THOUGHTS ON THE CONCEPT OF TIME

Dr. Ahmet Toprak

akademi.toprak@gmail.com

Why is everything in motion? Why is there mobility? Why is everything constantly

changing and dynamic? Why is there no absolute stability? What is the source and
compelling power of movement, change? What is the driving force that makes a
matter, a particle, move forward rather than stop at the infinite absolute? Why is
photon which traveling at the speed of light on the move? Why did everything that
exists, the macro and microcosm, prefer/had to do a mobility instead of freezing?
What is the essence that causes this mobility, this preference?

Time...

Time removes everything that exists from stagnation and ensures the existence of
mobility and life. Biological molecules can only move from one place to another if
there is a concept of time, and in this way they can ensure the existence of life. If
there is no concept of time, there can be no talk of life, since there can be no talk of
mobility. Even thinking and feeling are possible only if there is a concept of time.
Time; It constitutes the essence of atoms, molecules, biological molecules, planets,
stars, galaxies, being able to think, feel, get rid of zero moment/non-
existence/waiting/frozenness, exist, and understand that we exist. If there were no
time, if time did not flow, everything that exists would freeze, and we would not be
able to understand that there is anything, and we would not be able to talk about life
in this way.

Time is constantly flowing whether we want it or not, whether we are sitting or not,
whether we are in motion or not, whether we travel by car, plane, ship, rocket or not.
Seconds and minutes pass in every letter, every sentence that comes out of our
mouth. In each chemical reaction that takes place in our body, in each breath, in
each heartbeat, seconds pass.

In classical physics; The distance a particle takes in space is proportional to the

speed of that particle and how long that particle spends with that speed.
 A B

Start time Finish time

𝑥
(𝑡S ) (𝑡F )

The length (|AB|) of a path between A and B is defined by 𝑥 (unit is meter=m) and

the velocity of a particle (human, car, ant etc.) is 𝑣 (unit is meter/second=m/s) and

the elapsed time (if the particle is at any 𝑡Start = 𝑡S starting time, for example, when
it looks at our watch, let it start from point A at 10 o'clock, and when it reaches point
B, if we express the time it sees when it looks at the clock on its arm, as 𝑡Finish = 𝑡F ,

the time elapsed between A and B is 𝑡F − 𝑡S = 𝑡) by 𝑡 (unit is seconds=s), then the

distance (𝑥 ) traveled by the particle in time 𝑡 with velocity 𝑣 is given by:

𝑥 =𝑣∙𝑡 (1)

According to equation (1); For example, if the speed of a particle is 10 m/s, this
particle will travel 36,000 m (36 km) in 1 hour (1 hour = 3600 s).

Although Equation (1) looks quite simple, it actually contains some extraordinary
secrets:

1- If there is no time flow (𝑡F − 𝑡S = 𝑡 = 0), then 𝑥 = 0, that is, there will be no
movement, no walking in space, we would be standing still, freezing.

2- Since velocity (𝑣 ) is the measure of a particle's mobility (metre⁄saniye = m⁄s), if

time does not flow (𝑡F − 𝑡S = 𝑡 = 0), no travel can take place in space, either,
this will mean that we cannot talk about any mobility or speed.

3- If nothing we see around us is actually in a frozen state, if everything that exists is

in a state of constant change, if electrons are in constant motion around the atom,
if the space-universe is in a constant state of expansion, if the particles that make
up our body are in constant vibration, if our tissues, organs, If our cells, enzymes,
proteins, DNA are in constant motion, If a stone we think is standing still, the
atoms forming a wall, are actually in a state of constant motion-vibration, if the
world we think is stationary is actually moving around itself, around the sun and in
 space, if our galaxy is moving, if the whole universe is moving, if everything that
exists is actually in a constant movement, if we can think, if we can feel, if we can
see, and all this because there really isn't zero time, no time that doesn't flow and
mobility=existence appears as a real (non-virtual) feature that time brings to
space. Time co-exists with existing space/space and acts as a part of it, its
texture. Just as a particle (matter, plant, animal, human, etc.) when it exists in our
space-time, it necessarily materializes (or it exists with an energy value)-it gains
the feature of space (it occupies a volume, a space gap) to have any geometry
due to the nature of the space we are in, in the same way, it gains mobility-
existence by being under the influence of time. Otherwise, it will mean that
matter/atom/particles will be absolutely frozen in space-time and will be
motionless.

Every cellular movement, every chemical reaction, every breath we take, every
heartbeat in our body exists because time flows, and time is the key to the existence
of mobility and life. When viewed from this angle; Time has been put forward to
define, classify, order and relate the variability, state difference, dynamism, mobility,
difference, passing process, period, distance, speed, continuity, days, hours, months,
years between physical objects and related events and so that time means much
more than a quantitative measure, a point, a line, a number, an abstract concept.

Time is a concept, a power whose nature has not been fully understood and defined,
that people have not yet been able to understand and restrain, and which cannot be
freed from captivity. Man is born under this power and continues his life thanks to this
power. If there were no time, there would be no motion, if there were no motion,
nothing that we know to exist at the moment could not exist (or at least we could not
be aware of their existence, we could not understand them, we could not think about
them, we could not see them). Space or existence is meaningful only if there is a
concept of time. For this reason, when it comes to life/mobility, space-time is
considered as two intertwined concepts that can only exist together.

Time; At high velocities, it flows more slowly around a very massive star than around
a black hole than an unexposed particle. So time; It does not have a structure/feature
that remains fixed, is the same at every point in space, does not change, flows the
same for everyone, and has the same effect.
As soon as a particle exists, it inevitably takes on a
geometry/shape/matter/energy/body/topology/morphology due to the nature of our
space-time. For each particle (matter, plant, stone, human, fermion, boson, cosmic
ray, etc.) in the same space, although the space texture is the same (3-dimensional
space space with coordinates like x-y-z), different geometry/shape/structure (as a
function, variable of space coordinates such as x-y-z) can be defined (if it has width,
height, height, a topology, a morphology), and if the
geometry/shape/structure/topology/morphology defined for this particle characterizes
a physical/material/formal structure unique to that particle, then for each particle that
exists in space-time, the same space/coordinates, there is a unique time
structure/texture accompanying geometry/topology/morphology. And this time texture
adhered to the geometric/corporeal/material/energetic structure, topology, and
morphology of that particle, naturally exists with it as a property of space-time as
soon as it exists.

