Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Question No. 01
Cast iron piles
(A) Are suitable for works under sea water
(B) Resist shocks or vibrations
(C) Are suitable for use as batter piles
(D) Are useful for heavy vertical loads
Answer: Option D
Question No. 02
The form work from the slabs excluding props, can be removed only after
(A) 1 day
(B) 4 days
(C) 7 days
(D) 14 days
Answer: Option B
Question No. 03
The process of filling hollow spaces of walls before plastering, is known
(A) Hacking
(B) Dubbing out
(C) Blistering
(D) Peeling
Answer: Option B
Question No. 04
The type of arch generally constructed over a wooden lintel or over a flat arch for the purpose of
carrying the load of the wall above is
(A) Segmental arch
(B) Pointed arch
(C) Relieving arch
(D) Flat arch
Answer: Option C
Question No. 05
The platform at the end of a series of steps, is known as
(A) Platform
(B) Relief
(C) Rest
(D) Landing
Answer: Option D
Question No. 06
The pile which supports the load due to friction between pile face and surrounding soil, is
generally known as
(A) Bearing pile
(B) Friction pile
(C) Sheet pile
(D) Battered pile
Answer: Option B
Question No. 07
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
(A) A mortar joint having a concave finishing in brick masonry, is called keyed joint
(B) A mortar joint projecting beyond the face of a masonry wall, is called tucked joint
(C) A mortar joint having a recess in it, is called ruled joint
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 08
The type of roof which slopes in two directions with a break in the slope on each side is known as
(A) Gable roof
(B) Hip roof
(C) Gambrel roof
(D) Mansard roof
Answer: Option C
Question No. 09
The inclined surface of an abutment to receive the arch, is known as
(A) Skew back
(B) Soffit
(C) Spandril
(D) Haunch
Answer: Option A
Question No. 10
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
(A) D.P.C. should be continuous
(B) D.P.C. should be of good impervious material
(C) D.P.C. may be horizontal or vertical
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 11
A wall constructed with stones to protect slopes of cuttings in natural ground from the action of
weathering agents, is called
(A) Retaining wall
(B) Breast wall
(C) Buttress
(D) Parapet wall
Answer: Option B
Question No. 12
Higher pitch of the roof
(i) Results in stronger roof
(ii) Results in weaker roof
(iii) Requires more covering material
(iv) Requires less covering material
The correct answer is
(A) (i) and (iii)
(B) (i) and (iv)
(C) (ii) and (iii)
(D) (ii) and (iv)
Answer: Option A
Question No. 13
For different layers of cement concrete floor. Pick up the incorrect statement from the following:
(A) The lowest layer consists of consolidated ground
(B) A 10 cm thick clean sand is laid on consolidated ground
(C) A 10 cm lime concrete (1 : 4 : 8) is laid on clean sand
(D) A 10 cm thick cement concrete (1 : 2 : 4) is laid on top layer
Answer: Option D
Question No. 14
Open test pit is only suitable upto a depth of
(A) 2 metres
(B) 2.5 metres
(C) 3 metres
(D) None of the above
Answer: Option C
Question No. 15
The service area in a building means the area occupied by
(A) Stairs
(B) Toilets
(C) Light and shafts
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 16
The number of steps in a flight generally should not be less than
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 5
(D) No limit
Answer: Option B
Question No. 17
The columns of multi-storeyed buildings are designed to withstand the forces due to
(A) Dead loads
(B) Live loads
(C) Wind loads
(D) All of these
Answer: Option D
Question No. 18
In soils possessing low bearing capacity, the type of foundation generally provided, is
(A) Column footing
(B) Grillage footing
(C) Raft footing
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 19
The minimum strength of the mortar used in load bearing brick masonry, is
(A) 50 N/cm2
(B) 100 N/cm2
(C) 150 N/cm2
(D) 200 N/cm2
Answer: Option B
Question No. 20
As compared to stretcher course, the thickness of joints in header course should be
(A) Less
(B) More
(C) Equal
(D) Equal or more
Answer: Option A
Question No. 21
To obtain good bonding in brick masonry
(A) First class bricks are used
(B) Vertical joints in alternate courses are kept in plumb line
(C) Bats are used where necessary
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 22
The type of pointing in which upper side of mortar joints is kept about 12 mm inside the face of
the masonry and bottom is kept flushed with face of wall, is
(A) Truck pointing
(B) Recessed pointing
(C) Struck pointing
(D) Grooved pointing
Answer: Option C
Question No. 23
The wedge shaped bricks forming an arch ring, are called
(A) Soffits
(B) Voussoirs
(C) Haunches
(D) Spandrils
Answer: Option B
Question No. 24
The maximum total settlement for isolated foundations on clayey soils should be limited to
(A) 25 mm
(B) 40 mm
(C) 65 mm
(D) 100 mm
Answer: Option C
Question No. 25
The foundation which consists of a thick reinforced cement slab covering whole area to support
heavy concentrated structural loads, is known as
(A) Combined footing
(B) Strap footing
(C) Raft footing
(D) None of these
Answer: Option C
Question No. 26
For each storey of a building, the depth of exploration should be
(A) 1 metre
(B) 2 metres
(C) 3 metres
(D) 4 metres
Answer: Option C
Question No. 27
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
(A) Plain cement concrete is equally strong in compression as well as in tension
(B) Slump test is performed to check concrete strength
(C) Curing of concrete is done for proper compaction of cement
(D) Fineness modulus is the index number expressing the relative sizes of both coarse and fine
aggregates
Answer: Option D
Question No. 28
The bearing capacity of a water logged soil can be improved by
(A) Compacting the soil
(B) Draining the soil
(C) Increasing the depth of foundation
(D) Grouting
Answer: Option B
Question No. 29
The position of a brick when laid on its side 9 cm × 9 cm with its frog in the vertical plane, is called
(A) Brick on edge
(B) Brick on end
(C) Brick on bed
(D) Brick held vertically
Answer: Option B
Question No. 30
A floor constructed with the 4 to 6 mm marble chips, is known
(A) Reinforced marble floor
(B) Terrazzo floor
(C) Marble floor
(D) Chip floor
Answer: Option B
Question No. 31
A stair should not have pitch more than
(A) 25°
(B) 30°
(C) 40°
(D) 50°
Answer: Option C
Question No. 32
Depth or height of the arch is the
(A) Perpendicular distance between intrados and extrados
(B) Vertical distance between springing line and intrados
(C) Perpendicular distance between springing line and extrados
(D) None of the above
Answer: Option A
Question No. 33
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
(A) The pile driven in sand is called sand pile
(B) The drilled hole filled with sand is called sand pile
(C) The sand piles are used for bearing purposes
(D) None of these
Answer: Option A
Question No. 34
A wall constructed to resist the pressure of an earth filling, is called
(A) Retaining wall
(B) Breast wall
(C) Buttress
(D) Parapet wall
Answer: Option A
Question No. 35
Two columns 50 cm × 50 cm and 60 cm × 60 cm carry 80 tonnes and 120 tonnes of loads
respectively. The centre to centre distance between columns is 5.00 metres. The permissible
bearing capacity of the soil is 20 t/m2. If the footing is not to project more than 25 cm beyond the
outside of the smaller column, pick up the correct design parameters of the footing from the
following:
(A) Distance of C.G. of the loads from the smaller column = 3.00 m
(B) The length of the foundation slab = 7.00 m
(C) Area of footing slab = 11.00 m2
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 36
Pitched and sloping roofs are suitable for
(A) Coastal regions
(B) Plain regions
(C) Covering large areas
(D) All of the above
Answer: Option A
Question No. 37
A wooden block hinged on post outside a door, is known
(A) Cleat
(B) Stop
(C) Horn
(D) None of these
Answer: Option A
Question No. 38
If a is the offset of concrete bed in cms, and d is the depth of concrete bed in cms, then
(A) d = 0.445 a
(B) d = 0.557 a
(C) d = 0.775 a
(D) None of these
Answer: Option C
Question No. 39
