reach the host.
Observation -when a packet is transferred from one network segment to another, a hop is occurred.
-Data passes a number of network devices from source to destination.

Question Explain useful OS commands to check network-related information.

Program or netstat
Related netstat -a
Content netstat -at
netstat -au
netstat -l
netstat -lt
netstat -lu
netstat -lx
netstat -s
netstat -st
netstat -su
netstat -tp
netstat -ac 5
netstat -r
netstat -i
netstat -ie
netstat -g
netstat -c
netstat -ap
netstat --statistics --raw

Output:
Your -netstat displays network status and is a useful tool for troubleshooting
Observatio network problems.
n -It also lists all ports, TCP, UDP, listening ports connections, listening TCP
and UDP ports, UNIX listening ports, statistics by protocol(also UDP and
TCP’s statistics), service name with PID number, Kernel Ip routing, network
interface packet transactions, interface table, multicast group membership
info and RAW network statistics.
Question Explain useful OS commands to check network-related information.
Program or dig
Related dig-v
Content dig linux.org
dig linux.org +short
dig linux.org +noall +answer
dig +nocmd google.com a +noall +answer
Output:
Your -dig(Domain Information Groper) is used for querying DNS name servers.
Observatio -Its used for verifying and troubleshooting DNS problems and also displays
n answers that are returned from the name servers queried.

Question Explain useful OS commands to check network-related information.

Program or nslookup vit.ac.in
Related nslookup -type=ns vit.ac.in
Content nslookup -type=soa vit.ac.in
nslookup -type=any vit.ac.in
Output:
Your -nslookup tests and troubleshoots DNS servers and also query specific DNS resource
Observation records as well.
-it can also check NS records, start of authority, and all available DNS records.

Question Explain useful OS commands to check network-related information.

Program or host vit.ac.in
Related
Content
Output:

Your -host finds out the IP address of a particular domain

Observation - Also , it can find domain name from IP address as well.