Just as we use the general coordinate planes (such as x-y-z coordinates) that define
an object to describe also the whole space, if these invisible x-y-z coordinates form
the skeletons of space, and if we can define the geometry/existence of any object in
the space texture defined by these x-y-z coordinates locally, for example x3,
x2+y2+z2=r2 using these x-y-z coordinates, in the same way, time, as a texture that
is permeated into the fabric of the entire space and cannot be separated from it, both
adds mobility to this space by being spread over the entire space-time, and also
allows the existence of its own local time for each particle locally. In this way, while
there is a time flow permeated into the fabric of space throughout the universe, there
is also a local time flow that also exists for each particle. In this way, different times
and different half-lives can exist for each particle. This is also; It will also mean that a
change in the texture/property of space-time due to any cosmic reason will affect all
the geometric structures in this space-time and their local times, and will differentiate
them (For example, if the texture of space is suddenly reduced from 3 dimensions to
2 dimensions due to any cosmic reason, everything in this universe will suddenly be
trapped in a plane, as in the images on a newspaper, and since time is tightly bound
to this dimension. will be automatically affected by this change).
The 𝑡 (time) dimension that accompanies the physical structure of a particle
containing the x-y-z coordinates surrounds the physical structure (space) of the entire
particle, creating the invisible force field that provides the mobility of the particle
locally. If the time dimension in question did not encompass the entire universe and
every particle locally, the existence of any particle, a hormone, an enzyme, a human
being materially, only in the moment, would never make any sense. Because
sequential breathing, sequential heartbeat, chemical reactions in the cell, electron
movements around the atom, in short, all life requires a movement of time, and for
mobility there must be a flow of time. Here, time appears as an invisible force field,
just as a dimension responsible for the movement of everything that exists, just as
invisible magnetic fields move iron powders.

The fact that time can change at very high speeds, in black holes, around a very
dense mass, according to an external observer who is not exposed to these effects,
shows that as a general concept, time does not just surround whole space, it is not in
an unchanging and continuous structure. It also reinforces the idea that time is a side
of a particle that accompanies it, surrounds it, is a part of it, directly belongs to that
particle, is unique to it, just as it is in the physical structure of a particle (as in the
morphological structure of the particle that belogs to particle itself). This shows that
time is not a virtual concept invented by us to understand events, it is as real as
space, it can be changed, manipulated and controlled.

Is it possible to freeze or speed up time? Is it possible to control the dynamics of

processes between events in the physical world? Is it possible to control the
destruction caused by a big storm, to freeze an assassin's bomb in the local time and
save innocent lives, to save a creature that is falling from an apartment building by
freezing the local time of that creature before it falls to the ground?

This is possible if each particle has a local time dimension accompanying it. Without
affecting the space-time around the particle, by simply controlling the local time of
that particle with an external effect, the local time of the particle can be made to flow
rather slowly, accelerate, or flow backwards rather than forwards.
Starting from Newton's law of motion, an equation can be written for the concept of

time by referring to one dimension (let's take the 𝑥 plane) in the Cartesian coordinate

system, as seen in Equation (2):

∆𝑈(𝑥) ∆𝑣
𝐹 =𝑚∙𝑎 → (− ∆𝑥
) = 𝑚 ∙ ( ∆𝑡 ) →
∆𝑥
𝑚∙∆𝑣 𝑚∙
[(−∆𝑈(𝑥))] ∙ ∆𝑥 = ∆𝑡 → ∆𝑡
[(−∆𝑈(𝑥))] ∙ ∆𝑥 = ∆𝑡 →
𝑚
[(−∆𝑈(𝑥))] ∙ ∆𝑥 2 = ∆𝑡 2 →
1/2
𝑚
[(−∆𝑈(𝑥))] ∙ ∆𝑥 = ∆𝑡 (2)

In equation (2), m represents the mass of the object. The expression ∆𝑈(𝑥) =

𝑈𝐹 (𝑥𝐹 ) − 𝑈𝑆 (𝑥𝑆 ) is the potential difference and is defined as the amount of work
required to move an object of mass m from one point to another in space under an
external force field. The “-negative” sign in front of the potential difference expression
∆𝑈(𝑥) indicates that the movement will always occur from high potential to low
potential for positive mass. ∆𝑥 = 𝑥𝐹 − 𝑥𝑆 represents the path difference between

two points where the object moves in space, and ∆𝑡 = 𝑡𝐹 − 𝑡𝑆 represents the time
difference between two points where the object moves in space while moving from
one point to another.

According to equation (2), time is; It is the displacement of mass in space under an
external potential field (energy). Since everything in the universe is in motion, it is not
possible to stop or freeze the universal time, since every particle in the universe is
dependent on time, according to equation (2), time is; It is also possible to define it as
a potential field, a force field, an energy field that enables the displacement of the
mass (particle with any mass/energy) in space.
Since time is in a continuous flow for every particle in the universe (not zero, not
frozen), since every particle in the universe is in constant motion, since there is no
absolute stasis (for everything that exists, such as a mountain, stone, house, which
we think is stationary), in equation (2), the external potential field ∆𝑈(𝑥) must also
take a non-zero value. This means that this external potential field is a force field
(energy) that fills the entire 3-dimensional universe (like water filling a bucket),
creates a potential/a force/a field (energy) for every particle that surrounds them,
which ensures their motion and compels particles to act. No point in the universe is
independent of this potential field. In the expanding universe, the potential between
any two points in the fabric of the universe is in a constant state of flux such that it
never stays the same.

The universe is constantly expanding, creating a continuous potential between any

two points in the fabric of space, allowing every particle in the universe to travel
forward in space (and time). Since the universe is in a constant state of expansion-
stretching, even if we do not move, we are constantly moving through space where
we stand, never occupying the same space fabric/space. We are oriented forward
(like a ball resting on a sheet of rubber being pulled, stretched), never to be found in
the fabric of space a second ago.