In high mountainous region, the type of roof generally recommended for buildings, is
(A) Shed type
(B) Gable type
(C) Gambrel type
(D) Mansard type
Answer: Option C
Question No. 40
The function of cleats in a roof truss is
(A) To support the common rafter
(B) To support purlins
(C) To prevent the purlins from tilting
(D) All of the above
Answer: Option C
Question No. 41
The Auger borings are not common
(A) In soils that require lateral support
(B) In cohesive soils
(C) In soft soils
(D) None of the above
Answer: Option A
Question No. 42
The pile provided with one or more bulles in its vertical shaft, is generally known as
(A) Under-ream pile
(B) Friction pile
(C) Bearing pile
(D) Sheet pile
Answer: Option A
Question No. 43
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
(A) Isolated footing is provided under column to transfer the load safely to soil bed
(B) Column footings may have steps or projections in the concrete base
(C) Heavily loaded column base must be provided steel reinforcement in both directions
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 44
In any good staircase, the maximum and minimum pitch respectively should be
(A) 90° and 0°
(B) 75° and 30°
(C) 60° and 10°
(D) 40° and 25°
Answer: Option D
Question No. 45
Raft foundation are generally preferred to when the area required for individual footing, is more
than
(A) 25% to total area
(B) 30% of total area
(C) 40% to total area
(D) 50% of total area
Answer: Option D
Question No. 46
According to National Building Code, the hydrants in water mains is provided at minimum interval
of
(A) 50 m
(B) 60 m
(C) 75 m
(D) 90 m
Answer: Option C
Question No. 47
The X-ray rooms are plastered with
(A) Plaster of Paris
(B) Barium plaster
(C) Martin's cement
(D) Keen's cement
Answer: Option B
Question No. 48
The type of footing which is used to transmit heavy loads through steel columns is
(A) Raft foundation
(B) Grillage foundation
(C) Well foundation
(D) Isolated footing
Answer: Option B
Question No. 49
Dutch bond is a modification of
(A) English bond
(B) Stretcher bond
(C) Header bond
(D) Single Flemish bond
Answer: Option A
Question No. 50
In clay soil
(A) Swelling and shrinkage characteristics prevail
(B) Consolidation continues even after several years of construction
(C) Differential settlement is generally prevalent
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 51
Which one of the following activities is not correct as applicable to brick corbels?
(A) The maximum projection of the corbel should not be more than the thickness of the wall
(B) The maximum projection of each corbel course should be limited to a quarter brick at a time
(C) The discontinuous corbels are used to carry heavy concentrated loads
(D) Stretcher bond is generally used for the construction of brick corbel
Answer: Option D
Question No. 52
In ordinary residential and public buildings, the damp proof course is generally provided at
(A) Ground level
(B) Plinth level
(C) Water table level
(D) Midway ground level and water-table level
Answer: Option B
Question No. 53
In which of the following pairs both trees yield soft wood?
(A) Deodar and Shishum
(B) Chir and sal
(C) Sal and teak
(D) Chir and deodar
Answer: Option D
Question No. 54
The raft slab is projected beyond the outer walls of the structure by
(A) 5 to 10 cm
(B) 15 to 20 cm
(C) 25 to 30 cm
(D) 30 to 45 cm
Answer: Option D
Question No. 55
In grillage foundations, distance between flanges of grillage beams, is kept
(A) 40 cm
(B) Equal to flange width
(C) Twice the flange width
(D) Maximum of (a), (b) and (c)
Answer: Option C
Question No. 56
The sill of a common wooden partition is
(A) Vertical wooden member on either end
(B) Lower horizontal wooden member
(C) Upper horizontal wooden member
(D) Intermediate horizontal wooden member
Answer: Option B
Question No. 57
The important test to be conducted on a stone used in docks and harbours is
(A) Hardness test
(B) Workability test
(C) Weight test
(D) Toughness test
Answer: Option C
Question No. 58
The member which is placed horizontally to support common rafter of a sloping roof, is
(A) Purlin
(B) Cleat
(C) Batten
(D) Strut
Answer: Option A
Question No. 59
A covering of concrete placed on the exposed top of an external wall, is known as
(A) Cornice
(B) Coping
(C) Frieze
(D) Lintel
Answer: Option B
Question No. 60
The bond in which headers and stretchers are laid in alternate courses and every stretcher course
is started with a three fourth brick bat, is known as
(A) English cross bond
(B) Dutch bond
(C) Monk bond
(D) Rat-trap bond
Answer: Option B
Question No. 61
The vertical distance between the springing line and highest point of the inner curve of an arch is
known as
(A) Intrados
(B) Rise
(C) Spandril
(D) Extrados
Answer: Option B
Question No. 62
The entrained concrete is used in lining walls and roofs for making
(A) Heat insulated
(B) Sound insulated
(C) Neither (a) nor (b)
(D) Both (a) and (b)
Answer: Option D
Question No. 63
The depth of concrete bed of the foundation depends upon
(A) The projection of the concrete block beyond the footing over it
(B) The upward soil pressure
(C) The mix of the concrete
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 64
A pre-stressed concrete pile is
(A) Easy to handle
(B) Lighter in weight
(C) Extremely durable
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 65
The type of joint commonly used at the junction of a principal rafter and tie beam in timber
trusses is
(A) Mortise and tenon joint
(B) Oblique mortise and tenon joint
(C) Butt joint
(D) Mitred joint
Answer: Option B
Question No. 66
During percussion drilling
(A) Ground water observations are hindered due to entry of the slurry in the soil below the
bottom of the hole
(B) Caving or mixing of strata are caused in soft soils or cohesionless soils
(C) The soil to a considerable depth below the bottom of the hole gets disturbed
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 67
The type of stone masonry in which stones of same height are laid in layers, is called
(A) Random rubble masonry
(B) Course rubble masonry
(C) Uncoursed rubble masonry
(D) Ashlar masonry
Answer: Option B
Question No. 68
A wooden block fixed on back side of a door frame on its post, is known as
(A) Cleat
(B) Stop
(C) Horn
(D) None of these
Answer: Option B
Question No. 69
In a colar beam roof
(A) There is no horizontal tie beam
(B) There is a horizontal tie at the feet of rafters only
(C) There is a horizontal tie at almost the middle of rafters only
(D) There are two horizontal ties, one at the feet and other at the middle of the rafters
Answer: Option C
Question No. 70
The piece of a brick cut with its one corner equivalent to half the length and half the width of a full
brick, is known as
(A) Queen closer
(B) Bevelled closer
(C) King closer
(D) Half king closer
Answer: Option C
Question No. 71
For effective drainage, the finished surface of flat roof should have a minimum slope of
(A) 1 in 20
(B) 1 to 50
(C) 1 in 10
(D) 1 in 5
Answer: Option A
Question No. 72
Vertical construction joints are provided where the shearing forces are minimum in the case of
(A) Slabs
(B) Beams
(C) Girders
(D) All of these
Answer: Option D
Question No. 73
Single Flemish bond consists of
(A) Double Flemish bond facing and English bond backing in each course
(B) English bond facing and double Flemish bond backing in each course
(C) Stretcher bond facing and double Flemish bond backing in each course
(D) Double Flemish bond facing and header bond backing in each course
Answer: Option A
Question No. 74
The foundations are placed below ground level, to increase
(A) Strength
(B) Workability
(C) Stability of structure
(D) All the above
Answer: Option C
Question No. 75
The type of bond in a brick masonry containing alternate courses of stretchers and headers, is
called
(A) Flemish bond
(B) English bond
(C) Stretcher bond
(D) Header bond
Answer: Option B
Question No. 76
The width of the hollow space between two walls of a cavity wall should not exceed
(A) 5 cm
(B) 7.5 cm
(C) 10 cm
(D) 15 cm
Answer: Option C
Question No. 77
The predominant constituent which is responsible for strength in granite is
(A) Quartz
(B) Felspar
(C) Mica
(D) None of the above
Answer: Option A
Question No. 78
