PEACE AND

GOVERNANCE FOR
DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT
P225: LECTURE 1
OUTLINE
Lesson 1:
Introduction to Peace
Studies

Lesson 2: Key Concepts

and Different Threats to
Peace
Question:
What is peace?
investigates the reasons
for and outcomes of
large- and small- scale
conflicts

PEACE AND CONFLICT

STUDIES
addresses the effects of
political, cultural, social
violence and what can be
done to resolve conflicts
peacefully
PEACE AND CONFLICT
STUDIES
Contributions of
PCS:
conflict resolution
political reform
peacebuilding
Comparing PCS
with disaster
management
Natural forces creates natural hazards
while human behavior creates
conflicts.
HISTORY OF PEACE
STUDIES/EDUCATION
 HISTORY
Unfortunately due to almost
constant fighting and
disturbances since the end of
WWI there has developed a
desire for studying how to
eradicate these ceaseless
conflicts in a more structured
manner.
 POSITIVE vs.
NEGATIVE PEACE
Johan Galtung, the father of peace
studies often refers to the distinction
between ‘negative peace’ and ‘positive
peace’
 NEGATIVE PEACE
Negative peace refers to the absence
of violence.

Example:
a ceasefire is enacted, a negative peace will
ensue. It is negative because something
undesirable stopped happening (e.g. the
violence stopped, the oppression ended).
 POSITIVE PEACE
Positive peace is filled with positive
content such as restoration of
relationships, the creation of social
systems that serve the needs of the
whole population and the constructive
resolution of conflict.
Peace therefore exists where people are
interacting non-violently and are
managing their conflict positively – with
respectful attention to the legitimate
needs and interest of all concerned
 DIRECT/PHYSICAL
1
war, human rights abuses

STRUCTURAL/ECONOMIC/POLITICAL
2
TYPES OF hunger, poverty

VIOLENCE ECOLOGICAL
3
pollution, biological warfare

SOCIAL/CULTRAL
4
alienation, racism
POSSIBLE
CAUSES OF
WAR
territorial disputes
lack of tolerance for
differences
ideology
history of colonialism
compeition of resources
 Next meeting:

Peace Themes
Concepts of Peace and Violence
-end-