Any particle takes any "𝑥" path in space at any "𝑡" instant/time. This is valid for
every particle (matter/energy), stone, soil, bacteria, virus, DNA, protein, hormone,
human, plant, sun, galaxy, universe in the universe. The sum of each "𝑥" path
corresponding to each "𝑡" moment defined for each of these entities actually
constitutes the universe we currently see and live in. In fact, for every particle
(everything composed of matter/energy) there is an "𝑥" space corresponding to each
"𝑡" moment/time and the motion of each particle through its fate or half-life is actually
the sequential sum of the "𝑥" spaces corresponding to each "𝑡" moment/time. Even
if the particle (matter/energy) does not physically travel in space, even in a stationary
state, it moves forward/future in the universe in a continuous motion by occupying
and filling an "𝑥 , 𝑡" space-time part in space-time. Our space-time cluster "𝑥 , 𝑡" (the
space-time fabric we see, live, and are in) that we currently occupy in a stagnant
space-time is never the same as our "𝑥 , 𝑡" space-time cluster 1 second ago or our
space-time cluster "𝑥 , 𝑡" 1 second later. The space-time potential variable of each
cluster exists in space-time by decomposing to form different space-time (past/future)
clusters/realities. And the sum of these clusters determines the total motion, life
cycle, half-life, destiny of a particle (matter/energy) in space-time. As a result; We can
say that the fate of each particle (of all existing matter/energy) consists of the sum of
these quantal (instantaneous) "𝑥 , 𝑡" space-time clusters one by one, and that each

"𝑥 , 𝑡" space-time cluster contains all the reality of that particle regarding that quantal
instant.

Time is indeed a force that drives us through space-time, even when we stand still.
Imagine that you are sitting still in bed, but this does not mean that time does not
flow. In fact, the temporal potential power/energy covering the entire space has
already taken you from your space-time point and dropped you off to the next space-
time point. Even if you lie still in your bed, your space-time one second ago is never
equal to your space-time one second later, and it is now your past, you have already
traveled through space-time to leave those moments behind. This shows that
regardless of whether we actually move, a space-time is constantly being created for
man, for plant, for animal, for stones, for planets, for the entire macro and microcosm.
In response to each "𝑡" moment/time, "𝑥" spaces that are constantly being
created/existing…

If we take Equation (2) as a differential equation and look at how a particle will travel
in space-time during its lifetime/half-life;

1/2 1/2
𝑚 𝑥𝐹 𝑚 𝑡
[(−∆𝑈(𝑥))] ∙ ∆𝑥 = ∆𝑡 → ∫𝑥𝑆 [(−𝑑𝑈(𝑥))] ∙ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑆 𝐹 𝑑𝑡 (3)

We arrive at a conclusion. If such an equation exists for any particle at any instant,
then there is a "𝑑𝑥" displacement for each particle (matter/energy) existing at any
instant, and, however, we can say that each "𝑥" expression not only describes an
ordinary position at that moment, but also the space itself (all the universe we see,
live, exist) directly. This "𝑥" expression will refer to everything that exists that we
see/cannot see at that moment, the sun, earth, plant, animal, glass, their
morphological and topological shapes, that is, everything we see except time.
Because at any "𝑡" moment, an explosion in the sun, the movement of the sun, the
movement of the galaxy, the photosynthesis of plants, the running of animals, the
reproduction of a bacterium all take place in an "𝑥" space. In other words,
considering that "𝑥" is not just an ordinary position, but all particles (matter/energy) in
the universe and all events related to these particles occur simultaneously, we can
say that the expression "𝑥" in the equation automatically includes the entire reality of
each moment (every point in the universe that a particle is interlocutor with or sharing
the same moment with that particle, existing at the same time, the whole
visible/invisible universe at the moment).

All this to us; In fact, if an expression like Equation (3) can be written separately for
each macro and micro particle in the universe at any time, in fact, like the time
expression that expresses any moment in Equation (3) in total and in the most
general sense, It leads to the conclusion that the expression "𝑥" exists as a general
concept that can define the entire space/space and all the topology/morphology (all
visible-invisible space reality) within it at any given moment. In this way, an
event/movement (any "𝑥" space/topology/morphology) existing at any instant (any
"𝑡" time) can always be associated with a function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) for this moment and
location. And all the space-time fabric of that moment, with all its topology and
morphology, everything that belongs to that moment, with each reality can be defined
through a subspace/a cluster/a hologram/a superspace. In this way, at any moment
and for any location, all information can exist in a state of vibration at every moment
with its past, present and future, always existing in a way that will never disappear in
the fabric of space-time.

What we call movement/life according to time is actually nothing more than a space-
time cluster of space/visible-unseen reality of each moment lined up one after the
other. As soon as all micro and macro particles (matter/energy, atoms, planets,
human, plant, animal) exist, they make their way through time by choosing among
the clusters belonging to each moment in the super space where there are infinitely
possible clusters [all the visible-unseen universe reality of that moment, a universe
image/reality where we prefer to eat a pear rather than an apple at any moment, or a
universe image/reality that we prefer to go to work by walking rather than by car, a
universe view/reality that we choose not to harm or harm someone, all these and all
the possibilities that may exist for each moment are located in superspace as a
cluster/abstract space that has not yet been experienced/preferred. Whenever a
choice is made depending on any level of consciousness (with the effect of the 5th
dimension), the cluster/space belonging to that moment is selected for that particle
that makes the choice from the superspace, and it is transferred to the upper space
and attains a reality/life for that particle. The superposition state of all
clusters/spaces, selected separately, according to the different preferences made by
each particle (everything that exists as matter/energy) depending on the level of
consciousness it has under the influence of the 5th dimension, the superposition
state of all the clusters/spaces we currently perceive, see, live, experience, measure,
İt directly constitutes space-time itself. Also from here; When the consciousness level
of the human being is taken into consideration, it is seen that the effect of the 5th
dimension is revealed at very different levels (as in the energy levels in the atom) in
all living and non-living structures] depending on their consciousness levels through
the 5th dimension (consciousness dimension) and drifting
(progressing/living/completes half-life) between the preferred clusters (your
choices/preferences/lives/sets/paths) through the 4th dimension (time). While the 4th
dimension (time dimension) provides to a particle to fuel that moves the engine of a
car, the 5th dimension, which represents the consciousness-thought dimension,
gives the steering control that we can drive the car wherever we want (Figure-1).
 B
𝑥𝐹 , 𝑡𝐹
A
𝑥𝑆 , 𝑡𝑆

The total path traveled

𝑑𝑡 by a particle in space-
time during its half-life
𝑑𝑥

Any 𝑑𝑥 space/set corresponding to

any instant 𝑑𝑡

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡) By associating the 𝑑𝑥 space with a function

It's just one of the
endless
possibilities/sets/abstract
spaces/preferences that
exist in superspace
before it takes on a
concrete reality, a space
structure.
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑡), it can be associated with another
subset that will include not only the dx
motion of a particle in space, but also the
entire space reality (all the world we see at
that moment, planets, colors, etc.,
everything that exists) for that instant. This
cluster is only one of an infinite number of
clusters in superspace, and is selected
depending on the preferences made by the
particle according to the level of
consciousness it has with the effect of the
5th dimension.