To ensure that supporting area of an offset footing of a boundary wall is fully compressive, the
C.G. of load must act
(A) At the centre of the base
(B) Within the middle third of the base
(C) Within the middle fifth of the base
(D) Neither (a), (b) nor (c)
Answer: Option B
Question No. 79
The size of a floor tile commonly used, is
(A) 15 cm × 15 cm × 1.8 cm
(B) 20 cm × 20 cm × 2 cm
(C) 22.5 × 22.5 cm × 2.2 cm
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 80
The art of bringing the floor to a true level surface by means of screeds, is called
(A) Topping
(B) Bedding
(C) Screeding
(D) None of these
Answer: Option C
Question No. 81
The type of roof suitable in plains where rainfall is meagre and temperature is high is
(A) Pitched and sloping roof
(B) Flat roof
(C) Shell roof
(D) None of the above
Answer: Option B
Question No. 82
For constructing a terrazzo floor, Pick up the incorrect statement from the following:
(A) A base course is prepared as in cement concrete flooring
(B) A 32 mm thick layer of cement concrete (1 : 2 : 4) is laid on the base course and the surface
is made smooth by trowelling
(C) Glass strips are driven into the layer according to the pattern required
(D) After final grinding is over, oxalic acid mixed with water is spread over and rubbed hard with
soft material
Answer: Option B
Question No. 83
The arrangement made to support an unsafe structure temporarily, is known as
(A) Shoring
(B) Scaffolding
(C) Underpinning
(D) Jacking
Answer: Option A
Question No. 84
The type of pointing in which a V-shaped projection outside the wall surface, is provided, is called
(A) Recessed pointing
(B) Weather pointing
(C) V-pointing
(D) Tuck pointing
Answer: Option B
Question No. 85
Assertion A : Shishum is used for decorative woodwork.
Reason R : Shishum can be polished to an excellent finish.
Select your answer according to the coding system given below:
(A) Both A and R is true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R is true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true
Answer: Option A
Question No. 86
Rotary drilling
(A) Is not suitable for deposits containing very coarse gravel
(B) Hinders the ground water observations and permeability test
(C) Is not economical for holes of less than 10 cm
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 87
Safe bearing capacity of black cotton soil varies from
(A) 2 to 3 t/m2
(B) 5 to 7.5 t/m2
(C) 8 to 10 t/m2
(D) 10 to 12 t/m2
Answer: Option B
Question No. 88
The window which projects outside a room of a building for admitting more light and air, is known
(A) Bay window
(B) Casement window
(C) Lantern window
(D) Dormer window
Answer: Option A
Question No. 89
In the construction of arches, sand box method is used for
(A) Centring
(B) Actual laying of arch work
(C) Striking of centring
(D) None of the above
Answer: Option C
Question No. 90
In English garden wall bond
(A) One course of headers to three or five course of stretchers
(B) Queen closer in provided in each heading course
(C) The middle course of stretchers is started with a header to give proper vertical joints
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 91
The concrete slump recommended for foundations, is
(A) 25 to 50 mm
(B) 30 to 125 mm
(C) 50 to 100 mm
(D) 75 to 125 mm
Answer: Option C
Question No. 92
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
(A) In a king post truss, principal rafter and tie beams are jointed together with a bridle joint
(B) Joint between the principal rafter and the king post is made by making tenon and mortise
respectively
(C) Joint between strut and king post, is generally of mortise and tenon type
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 93
Sum of tread and rise must lie between
(A) 300 to 350 mm
(B) 400 to 450 mm
(C) 500 to 550 mm
(D) 600 to 650 mm
Answer: Option B
Question No. 94
In case of foundations on sandy soil, maximum permissible differential settlement, is usually
limited to
(A) 15 mm
(B) 25 mm
(C) 35 mm
(D) 45 mm
Answer: Option B
Question No. 95
In soft clay of low bearing capacity, the type of steel pile generally used, is
(A) H-pile
(B) Screw pile
(C) Disc pile
(D) Pipe pile
Answer: Option B
Question No. 96
Gravels
(A) Are cohesionless aggregates
(B) Vary in size between 2 to 20 mm
(C) Never swell when they come into contact with water
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 97
The differential settlement in case of foundations on sandy soils should not exceed
(A) 25 mm
(B) 40 mm
(C) 65 mm
(D) 100 mm
Answer: Option A
Question No. 98
An arch constructed with finely dressed stones, is known
(A) Ashlar arch
(B) Rubble arch
(C) Gauged arch
(D) Axed arch
Answer: Option A
Question No. 99
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
(A) Lime mortar with cement in the ratio of in 10 is cheaper and better for outside plaster
(B) For very cold or very hot climate, a compact and closed plan should be provided
(C) On the sea coast, an exposed and open house is generally preferred
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
A. Yes
B. No
Answer: A
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2. A couple-close roof is used for spans e
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A. 3.5 m
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B. 5 m
c
C. 9 m M
D. 14 m
Answer: B
A. deep
B. shallow
Answer: B
A. 100 mm
B. 200 mm
C. 350 mm
D. 450 mm
Answer: C
Answer: B
o m
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t e as a result of
a
6. High early strength of cement is obtained
A. fine grinding
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c
B. burning at high temperatures
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C. decreasing the lime content
Answer: A
7. Cast-in-situ piles
Answer: D
C. brick masonry
Answer: C
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D. brick cut in such a manner that its one long face remains uncut
Answer: B
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10. Herring-bone bond is commonly used
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A. brick paving
c
B. very thick walls M
C. partition walls
D. footings in foundations
Answer: A
Answer: D
Answer: C
13. The raft foundations are generally used when the required area of
footing is
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C. more than one-helf
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D. less than one-half
te
a
Answer: C
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c structure required to support an
14. The construction of a temporary
unsafe structure, is calledM
A. underpinning
B. scaffolding
C. shoring
D. jacking
Answer: C
Answer: D
A. Yes
B. No
Answer: A
q M
D. triangular upper part of a wall formed at the end of a pitched roof
c
Answer: D
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18. In order that the wall may be stable, the lowermost course of the wall
footing is made
A. half
B. equal to
C. twice
D. four times
Answer: C
19. The projecting part of the tread beyond the face of riser is called
A. pitch
B. nosing
C. baluster
D. stringer
Answer: B
A. friction piles
B. bearing piles
C. batter piles
D. compaction piles
Answer: A
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21. Plain brick type of partition wall is constructed by
a
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A. laying bricks as stretchers in cement mortar
q
c
B. laying bricks as headers in cement mortar
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C. reinforcing the brick wall with iron straps
Answer: A
22. In made-up ground having a low value of its bearing power, heavy
concentrated structural loads are generally supported by providing
A. combined footing
B. strap footing
C. raft footing
D. all of these
Answer: C
23. The minimum load which will cause failure of a foundation is called
B. nominal strength
Answer: C
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D. the angle which the line of nosing of the stair makes with the horizontal
Answer: B
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25. The highest point on the extradosais called
q M
A. skew back
c
B. crown M
C. voussoir
D. keystone
Answer: A
For Discussion / Reporting / Correction of any MCQ please visit discussion page by clicking on
'answer' of respective MCQ.
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a
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c
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A. sill
B. mullion
C. transom
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D. horn
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Answer: A
a
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27. In a Mac Arthur pile, the core and the casting are together driven into
the ground to the required depth. c
A. Agree
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B. Disagree
Answer: A
Answer: A
29. The minimum covering of the reinforcement for the pre-cast reinforced
piles used in sea water, is
A. 40 mm
B. 55 mm
D. 100 mm
Answer: B
30. When the walls are subjected to heavy loading and the bearing
capacity of the soil is very low, then the wall is constructed on
B. column footing
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C. lean concrete footing
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D. none of these
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a
Answer: A
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31. Frog is defined as a c
M
A. depression on the top face of a brick
C. brick whose one end is cut splayed or mitred for the full width
Answer: A
32. The external jamb of a door or window opening at right angles to the
wall face, is called
A. reveals
B. styles
C. posts
D. jambs
Answer: A
A. Correct
B. Incorrect
Answer: A
forward flights. o m
in such a manner that a clear space occurs between the backward and
.c
A. Agree
te
a
B. Disagree
q M
Answer: A
c
M
35. In air conditioned building, a door has to serve both purposes of
opening and closing. The most suitable type of door for this purpose is
A. sliding door
B. swinging door
C. revolving door
D. none of these
Answer: B
A. jamb
B. reveal
C. sill
D. quoin
Answer: C
A. 3.5 m
B. 5 m
C. 6.5 m
D. 8 m
Answer: A
o m
38. A course of stone provided immediately below a cornice, is called
.c
A. blocking course
te
a
B. coping
q M
C. frieze
c
D. parapet
M
Answer: C
A. Right
B. Wrong
Answer: A
B. the diameter at the top varies from 400 to 600 mm and the diameter at the base varies from
200 to 280 mm
C. the thickness of the outer shell depends upon the pile diameter and site conditions
Answer: D
41. In case of buildings without basement, the best position for damp-
A. plinth level
B. ground level
Answer: A
called o m
42. The lower portion of an arch between the skew back and crown is
.c
A. depth
te
B. rise a
C. haunch q M
c
D. intrados
Answer: C
M
43. The ability of sub-soil to support the load of the structure without
yielding is known as
Answer: D
A. wood
B. steel
C. concrete
D. all of these
Answer: D
A. flust pointing
B. struck pointing
C. V-grooved pointing
D. tuck pointing
Answer: A
o m
.c
e
46. Which of the following statement istcorrect?
a
q M
A. The flat members connecting the jambs at the top is called head.
c
B. The head is of the same size as the jamb
M
C. The jamb are tennoned into the head and wedged.
Answer: D
47. The depth of the concrete bed placed at the bottom of a wall footing
should never be less than its projection beyond the wall base.
A. Agree
B. Disagree
Answer: A
A. half
B. equal to
C. double
D. three times
Answer: A
A. bitumen
B. mastic asphalt
C. aluminal
D. bituminous felt
Answer: B
o m
.c
e
50. A queen post truss is commonly used for spans
t
a
A. upto 3.5 m
q M
B. from 3.5 to 5 m
c
C. from 5 to 8 m
D. from 8 to 12 m
M
Answer: D
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'answer' of respective MCQ.
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o m
.c
te
a
q M
c
M
A. folding
B. collapsible
C. fixed
c
A. retaining wall M
B. breast wall
C. parapet wall
D. buttress
Answer: B
53. The term pitch in connection with pitched roofs is defined as the
Answer: B
D. none of these
Answer: C
A. bitumen
o m
B. paraffin wax
.c
te
C. cement solution
a
D. cement concrete
q M
Answer: A
c
M
56. In brick masonry, for good bonding
Answer: C
57. H-piles
Answer: D
Answer: B
q
c
C. perpendicular distance between the intrados and extrados
M
D. horizontal distance between the supports
Answer: D
D. all of these
Answer: D
Answer: B
A. In English bond, vertical joints in the header courses come over each other and vertical joints in
the stretcher courses are also in the same line.
B. In English bond, the heading course should start with a queen closer.
.c
D. In Flemish bond, every alternate course starts with a header at the corner.
te
Answer: B
a
q M
63. A raking shore is a system of
c
M
A. giving temporary lateral support to an unsafe wall
B. providing temporary support to the party walls of two buildings where the intermediate building
is to be pulled down and rebuilt
C. providing vertical support to walls and roofs, floors etc. when the lower part of a wall has to be
removed for the purpose of providing an opening in the wall
Answer: A
64. The window which projects outward from the walls of a room to
provide an increased area of opening for admitting greater light and
ventilation, is called
A. dormer window
B. corner window
C. bay window
D. clerestorey window
Answer: C
A. skew back
B. intrados
C. extrados
D. keystone
Answer: D
o m
.c
66. The surface of the abutment on which the arch rests, is known as
te
A. span a
B. keystone
q M
c
C. skew back
D. crown
M
Answer: C
67. The nogging pieces are housed in the studs at a vertical distance of
about
A. 100 to 200 mm
B. 200 to 400 mm
C. 400 to 600 mm
D. 600 to 900 mm
Answer: D
68. When the depth of water is from 4.5 to 6 m, the type of coefferdam
used is
A. earthen cofferdam
B. rockfill cofferdam
C. single-walled cofferdam
Answer: C
69. A block of stone or concrete provided under the end of tie beam to
spread the load from the roof over a large area of bearing, is called
A. gable
B. hip
C. verge
o m
D. template
.c
Answer: D
te
a
q M
70. A ridge formed by the intersection of two sloped surfaces having an
c
exterior angle greater than 180?, is called
A. gable
M
B. hip
C. verge
D. template
Answer: B
A. underpinning
B. scaffolding
C. shoring
D. jacking
Answer: A
C. centre of gravity of the column loads must coincide with the centre of gravity of the footing
Answer: C
73. The vertical distance between the wall plate and top of the ridge is
called
o m
A. rise
.c
B. pitch
te
a
C. template
q M
D. gable
c
Answer: A
M
74. The dampness in a building is due to
A. ground moisture
B. rain water
C. defective construction
D. all of these
Answer: D
75. When the pile is driven by means of water jets, water is forced through
the jet pipe under a pressure of
Answer: C
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o m
.c
te
a
q M
c
M
c
A. b/3 M
B. b/4
C. b/5
D. b/6
Answer: D
A. 4.75 mm
B. below 4.75 mm
C. 6.75 mm
D. above 6.75 mm
Answer: A
A. underpinning
C. shoring
D. jacking
Answer: B
A. riser
o m
B. tread
.c
C. flight
te
a
D. nosing
q M
Answer: B
c
M
81. The intrados of the flat arch is horizontal but the extrados has a
straight camber or upward curvature.