Figure-1. Space-time structure of the motion of a particle at any instant.

“I swear to time”
Qur'an, Surah Al-Asr 1

“...And verily, a day with your Lord is as a thousand years of what you reckon.”
Qur'an, Surah Al-Hajj 47

"...The angels and the Ruh [Jibril (Gabriel)] ascend to Hu’m (Allah) in a Day the
measure whereof is fifty thousand years."
Qur'an, Surah AI-Ma'irij 4

These verses in the Qur'an, the book of God, undoubtedly indicate that time is not
just an abstract concept invented by people, but has a created concrete/real
structure. And variable shows that it constitutes the source of an enormous power
that does not flow at the same speed everywhere.

The verses below show that everything in the universe (living/non-living,

matter/energy, electron, atom, plant, animal, human, soil, stone, etc.) has a
consciousness. And this consciousness shows that every being has different
levels/ranges of consciousness, just as there are different energy levels in atoms.

Then Hu (Allah) rose over(Istawd) towards the heaven when it was smoke, and said
to it and to the earth: "Come both of you willingly or unwillingly." They both said: "We
come willingly."
Qur'an, Surah Fussilat 11

Truly, We did offer Al-Amanah (the trust or moral responsibility or honesty and all the
duties which Allah has ordained) to the heavens and the earth, and the mountains,
but they declined to bear it and were afraid of it (i.e. afraid of Allah's Torment). But
man bore it. Verily, he was unjust (to himself) anft ignorant (of its results ).
Qur'an, Surah AI-Ahzab 72

And there were gathered before Sulaiman (Solomon) his hosts of jinn and men, and
birds, and they all were set in battle order (marching forward). Till, when they came to
the valley of the ants, one of the ants said: "O ants! Enter your dwellings, lest
Sulaiman (Solomon) and his hosts should crush you, while they perceive not." So he
[Sulaiman (Solomon)] smiled, amused at her speechlll and said: "My Lord! Grant me
the power and ability that I may be grateful for Your Favours which You have
bestowed on me and on my parents, and that I may do righteous good deeds that will
please You, and admit me by Your Mercy among Your righteous slaves." He
inspected the birds, and said: "What is the matter that I see not the hoopoe? Or is he
among the absentees? "I will surely punish him with a severe torment, or slaughter
him, unless he brings me a clear reason." But the hoopoe stayed not long: he (came
up and) said: "I have grasped (the knowledge of a thing) which you have not grasped
and I have come to you from Saba' (Sheba) with true news.
Qur'an, Surah An-Naml 17-22

For a nuclear particle, we can clearly define its half-life, its decay equation, its motion
in space-time and what it will turn into after decay and draw its roadmap/destiny in all
space-time. By defining the general motion of electrons revolving around an atom, we
can determine the effect of electrons on the behavior of the atom, the behavior of
atoms on the behavior of molecules, the behavior of molecules on more nano-micro
structures such as crystals, and the effects of nano-micro structures on more macro
structures through quantum and statistical calculations. And we can assign a
statistical behavior/direction/destiny for all of them. By observing plants, animals,
insects, planets, stars, galaxies, observing their life cycles, observing the weather, we
can determine weather forecasts for weeks, months, years, and statistically reveal
the behavior of all these in space-time.

When we look at the sky right now, we see the Sun 8 minutes ago, that is, its past.
Right now, while we are living the moment, the Sun is experiencing its future 8
minutes from us. Even though very distant stars and galaxies are living their moment
right now, according to us, they actually live years later, centuries later, and we are
seeing only their past and dealing with their past right now. Within the same space
fabric, at the moment, each particle shares a different time. In other words, those in
the same space in space share the same time, while those who share different space
share different times relative to each other. All this tells us that the future and the past
are actually based on what and according to whom, and that a defined past and
future is ready at every moment. In other words, while we are living the present
moment, both the past and the future are living their moment in their own space-time
cluster, and that moment continues to exist in a continuous vibration, never to
disappear.

Life actually consists of moments like the pages of a book, and the sum of these
moments/pages (together with the time that provides the transition between the
pages, the movement, and the thought-consciousness dimension) directly constitutes
life itself. There are separate moments for each particle (everything in existence
consisting of matter/energy), separate books created by these, and our
universe/space-time that we see, feel and try to understand, which is formed by the
intersection of the pages/moments/clusters in these separate books (superposition
state). Just like the old cartoon characters, where there are pages where each
movement is drawn separately, and these successive pages are animated by a quick
turn of the pages...

Each “𝑥, 𝑡” expression mentioned in Equation (3) corresponds to the entire space-
time fabric that we can see or not see in 4-dimensional space at the moment. Us
now,, the chair we sit on, the color, texture, chemical properties of the chair, every
particle in the air, atoms, electrons, stars, planets, galaxies... When we go to any
“𝑥, 𝑡” moment, the texture of space-time at that moment exists as if we are living the

moment. Past, present and future are made up of all these “ 𝑥, 𝑡” moments, and
these moments are present every moment (like a hologram). As soon as any particle
exists/creates, the “𝑥, 𝑡” clusters associated with it also exist at the same time
depending on their preferences, and the particle drifts under the influence of the
temporal (time) potential field and enters these “𝑥, 𝑡” space-time clusters at every
moment, attains the reality of the moment, lives that moment, and moves towards the
forward clusters to experience the future. From this point of view, as soon as the
particle exists, the book associated with that particle also exists at the same time.
Each of the moments in that book are arranged in the form of “𝑥, 𝑡” corresponding to
a page, and the particles move between the pages and the moments under the
influence of the temporal potential. For each particle, there are infinite “ 𝑥" space/path
possibilities for each moment. Each particle chooses one of these infinitely possible
“x” space/space/paths according to its level of consciousness (or the effect of the 5th
dimension) (or if it does not have a consciousness level like a human, with a different
level of consciousness in which chaotic behaviors are active) that path it prefers,
moves over/cluster/space.