A. Yes
B. No
Answer: B
82. In stairs, the vertical portion of a step providing a support to the tread,
is known as
A. riser
B. flier
C. soffit
D. pitch or slope
Answer: A
B. centre
C. end
D. toilet
Answer: A
84. In designing a stair, the sum of going (in cm) and twice the rise (in cm)
should be equal to
o m
A. 40
.c
B. 50
te
a
C. 60
q M
D. 70
c
Answer: A
M
85. The process of placing a stone in its position in masonry construction
is termed as setting.
A. Yes
B. No
Answer: A
B. used to protect concrete deck or other water front structures from the abrasion or impact
D. driven in granular soil with the aim of increasing the bearing capacity of the soil
Answer: C
A. king closer
B. mitred closer
C. bevelled closer
D. queen closer
Answer: A
o m
.c
88. A type of bond in which all the bricks are laid as headeers on the faces
of walls, is known as
te
a
A. raking bond
q M
B. dutch bond c
C. facing bond M
D. heading bond
Answer: D
89. A type of cast-in-situ pile best suited for places where the ground is
soft and offers little resistance to the flow of concrete, is
A. simplex pile
B. Franki pile
C. vibro-pile
D. Raymond pile
Answer: C
90. The ultimate strength of rapid hardening cement is just the same as
that of normal setting cement.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A
A. Correct
B. Incorrect
Answer: A
92. The brick laid with its length perpendicular to the face of the wall is
called a
o m
A. course
.c
B. stretcher
te
a
C. header
q M
D. closer
c
Answer: C
M
93. A foundation consisting of thick reinforced concrete slab covering the
entire area of the bottom of the structure, is known as
A. pile foundation
B. pier foundation
C. raft foundation
D. machine foundation
Answer: C
A. Correct
B. Incorrect
Answer: A
A. jamb
B. reveal
C. sill
D. quoin
Answer: B
o m
.c
96. The combination of a king-post truss and queen post truss is known as
te
A. couple roof a
B. collar beam roof
q M
c
C. mansard roof
D. purlin roof
M
Answer: C
97. The most commonly used bond for all wall thicknesses is
A. English bond
B. Flemish bond
C. stretching bond
D. heading bond
Answer: A
A. compressible
B. water-logged
C. made-up type
D. all of these
Answer: D
A. down
B. upward
Answer: B
100. The lowest part of a structure which transmits the load to the soil is
known as
o m
A. Super-structure
.c
B. Plinth
te
a
C. Foundation
q M
D. Basement
c
Answer: C
M
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o m
.c
te
a
q M
c
M
A. 28 mm
B. 38 mm
C. 48 mm
D. 58 mm
o m
.c
Answer: B
te
a
M
102. Brick nogging type of partition wall is constructed by
q
c
A. laying bricks as stretchers in cement mortar
M
B. laying bricks as headers in cement mortar
Answer: D
103. The pointing which is extensively used in brick work and stone
masonry face work, is
A. flush poining
B. struck pointing
C. V-grooved pointing
D. tuck pointing
Answer: A
A. Right
Answer: A
A. hill roads
B. masonry dams
C. wing walls
D. all of these
o m
Answer: D
.c
te
a corrosion, a minimum cover of
106. In order to protect the beam against
q M
A. 50 mm
c
B. 100 mm M
C. 150 mm
D. 200 mm
Answer: B
B. should be continuous
D. all of these
Answer: D
108. When the pile is required to penetrate beds of hard soil or soft rock to
reach its required depth, the best method od driving the pile is by
A. drop hammer
B. steam hammer
D. boring
Answer: D
A. caisson
B. cofferdam
o m
C. well foundation
.c
D. raft foundatio
te
a
Answer: A
q M
c used for
110. The heading bond is usually
Answer: B
A. a weak mix
B. a stronger mix
D. less bleeding
Answer: C
112. The type of truss commonly used for spans varying from 5 to 9 metre
is
C. mansard truss
D. composite truss
Answer: B
A. 250 mm x 160 mm
o m
B. 270 mm x 150 mm
.c
te
C. 300 mm x 130 mm
a
D. 350 mm x 100 mm
q M
Answer: A
c
M
114. The type of masonry in which the stones of irregular size and shapes
are used and there are no regular courses, is known as
Answer: A
115. A type of flooring made with special aggregate of marble chips mixed
with white and coloured cement, is called
A. granolithic flooring
B. terrazzo flooring
C. mosaic flooring
D. asphalt flooring
Answer: B
D. the angle which the line of nosing of the stair makes with the horizontal
Answer: C
q M
c
C. lateral escape of the supporting material
D. all of these
M
Answer: D
A. coping
B. beam-filling
C. grouting
D. gunniting
Answer: C
A. 25 to 50
B. 50 to 100
C. 75 to 175
D. 175 to 200
Answer: C
A. noggings
B. studs
C. sills
D. templates
Answer: B
o m
.c
121. A series of steps without any platform, break or landing in their
direction, is called
te
a
A. riser
q M
B. tread c
C. flight M
D. nosing
Answer: C
122. The distance between the flanges of the beams in steel grillage
foundation should not be more than twice the width of flange.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A
Answer: C
A. laid flat
Answer: D
o m
125. The vertical members which support the door frame are called
.c
A. reveals
te
a
B. styles
q M
C. posts
c
D. jambs
M
Answer: D
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o m
.c
te
a
q M
c
M
A. simplex pile
B. Franki pile
C. vibro-pile
o m
D. Raymond pile
.c
te
Answer: B
a
q M
127. The type of foundation most suitable for brideges is
c
A. pier foundation M
B. raft foundation
C. pile foundation
D. strap foundation
Answer: C
128. The cement which is commonly used in all types of structures and
require no special consideration, is called
D. white cement
Answer: B
A. vertical distance between the springing line and the highest point on the intrados
Answer: C
A. 600 mm
B. 700 mm
o m
C. 800 mm
.c
te
D. 900 mm
a
Answer: D
q M
c
M
131. The process of filling up all mail holes, cracks etc. with putty is known
as
A. knotting
B. priming
C. stopping
D. finishing
Answer: C
Answer: C
B. The cavity should terminate near eaves level in case of sloping roof.
C. The cavity should terminate near coping in case of flat roof with parapet wall.
Answer: D
A. 20?
o m
B. 25?
.c
te
C. 30?
a
D. 40?
q M
Answer: D
c
135. In a stretching bond
M
A. all the bricks are laid as headers
D. the bonding bricks are laid at any angle other than zero or ninety degrees
Answer: B
136. For ordinary Portland cement, the initial setting time should not be
more than
A. 30 minutes
B. 1 hour
C. 5 hours
D. 10 hours
Answer: D
A. face
B. back
Answer: A
A. Right
o m
B. Wrong
.c
Answer: A
te
a
q M
139. If the water-cement ratio is low, the strength of the mix is high.
c
A. Agree
M
B. Disagree
Answer: A
140. The flooring made with small pieces of broken tiles of china glazed or
of marble arranged in different pattern, is known as
A. asphalt flooring
B. mosaic flooring
C. terrazo flooring
D. granolithic flooring
Answer: B
A. Column footing
B. Grillage footing
C. Raft footing
Answer: D
A. caisson
B. cofferdam
C. well foundation
o m
.c
D. raft foundatio
te
Answer: B a
q M
c
143. The minimum depth of foundation for the load bearing wall of a
building is restricted to
M
A. 600 mm
B. 700 mm
C. 800 mm
D. 900 mm
Answer: D
144. A pitched roof in which rafters slope to one side only is called
A. lean-to roof
B. Pent roof
C. Aisle roof
Answer: D
B. combined footing
C. strap footing
D. mat footing
Answer: C
o m
A. English bond
.c
B. Flemish bond
te
a
C. stretching bond
q M
D. heading bond
c
Answer: B
M
147. The diameter of the drilled piles should not exceed
A. 200 mm
B. 400 mm
C. 600 mm
D. 800 mm
Answer: C
D. all of these
Answer: D
A. pitch of an arch
B. depth of an arch
C. width of an arch
D. thickness of an arch
Answer: B
o m
.c
150. For D.P.C. at plinth level, the commonly adopted material is
te
A. bitumen sheeting a
B. plastic sheeting
q M
c
C. mastic asphalt
D. cement concrete
M
Answer: D
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o m
.c
te
a
q M
c
M
151. The projections which help in securing the head of a door frame to
the masonry, are called
A. reveals
B. stops
C. horns
o m
D. styles
.c
te
Answer: C
a
q M
152. In a flat arch, the skew back is made to rest in an inclined position so
as to make an angle of c
A. 30?
M
B. 40?
C. 50?
D. 60?
Answer: D
153. The vertical distance between the upper surface of the successive
treads is known as 'going of step'.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
B. used to protect concrete deck or other water front structures from the abrasion or impact
D. driven in granular soil with the aim of increasing the bearing capacity of the soil
Answer: B
A. axed arch
B. gauged arch
C. ashlar arch
o m
D. roubble arch
.c
te
Answer: C
a
q M
156. A wall built to resist the pressure of earth filling, is known as
c
A. breast wall M
B. retaining wall
C. parapet wall
D. duttress
Answer: D
157. The window used with the object of providing light and air to the
enclosed space below the roof, is called
A. dormer window
B. corner window
C. bay window
D. clerestorey window
Answer: A
A. 4.75 mm
C. 6.75 mm
D. above 6.75 mm
Answer: B
A. purlins
o m
B. cleats
.c
C. hip rafters
te
a
D. valley rafters
q M
Answer: A
c
M
160. The vibro-expanded pile
A. increases
B. decreases
Answer: A
161. For the pre-cast reinforced concrete piles, the quality of concrete
recommended is
A. M 100 to M 150
B. M 150 to M 200
C. M 200 to M 250
D. M 250 to M 300
Answer: B
A. vertical
C. upper horizontal
D. intermediate horizontal
Answer: B
B. stonemasonry
o m
C. plain cement concrete
.c
te
D. all of these
a
Answer: D
q M
c
M
164. A brick which is half as wide as a full brick, is called
A. king closer
B. mitred closer
C. bevelled closer
D. queen closer
Answer: D
A. course
B. stretcher
C. header
D. closer
Answer: A
B. The section of the wall should be so proportioned that it will not overturn by the lateral pressure.
C. The weight of the retaining wall and the force resulting from the earth pressure should not
stress its foundation to a value greater than safe bearing capacity of the soil.
Answer: D
o m
c
A. undergoes volumetric changes with the change of atmospheric conditions
.
B. swells excessively when wet
te
C. shrinks excessively when dry a
D. all of the above
q M
c
Answer: D
M
168. In axed brick arches, the joints of the arch are not of uniform
thickness.
A. Right
B. Wrong
Answer: B
A. hard rocks
Answer: A
170. The maximum load on the wooden pile should not exceed
B. 100 kN
C. 150 kN
D. 200 kN
Answer: D
171. For a building on the side of a busy street where the ordinary
scaffolding will obstruct the traffic on road, the type of scaffolding
provided is
o m
.c
A. brick layer's scaffold
te
B. mason's scaffold a
C. steel scaffold
q M
D. needle scaffold c
Answer: D
M
172. The type of pointing in which the mortar is first pressed into the raked
joint and then finished off flush with the face of the bricks or stones is
called
A. flush poining
B. struck pointing
C. V-grooved pointing
D. tuck pointing
Answer: D
173. In designing a stair, the product of going (in cm) and the rise (in cm)
should be equal to
A. 300
B. 350
C. 400
Answer: C
A. workshops
B. godowns
C. verandahs
D. none of these
o m
Answer: B
.c
te
a should be placed next to the
175. In English bond, the queen's closer
quoin header.
q M
c
A. Yes
B. no
M
Answer: A
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o m
.c
te
a
q M
c
M
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. six
o m
.c
Answer: A
te
a
177. Hearting is the portion of a
q M
A. wall not exposed to weather c
B. brick cut across the width
M
C. wall between facing and backing
D. brick cut in such a manner that its one long face remains uncut
Answer: C
178. In rough brick arches, the joints at the extrados are wider than those
at the intrados.
A. Correct
B. Incorrect
Answer: A
179. Weep holes are provided in the retaining walls to drain off the water
from the filling behind.
A. Agree
B. Disagree
Answer: A
A. hip rafters
B. jack rafters
C. common rafters
D. valley rafters
Answer: C
o m
181. The inner surface of an arch is called .c
te
A. extrados a
B. intrados
q M
c
C. crown
D. voussoir
M
Answer: B
A. 0.2 to 0.4 m
B. 0.4 to 0.6 m
C. 0.6 to 0.9 m
D. 0.9 to 1.6 m
Answer: D
A. The part of the wall on which the arch rests, is called abutment.
Answer: C
A. Correct
B. Incorrect
Answer: A
A. 3 m to 4.5 m
B. 4.5 m to 10 m
C. 4.5 m to 20 m
D. 4.5 m to 30 m
Answer: D
A. raking bond
B. dutch bond
C. facing bond
D. heading bond
Answer: C
A. 600 mm
B. 700 mm
C. 800 mm
D. 900 mm
Answer: D
o m
c
189. Which of the following statement is correct?
.
e
at
A. A combined footing is so proportioned that the centre of gravity of the supporting area is in line
with the centre of gravity of the two column loads.
q M
B. A combined rectangular footing is provided where loading condition is such that either the two
c
columns are equally loaded or the interior column carries greater load.