A particle moves between the “𝑥, 𝑡” clusters/pages it prefers and creates its own
book (with space-time, a reality where the pages of all other particles are also
intertwined with the pages of this book, intersecting with each other, forming a
superposition) by moving through the pages moment by moment. The death of the
particle will mean that its own book is closed (from the moment he dies, he will no
longer have moments to intersect with the pages of other particles, a space-time
cannot exist where his book will be removed from the superspace library and
intertwined with other books), that its last page has been reached, that it can no
longer travel in "space-time" in general. However, before this particle dies, at any
moment in space-time, it goes to the main/page in its book/space-time at any point in
the past or in the future, re-involved in space-time from that moment (For example; if
he/she travels in time, for example, goes back 100 years, he/she sees and lives the
world, space-time with everything: the sun, plants, trees, air, an experiment done at
that moment, people watching television, a worm coming out of the soil at that
moment, that an exploding star etc...), drifting forward again under the potential of
time, depending on its preferences, as a new future can create [Traveling through
time for a particle at any moment of its life will not cause a change in the structure of
the real world with a superposition state created by all particles in total. Because in a
superspace structure that is in an abstract structure and therefore vibrates faster than
light, all the preferred/to be preferred paths are already in the universe library, before
they exist in a real/concrete/material/energetic universe, they are already
created/existing. And the particle's time travel will actually have already been found in
a predefined state within its paths defined in Equation (3). If a particle is traveling
backwards or forwards in time, it is because according to Equation (3) (considering
the superspace structure vibrating faster than light) it will/has already done so. And
thanks to this travel he/she/it will do, it means that he/she/it actually created the real
world/space-time we live in with all its past, present and future].

If the particle moves forward or backward in space-time, it will see itself in a real
space-time that exists at every moment. In other words, after 1 second, it will not
encounter a situation where there is no space-time and a moment of space. At every
moment and after every second, a space-time reality constantly exists. This
necessitates that the path/moment/space-time/page that the particle will choose
before actually making its choice exists just before that particle enters that
moment/space/space-time. This case tells us that ; before the materialization of “𝑥"
space/paths, which represents all possibilities/paths/preferences/spaces (before
being preferred), that all these choices must be in a superspace vibrating faster than
light and since there is a faster-than-light vibration at the moment of choice, it goes
before the preferred moment and ensures that the preferred space-time is ready and
omnipresent before the particle enters the space-time that the particle prefers. In this
way, the particle never stays in a vacuum until it makes a choice, and it sees a
space-time continuum at every moment. Even if the particle does not consciously
choose (this can actually be described as a different level of consciousness from
human, nothing in the universe can be said to be unconscious, but it can be said that
everything has different levels of consciousness as energy levels), the chaotic or
unconscious behavior of the particle ensures that a space-time is created for that
particle at any moment. Just like a machine... (A super-space vibrating faster than
light ensures that all the paths it will choose to pre-exist before the particle is created,
before the particle makes the choices it wants, and it keeps them ready at all times.
The particle, in fact, carries out its movement on one of the paths that it prefers but
that has been created before, and gives birth to its own space-time continuum. A
universe vibrating faster than light, a superspace, allows the target to be reached
before the particle even sets off). Every particle in the universe (existing now, existing
in the past, and existing in the future) actually exists at every moment, with its past,
present and future as a cog in the universe machine.

Whosoever is in the heavens and on earth begs of Hu'm (Allah) (needs Hu'm). Hu
(Allah) is in a state of creation at every moment.
Qur'an, Surah Ar-Rahman 29

And with Hu'm (Allah) are the keys of the Ghaib (all that is hidden), none knows them
but Hu. And Hu knows whatever there is in the land and in the sea; not a leaf falls,
but he knows it. There is not a grain in the darkness of the earth nor anything fresh or
dry, but is written in a Clear Record.
Qur'an, Surah AI-An'am 59
And there is nothing whose source is not with Us, and We send it not down except in
a known measure.
Qur'an, Surah AI-Hijr 21

Verily, We have created all things (according to a law) in measure and balance.
Qur'an, Surah AI-Qamar 49

Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High, Who has created ( everything), and
then proportioned it.
Qur'an, Surah AI-A'la 2

Evil (sins and disobedience to Allah) has appeared on land and sea because of what
the hands of men have earned (by oppression and evil deeds), that Hu (Allah) may
make them taste a part of that which they have done, in order that they may return
(by repenting to Allah, and begging Hu’s Pardon).
Qur'an, Surah Ar-Rum 41

The likeness of what they spend in this world is the likeness of a wind which is
extremely cold; it struck the harvest of a people who did wrong against themselves
and destroyed it. Allah wronged them not, but they wronged themselves.
Qur'an, Surah Al-lmran 117

Then taste you (the torment of the Fire) because of your forgetting the Meeting of this
Day of yours. Surely We too will forget you: so taste you the abiding torment for what
you used to do.
Qur'an, Surah As-Sajdah 14

When Equation (2) is examined, it will be seen that it also leads us to the following
conclusions:

• In case the mass is positive; We see that the direction of movement of the
temporal potential (∆𝑈(𝑥)) is from high potential to low potential (we go forward
in time), which has an effect that determines the direction of time. The moment of
the first big bang created a very high potential power and the universe is in motion
from high potential to low potential. This implies a forward motion of space-time
 for positive-mass bodies, constantly forming “𝑥, 𝑡” space-time clusters with low
potential fields. The fact that this potential difference is zero will mean freezing,
not moving, not running out of time, and absolute stasis for matter. If the mass is
negative; a space-time structure in which the flow direction of the temporal
potential is reversed, this time in which the negative mass is directed/moved
backwards in space-time, will automatically exist.

• Considering the effects of the temporal potential, it is clear that this potential is an
extraordinary potential energy field that fills the universe and adds movement to it.
And we see that no matter/energy can move without this temporal potential
energy field, and that this potential field is the main source of the motion of
everything that exists. When the effects of the temporal potential field (∆𝑈(𝑥)) on
the motion of matter/energy from equation (2) are examined, apart from the
temporal (time) potential field, it is seen that the movement/time of matter/mass in
space-time can be controlled also by means of external potential fields (such as
electric field, magnetic field, gravitational field) that will affect a substance.
Equation (2) will be written as Equation (4) if an external potential field other than
the temporal (time) potential energy field acts on a particle.

1/2
𝑚
[(−∆𝑈(𝑥))+∅] ∙ ∆𝑥 = ∆𝑡 (4)

The expression ∅ in equation (4) expresses the sum of all external potential fields

except the time potential energy field acting on the mass/energy. If this external
potential field (for example, very high electric and magnetic fields, very intense
gravitational fields such as black holes, neutron stars, wandering point black
holes) is comparable or very strong to the temporal potential field, the movement
of mass/energy in space-time (time freeze, time travel) will be affected by this
external potential [For example, around black holes with very intense gravitational
fields, time (time between two events, time of occurrence, existence of an event)
will flow very slowly]. Even if there are not very high external potential areas, a
difference will always be observed even in the times of the same mass in different
external potential fields. Time will flow at different rates in different potential areas
(In places where the gravitational field, electric field, magnetic field of the Earth
are different, time will flow at different speeds).

The following verses in God's book are also pretty good examples of how different
local time can flow.

And they stayed in their Cave three hundred (solar) years, adding nine (for lunar
years). Say: "Allah knows best how long they stayed. With Hu'm (Allah) is (the
knowledge of) the Unseen of the heavens and the earth. How clearly Hu (Allah)
sees, and hears (everything)! They have no Wali (Helper, Disposer of affairs,
Protector) other than Hu'm, and Hu makes none to share in Hu's Decision and
Hu's Rule."
Qur'an, Surah AI-Kahf 25-26

Or like the one who passed by a town and it had tumbled over its roofs. He said:
"Oh! How will Allah ever bring it to life after its death?" So Allah caused him to die
for a hundred years, then raised him up (again). Hu said: "How long did you
remain ( dead)?" He (the man) said: "(Perhaps) I remained (dead) a day or part of
a day". He said: "Nay, you have remained (dead) for a hundred years, look at
your food and your drink, they show no change; and look at your donkey! And
thus We have made of you a sign for the people. Look at the bones, how We
bring them together and clothe them with flesh". When this was clearly shown to
him, he said, "I know (now) that Allah is Able to do all things."
Qur'an, Surah AI-Baqarah 259

The following verses in God's book, Surah Al-Kahf, illustrate how local time can
be controlled by creating artificial ways: The time difference created up to a
certain time (near the apocalypse) between humans and the "people of Gog and
Magog" through an artificial wall of time... Two different species in the same place
but sharing different times...

And they ask you about Dhul-Qarnain. Say: "I shall recite to you something of his
story." Verily, We established him in the earth, and We gave him the means of
everything. Qur'an, Surah Al-Kahf 83-84
 Then he followed (another) way. Until, when he reached between two mountains,
he found, before (near) them (those two mountains), a people who scarcely
understood a word. They said: "O Dhul-Qarnain! Verily Ya'juj and Ma'juj (Gog and
Magog) are doing great mischief in the land. Shall we then pay you a tribute in
order that you might erect a barrier between us and them?". He said: "That
(wealth, authority and power) in which my Lord had established me is better (than
your tribute). So help me with strength (of men), I will erect between you and them
a barrier. "Give me pieces (blocks) of iron;" then, when he had filled up the gap
between the two mountain-cliffs, he said: "Blow;" then when he had made them
(red as) fire, he said: "Bring me molten copper to pour over them." So they [Ya'juj
and Ma'juj (Gog and Magog)] could not scale it or dig through it. (Dhul-Qarnin)
said: "This is a mercy from my Lord, but when the Promise of my Lord comes, Hu
shall level it down to the ground. And the Promise of my Lord is ever true." And on
that Day [i.e. the Day Ya'juj and Ma'juj (Gog and Magog) will come out], We shall
leave them to surge like waves on one another; and the Trumpet will be blown,
and We shall collect them (the creatures) all together.
Qur'an, Surah Al-Kahf 92-99

• The velocity-dependent relativistic effects of mass and length (space) will also
slow down the flow of time between two events depending on the velocity, time
will stop at the full speed of light, and in faster-than-light cases, time will flow
backwards.

Mass equation for high velocities;

𝑚0
𝑚= 2
(5)
√1−𝑣2
𝑐

Space contraction equation at high velocities;

𝑣2
∆𝑥 = (∆𝑥 )0 (√1 − 𝑐 2 ) (6)

It is expressed as. Now let's make assumptions about what the temporal potential
(∆𝑈(𝑥)) might depend on:
Space encompasses everything that exists, such as a texture/a sheet/water/ether.
Everything that exists is embedded in this sheet/water/ether and exists as a part of it.
Just as a fish swimming in the sea exists as a part of it in the water, everything that
exists lives/swims in this ether/space (This includes the space between cells, the
space between atoms, the spaces between the sub-components that make up the
atom). The temporal potential (∆𝑈(𝑥)) is closely related to and inversely proportional

to the unit length (𝑑 ) of the space in question. Since the unit length of the space
fabric was at a minimum level at the time of the first explosion of space, this temporal
potential manifested itself very strongly and "time" flowed very slowly in the first
formation of the universe (This shows us that the age of the universe, which we
define according to our current time scale, the age of galaxies, the development and
formation times of worlds and satellites are actually much different than we think.
What we have calculated as thousands, millions of years has actually taken billions,
trillions of years if it can be calculated according to today's time, considering the
slowdowns in the said time flow). As the space expands (as the flexible sheet is
stretched), the unit length of the space fabric increases, the temporal potential
decreases, and time begins to flow faster. As the universe continues to expand, the
temporal potential will continue to decrease and the speed of time (such as between
two events, between two ticks, the oscillation frequency of atomic clocks) will
continue to increase. When the universe completes its expansion and begins to
contract; time will flow backwards (due to the change in the direction of flow of the
temporal potential). The speed of flow of time will gradually return to its starting point,
just as a stretched spring returns to its starting point.