M
C. A trapezoidal shaped footing is provided under any condition of loading.
Answer: D
190. The window usually provided near the main roof of a room and opens
above the adjoining verandah, is called
A. dormer window
B. corner window
C. bay window
D. clerestorey window
Answer: D
A. equal to
B. less than
C. greater than
Answer: C
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192. The brick laid with its length parallel to the face of the wall is called a
A. course
B. stretcher
C. header
D. closer
Answer: B
o m
193. For walls thicker than 1
.c
te
A. True
a
B. False
q M
Answer: A
c
M
194. A horizontal member of a frame employed to sub-divide a window
opening horizontally is called
A. sill
B. mullion
C. transom
D. horn
Answer: C
195. The angle which the line of nosing of the stair makes with the
horizontal, is called
A. riser
B. flier
C. soffit
D. pitch or slope
Answer: D
A. 0.20 to 0.25
B. 0.25 to 0.30
C. 0.30 to 0.35
D. 0.35 to 0.50
Answer: C
q M
c
C. the arrangement of bricks is similar to English bond
M
D. the bonding bricks are laid at any angle other than zero or ninety degrees
Answer: D
198. Pile foundations are used where the good bearing capacity is
available near the ground.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
A. M 100
B. M 150
C. M 200
D. M 250
Answer: B
A. Correct
B. Incorrect
Answer: A
o m
.c
te
a
q M
c
M
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o m
.c
te
a
q M
c
M
A. 57 mm to 76 mm
B. 76 mm to 114 mm
C. 114 mm to 138 mm
D. 138 mm to 152 mm
o m
.c
Answer: A
te
a
is called q M
202. A course of stone masonry provided immediately above the cornice,
c
A. blocking course M
B. coping
C. frieze
D. parapet
Answer: A
A. shallow foundation
B. deep foundation
C. raft foundation
D. grillage foundation
Answer: D
B. dutch bond
C. facing bond
D. heading bond
Answer: D
A. Right
o m
B. Wrong
.c
te
Answer: A
a
q M
206. A flexible material used for D.P.C. is
c
A. bitumen sheeting M
B. plastic sheeting
C. mastic asphalt
D. cement concrete
Answer: A
207. The vertical distance between the springing line and the highest point
on the intrados is called
A. depth
B. rise
C. haunch
D. extrados
Answer: B
A. friction piles
B. bearing piles
C. batter piles
D. compaction piles
Answer: B
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209. In the pre-cast reinforced concrete piles,
covering the main bars should not bealess than
the thickness of concrete
q M
A. 40 mm
c
B. 55 mm
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C. 75 mm
D. 100 mm
Answer: A
A. 57 mm to 76 mm
B. 76 mm to 114 mm
C. 114 mm to 138 mm
D. 138 mm to 152 mm
Answer: B
211. A screw pile consists of cast iron or steel shaft of external diameter
varying from
A. 0 to 150 mm
B. 150 to 300 mm
D. 450 to 600 mm
Answer: B
212. The slump commonly adopted for concrete for road works is
A. 12 to 25
B. 20 to 28
C. 25 to 50
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D. 50 to 100
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Answer: B
a
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213. A steel pile which function more efficiently in soft clay or loose sand,
is c
A. H-pile
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B. pipe pile
C. screw pile
D. disc pile
Answer: C
A. pier foundation
B. strap foundation
C. raft foundation
Answer: A
Answer: D
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A. flier
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B. soffit
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a
C. scotia
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D. tread
c
Answer: C
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217. A stretcher bond is usually used for
Answer: A
For Discussion / Reporting / Correction of any MCQ please visit discussion page by clicking on
'answer' of respective MCQ.
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Question No. 01
Cast iron piles
(A) Are suitable for works under sea water
(B) Resist shocks or vibrations
(C) Are suitable for use as batter piles
(D) Are useful for heavy vertical loads
Answer: Option D
Question No. 02
The form work from the slabs excluding props, can be removed only after
(A) 1 day
(B) 4 days
(C) 7 days
(D) 14 days
Answer: Option B
Question No. 03
The process of filling hollow spaces of walls before plastering, is known
(A) Hacking
(B) Dubbing out
(C) Blistering
(D) Peeling
Answer: Option B
Question No. 04
The type of arch generally constructed over a wooden lintel or over a flat arch for the purpose of
carrying the load of the wall above is
(A) Segmental arch
(B) Pointed arch
(C) Relieving arch
(D) Flat arch
Answer: Option C
Question No. 05
The platform at the end of a series of steps, is known as
(A) Platform
(B) Relief
(C) Rest
(D) Landing
Answer: Option D
Question No. 06
The pile which supports the load due to friction between pile face and surrounding soil, is
generally known as
(A) Bearing pile
(B) Friction pile
(C) Sheet pile
(D) Battered pile
Answer: Option B
Question No. 07
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
(A) A mortar joint having a concave finishing in brick masonry, is called keyed joint
(B) A mortar joint projecting beyond the face of a masonry wall, is called tucked joint
(C) A mortar joint having a recess in it, is called ruled joint
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 08
The type of roof which slopes in two directions with a break in the slope on each side is known as
(A) Gable roof
(B) Hip roof
(C) Gambrel roof
(D) Mansard roof
Answer: Option C
Question No. 09
The inclined surface of an abutment to receive the arch, is known as
(A) Skew back
(B) Soffit
(C) Spandril
(D) Haunch
Answer: Option A
Question No. 10
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
(A) D.P.C. should be continuous
(B) D.P.C. should be of good impervious material
(C) D.P.C. may be horizontal or vertical
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 11
A wall constructed with stones to protect slopes of cuttings in natural ground from the action of
weathering agents, is called
(A) Retaining wall
(B) Breast wall
(C) Buttress
(D) Parapet wall
Answer: Option B
Question No. 12
Higher pitch of the roof
(i) Results in stronger roof
(ii) Results in weaker roof
(iii) Requires more covering material
(iv) Requires less covering material
The correct answer is
(A) (i) and (iii)
(B) (i) and (iv)
(C) (ii) and (iii)
(D) (ii) and (iv)
Answer: Option A
Question No. 13
For different layers of cement concrete floor. Pick up the incorrect statement from the following:
(A) The lowest layer consists of consolidated ground
(B) A 10 cm thick clean sand is laid on consolidated ground
(C) A 10 cm lime concrete (1 : 4 : 8) is laid on clean sand
(D) A 10 cm thick cement concrete (1 : 2 : 4) is laid on top layer
Answer: Option D
Question No. 14
Open test pit is only suitable upto a depth of
(A) 2 metres
(B) 2.5 metres
(C) 3 metres
(D) None of the above
Answer: Option C
Question No. 15
The service area in a building means the area occupied by
(A) Stairs
(B) Toilets
(C) Light and shafts
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 16
The number of steps in a flight generally should not be less than
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 5
(D) No limit
Answer: Option B
Question No. 17
The columns of multi-storeyed buildings are designed to withstand the forces due to
(A) Dead loads
(B) Live loads
(C) Wind loads
(D) All of these
Answer: Option D
Question No. 18
In soils possessing low bearing capacity, the type of foundation generally provided, is
(A) Column footing
(B) Grillage footing
(C) Raft footing
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 19
The minimum strength of the mortar used in load bearing brick masonry, is
(A) 50 N/cm2
(B) 100 N/cm2
(C) 150 N/cm2
(D) 200 N/cm2
Answer: Option B
Question No. 20
As compared to stretcher course, the thickness of joints in header course should be
(A) Less
(B) More
(C) Equal
(D) Equal or more
Answer: Option A
Question No. 21
To obtain good bonding in brick masonry
(A) First class bricks are used
(B) Vertical joints in alternate courses are kept in plumb line
(C) Bats are used where necessary