The verses below illustrate very well the times when the universe will start to contract
and time will start to flow backwards.

And (remember) the Day when We shall roll up the heaven like a scroll rolled up for
books. As We began the first creation, We shall repeat it. (It is) a promise binding
upon Us. Truly, We shall do it. Qur'an, Surah AI-Anbiya 104

Then how can you avoid the punishment, if you disbelieve, on a Day (i.e. the Day of
Resurrection) that will turn kids into gray-haired old people?
Qur'an, Surah AI-Muzzammil 17
By relating the temporal potential to the unit length (d) of space, we can write an
equation as in Equation (7):

1
∆𝑈(𝑥) ∝ 𝑑 (7)

As an object accelerates, the unit length in the space it occupies (local space of the
object) will change depending on its speed, and depending on this speed, the
temporal potential that will affect the object will also change. In this case, we can
write the unit length (d) of the space, depending on the velocity, as in Equation (8)
(temporal potential may be related to other things besides the unit length of space,
but only the relation to the unit length of space will be discussed here):

𝑣2
𝑑 ∝ √1 − 𝑐 2 (8)

Starting from Equation (7) and Equation (8), we can write the following equation for
the temporal potential (∆𝑈(𝑥)) for high velocities:

[∆𝑈(𝑥)]0
∆𝑈(𝑥 ) = 2
(9)
√1−𝑣2
𝑐

Now, if we substitute Equation (5), Equation (6) and Equation (9) in Equation (2) [In

order to be more understandable, the external potential field ( ∅) will be assumed to

be zero for now]:

1/2
𝑚
[(−∆𝑈( ))] ∙ ∆𝑥 = ∆𝑡
𝑥

𝑚0 1/2
2
√1−𝑣
𝑐2 𝑣2
[∆𝑈(𝑥)]0 ∙ (∆𝑥 )0 (√1 − 𝑐 2 ) = ∆𝑡
−
2
√1−𝑣
[ 𝑐2 ]
 1/2 1/2
𝑚0 𝑣2
[(−[∆𝑈(𝑥)] )] ∙ (∆𝑥 )0 ∙ (1 − 𝑐 2 ) = ∆𝑡 (10)
0

In the presence of an external potential other than the temporal potential, Equation
(10) will be written as Equation (11):

1/2 1/2
𝑚0 𝑣2
[(−[∆𝑈(𝑥)] )+∅] ∙ (∆𝑥 )0 ∙ (1 − 𝑐 2 ) = ∆𝑡 (11)
0

As can be seen from Equation (10), for objects moving close to the speed of light, the

time (∆𝑡 ) elapsed between two events [(∆𝑥)0 ] will shorten considerably and will be

zero at the full speed of light, and time will no longer flow for this object, it will freeze.

Let's take an example of muons to better understand Equation (10): Muons; They are
unstable particles formed as a result of the interaction of atomic nuclei in the upper
layers of the atmosphere by colliding with very fast cosmic particles, such as protons,
coming from outer space. The rest mass of a muon is 207 times the mass of an
electron and is 1.883532711x10⁻28 kg. The half-life of a muon is 2,2 x 10⁻6 s, and
after this half-life, the muon dies by decaying into an electron and a positron
(completes its half-life). The speed of cosmic ray muons is 0.998 times the speed of
light (2.994 x 10⁻8 m/s = 0.998c, c=speed of light). Muons can travel only 2.994 x
10⁻8 m/s x 2.2 x 10⁻6 s = 6.6 x 102 m during their half-life with their velocity. This
means that the muons formed in the upper layers of the atmosphere disappear
before they descend to the earth. But cosmic ray-derived muons are abundant on
Earth's surface (about one muon per square centimeter per minute). So how is this
possible?

𝑚 = 1,883532711x10⁻28 kg, ∆𝑡 = 2,2 x 10⁻6 s, ∆𝑥 = 6,6 x 102 m, if we

look at Equation (2) without considering the relativistic effects, we consider the

following value for temporal potential (−∆𝑈(𝑥 )) we find:

1/2
𝑚
[(−∆𝑈(𝑥))] ∙ ∆𝑥 = ∆𝑡 →
 1/2
1,883532711x10−28 kg
[ (−∆𝑈(𝑥))
] ∙ 6,6 x 102 m = 2,2 x 10−6 s →

(−∆𝑈(𝑥 )) = 16,95 x 10−12 J

Now, using Equation (10), let's try to calculate how far the particle in question can
travel during its half-life, taking into account the relativistic effects at high speeds: The
half-life of a particle has a constant property and has a characteristic feature.

∆𝑡 = 2,2 x 10⁻6 s

1/2 1/2
𝑚0 𝑣2
[(−[∆𝑈(𝑥)] )]
0
∙ (∆𝑥 )0 ∙ (1 − 𝑐 2 ) = ∆𝑡 →
1/2 1/2
[
1,883532711x10−28 kg
16,95 x 10−12 J
] ∙ (∆𝑥)0 ∙ (1 −
(0,998c)2
𝑐2
) = 2,2 x 10−6 s →

(∆𝑥 )0 = 104,4 x 102 m ≈ 10,4 km

As can be seen, at high speeds, the particle will travel further with the same half-life
and will be seen on earth, which should not normally be seen. And in fact, when
relativistic effects are not taken into account, it will travel approximately 15.8 times
(10.4 km) during its half-life, instead of the 6.6 x 102 m = 0.66 km it should normally
travel in space-time. The particle will have passed into its future and will have seen
the earth that it should not normally see. In other words, for the particle, the flow rate
of time between the events (time between any two events, between any two x
spaces/sets) it will experience during its half-life will slow down. And space-time will
travel further and live in a future where it should not normally exist.

"And no one dies except by Allah's permission. Death is an appointed time..."

Qur'an, Surah Al-lmran 145
We created not the heavens and the earth and all that is between them except with
truth, and for an appointed term. But those who disbelieve turn away from that
whereof they are warned.
Qur'an, Surah AI-Ahqaf 3

No nation can advance their term, nor can they delay it.
Qur'an, Surah Al-Mu'minun 43

And if Allah were to seize mankind for their wrong-doing, Hu would not leave on it
(the earth) a single moving (living) creature, but Hu postpones them for an appointed
term and when their term comes, neither can they delay nor can they advance it an
hour (or a moment).
Qur'an, Surah An-Nahl 61

Well, what will happen for cases greater than the speed of light (𝑣 > 𝑐) (the effect of
external potentials other than temporal potential will be neglected): To understand
𝑣2
this, it will be necessary to go into some tricky math: (1 − ) in Equation (10) will
𝑐2

take negative values for cases 𝑣 > 𝑐 . In this case, we can write the expression

𝑣2 2
(1 − 𝑐 2 ) for 𝑣 > 𝑐 as [− (𝑣𝑐2 − 1)]. Equivalent to 𝑖 2 = −1, where "𝑖" is the
imaginary number. Starting from this, Equation (10) can be written as:
1/2 1/2
𝑚0 𝑣2
[(−[∆𝑈(𝑥)] )] ∙ (∆𝑥 )0 ∙ [− (𝑐 2 − 1)] = ∆𝑡 (12)
0

1/2 1/2
𝑚0 2 𝑣2
[(−[∆𝑈(𝑥)] )] ∙ (∆𝑥 )0 ∙ [𝑖 ∙ (𝑐 2 − 1)] = ∆𝑡 (13)
0

1/2 1/2
𝑚0 𝑣2
[(−[∆𝑈(𝑥)] )] ∙ (∆𝑥 )0 ∙ 𝑖 ∙ [(𝑐 2 − 1)] = ∆𝑡 (14)
0

1/2 1/2
𝑚 2 𝑣2
[(−[∆𝑈(0𝑥)] ) ∙𝑖 ] ∙ (∆𝑥 )0 ∙ [(𝑐 2 − 1)] = ∆𝑡 (15)
0

1/2 1/2
𝑚 𝑣2
[(−[∆𝑈(0𝑥)] ) ∙ (−1)] ∙ (∆𝑥 )0 ∙ [(𝑐 2 − 1)] = ∆𝑡 (16)
0
 1/2 1/2
𝑚0 𝑣2
[[∆𝑈(𝑥)] ] ∙ (∆𝑥 )0 ∙ [(𝑐 2 − 1)] = ∆𝑡 (17)
0

As can be seen from equation (17), the negative (-) sign, which is in front of the
temporal potential and indicates that the time flow will flow from high potential to low

potential (movement forward in time), has turned into positive with the effect of 𝑖2 =
−1 conjugate. This would describe a movement back in time (for the expanding

universe) where the direction of time would be from low potential to high potential for
objects traveling faster than light.

Equation (17) will be written as Equation (18) in the presence of an external potential
other than the temporal potential:

1/2 1/2
𝑚0 𝑣2
[[∆𝑈(𝑥)] +∅] ∙ (∆𝑥 )0 ∙ [(𝑐 2 − 1)] = ∆𝑡 (18)
0

The parable of the dead fish coming to life (time flowing back to a time when the fish
did not die), mentioned in the Qur'an in verse of Surat al-Kahf 63, is undoubtedly a
very good example describing the movement back in time. This verse also signals
that time can be flowed back by means of external potential fields other than at very
high speeds.

He said:"Do you remember when we betook ourselves to the rock? I indeed forgot
the fish; none but Shaitdn (Satan) made me forget to remember it. It took its course
into the sea in a strange (way)!"
Qur'an, Surah Al-Kahf 63

• Considering that the past, present and future exist at every moment as a sum of
clusters/spaces, it will not be difficult for people with different levels of
consciousness to sense and inform about the past or the future with the effect of
the 5th dimension. However, it should also be known that there are infinitely
possible paths for each particle and that what is said/anticipated/prophesied will
always be open to change as long as the selection space/reality is not entered by
making a choice.
'And we have sought to reach the heaven; but found it filled with stem guards and
flaming fires.'And verily, we used to sit there in stations, to (steal) a hearing, but any
who listens now will find a flaming fire watching him in ambush. 'And we know not
whether evil is intended for those on earth, or whether their Lord intends for them a
Right Path.
Qur'an, Surah Al-Jinn 8-10

Say: "None in the heavens and the earth knows the Ghaib (Unseen) except Allah,
nor can they perceive when they shall be resurrected."
Qur'an, Surah An-Naml 65

And Allah did create you (Adam) from dust, then from Nutfah (male and female
discharge semen drops i.e. Adam's offspring), then Hu made you pairs (male and
female). And no female conceives or gives birth but with Hu’s Knowledge. And no
aged man/woman is granted a length of life nor is a part cut off from his/her life (or
another man's life), but is in a Book (AI-Lauh Al-Mahfaz) Surely, that is easy for Allah.
Qur'an, Surah Fatir 11

We have certainly sent many prophets before you, we gave them wives and children.
No prophet can bring a verse without Allah's permission. The time and duration of
everything is written. Allah corrupts what Hu wills, writes what Hu wills, and the
original and essence of the book is with Hu'm.
Qur'an, Surah Ar-Ra’d 38-39

• If Equation (4) is written as Equation (19), a flow is created (via high potential
fields that will be applied to the space-time surrounding the particle and to the
point in space where we want it to exist) between different (low-high) potential
fields (∅ = ∅2 − ∅1 ) with the same vibrational frequency, and a particle moves in
space-time between these two potential fields, can be executed, jumped from
point to point (∆𝑥 = 𝑥𝑉 − 𝑥𝐵 ).

1/2 1/2
𝑚 (−∆𝑈(𝑥))+∅
[(−∆𝑈(𝑥))+∅] ∙ ∆𝑥 = ∆𝑡 → ∆𝑥 = ∆𝑡 ∙ [ 𝑚
] (19)
Glorified (and Exalted) be Hu (Allah). Who took Hu's slave (Muhammad) for a journey
by night from AI-Masjid-al-Haram (at Makkah) to AI-Masjid-al-Aqsa (in Jerusalem),
the neighbourhood whereof We have blessed, in order that We might show him
(Muhammad) of Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, lessons, signs, etc.). Verily, Hu is the
All-Hearer, the All-Seer.
Qur'an, Surah Al-Isra 1

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

The author, who graduated with a degree in physics, has improved himself in the field
of nanotechnology and has written articles and patents in this field.

Share your ideas, even if they're silly, because you never know what revolutionary
ideas those silly ideas will spawn in the brains of others.

Never forget that the frivolous ideas of the past are the realities of today.