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 22
The type of pointing in which upper side of mortar joints is kept about 12 mm inside the face of
the masonry and bottom is kept flushed with face of wall, is
(A) Truck pointing
(B) Recessed pointing
(C) Struck pointing
(D) Grooved pointing
Answer: Option C
Question No. 23
The wedge shaped bricks forming an arch ring, are called
(A) Soffits
(B) Voussoirs
(C) Haunches
(D) Spandrils
Answer: Option B
Question No. 24
The maximum total settlement for isolated foundations on clayey soils should be limited to
(A) 25 mm
(B) 40 mm
(C) 65 mm
(D) 100 mm
Answer: Option C
Question No. 25
The foundation which consists of a thick reinforced cement slab covering whole area to support
heavy concentrated structural loads, is known as
(A) Combined footing
(B) Strap footing
(C) Raft footing
(D) None of these
Answer: Option C
Question No. 26
For each storey of a building, the depth of exploration should be
(A) 1 metre
(B) 2 metres
(C) 3 metres
(D) 4 metres
Answer: Option C
Question No. 27
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
(A) Plain cement concrete is equally strong in compression as well as in tension
(B) Slump test is performed to check concrete strength
(C) Curing of concrete is done for proper compaction of cement
(D) Fineness modulus is the index number expressing the relative sizes of both coarse and fine
aggregates
Answer: Option D
Question No. 28
The bearing capacity of a water logged soil can be improved by
(A) Compacting the soil
(B) Draining the soil
(C) Increasing the depth of foundation
(D) Grouting
Answer: Option B
Question No. 29
The position of a brick when laid on its side 9 cm × 9 cm with its frog in the vertical plane, is called
(A) Brick on edge
(B) Brick on end
(C) Brick on bed
(D) Brick held vertically
Answer: Option B
Question No. 30
A floor constructed with the 4 to 6 mm marble chips, is known
(A) Reinforced marble floor
(B) Terrazzo floor
(C) Marble floor
(D) Chip floor
Answer: Option B
Question No. 31
A stair should not have pitch more than
(A) 25°
(B) 30°
(C) 40°
(D) 50°
Answer: Option C
Question No. 32
Depth or height of the arch is the
(A) Perpendicular distance between intrados and extrados
(B) Vertical distance between springing line and intrados
(C) Perpendicular distance between springing line and extrados
(D) None of the above
Answer: Option A
Question No. 33
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
(A) The pile driven in sand is called sand pile
(B) The drilled hole filled with sand is called sand pile
(C) The sand piles are used for bearing purposes
(D) None of these
Answer: Option A
Question No. 34
A wall constructed to resist the pressure of an earth filling, is called
(A) Retaining wall
(B) Breast wall
(C) Buttress
(D) Parapet wall
Answer: Option A
Question No. 35
Two columns 50 cm × 50 cm and 60 cm × 60 cm carry 80 tonnes and 120 tonnes of loads
respectively. The centre to centre distance between columns is 5.00 metres. The permissible
bearing capacity of the soil is 20 t/m2. If the footing is not to project more than 25 cm beyond the
outside of the smaller column, pick up the correct design parameters of the footing from the
following:
(A) Distance of C.G. of the loads from the smaller column = 3.00 m
(B) The length of the foundation slab = 7.00 m
(C) Area of footing slab = 11.00 m2
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 36
Pitched and sloping roofs are suitable for
(A) Coastal regions
(B) Plain regions
(C) Covering large areas
(D) All of the above
Answer: Option A
Question No. 37
A wooden block hinged on post outside a door, is known
(A) Cleat
(B) Stop
(C) Horn
(D) None of these
Answer: Option A
Question No. 38
If a is the offset of concrete bed in cms, and d is the depth of concrete bed in cms, then
(A) d = 0.445 a
(B) d = 0.557 a
(C) d = 0.775 a
(D) None of these
Answer: Option C
Question No. 39
In high mountainous region, the type of roof generally recommended for buildings, is
(A) Shed type
(B) Gable type
(C) Gambrel type
(D) Mansard type
Answer: Option C
Question No. 40
The function of cleats in a roof truss is
(A) To support the common rafter
(B) To support purlins
(C) To prevent the purlins from tilting
(D) All of the above
Answer: Option C
Question No. 41
The Auger borings are not common
(A) In soils that require lateral support
(B) In cohesive soils
(C) In soft soils
(D) None of the above
Answer: Option A
Question No. 42
The pile provided with one or more bulles in its vertical shaft, is generally known as
(A) Under-ream pile
(B) Friction pile
(C) Bearing pile
(D) Sheet pile
Answer: Option A
Question No. 43
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
(A) Isolated footing is provided under column to transfer the load safely to soil bed
(B) Column footings may have steps or projections in the concrete base
(C) Heavily loaded column base must be provided steel reinforcement in both directions
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 44
In any good staircase, the maximum and minimum pitch respectively should be
(A) 90° and 0°
(B) 75° and 30°
(C) 60° and 10°
(D) 40° and 25°
Answer: Option D
Question No. 45
Raft foundation are generally preferred to when the area required for individual footing, is more
than
(A) 25% to total area
(B) 30% of total area
(C) 40% to total area
(D) 50% of total area
Answer: Option D
Question No. 46
According to National Building Code, the hydrants in water mains is provided at minimum interval
of
(A) 50 m
(B) 60 m
(C) 75 m
(D) 90 m
Answer: Option C
Question No. 47
The X-ray rooms are plastered with
(A) Plaster of Paris
(B) Barium plaster
(C) Martin's cement
(D) Keen's cement
Answer: Option B
Question No. 48
The type of footing which is used to transmit heavy loads through steel columns is
(A) Raft foundation
(B) Grillage foundation
(C) Well foundation
(D) Isolated footing
Answer: Option B
Question No. 49
Dutch bond is a modification of
(A) English bond
(B) Stretcher bond
(C) Header bond
(D) Single Flemish bond
Answer: Option A
Question No. 50
In clay soil
(A) Swelling and shrinkage characteristics prevail
(B) Consolidation continues even after several years of construction
(C) Differential settlement is generally prevalent
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 51
Which one of the following activities is not correct as applicable to brick corbels?
(A) The maximum projection of the corbel should not be more than the thickness of the wall
(B) The maximum projection of each corbel course should be limited to a quarter brick at a time
(C) The discontinuous corbels are used to carry heavy concentrated loads
(D) Stretcher bond is generally used for the construction of brick corbel
Answer: Option D
Question No. 52
In ordinary residential and public buildings, the damp proof course is generally provided at
(A) Ground level
(B) Plinth level
(C) Water table level
(D) Midway ground level and water-table level
Answer: Option B
Question No. 53
In which of the following pairs both trees yield soft wood?
(A) Deodar and Shishum
(B) Chir and sal
(C) Sal and teak
(D) Chir and deodar
Answer: Option D
Question No. 54
The raft slab is projected beyond the outer walls of the structure by
(A) 5 to 10 cm
(B) 15 to 20 cm
(C) 25 to 30 cm
(D) 30 to 45 cm
Answer: Option D
Question No. 55
In grillage foundations, distance between flanges of grillage beams, is kept
(A) 40 cm
(B) Equal to flange width
(C) Twice the flange width
(D) Maximum of (a), (b) and (c)
Answer: Option C
Question No. 56
The sill of a common wooden partition is
(A) Vertical wooden member on either end
(B) Lower horizontal wooden member
(C) Upper horizontal wooden member
(D) Intermediate horizontal wooden member
Answer: Option B
Question No. 57
The important test to be conducted on a stone used in docks and harbours is
(A) Hardness test
(B) Workability test
(C) Weight test
(D) Toughness test
Answer: Option C
Question No. 58
The member which is placed horizontally to support common rafter of a sloping roof, is
(A) Purlin
(B) Cleat
(C) Batten
(D) Strut
Answer: Option A
Question No. 59
A covering of concrete placed on the exposed top of an external wall, is known as
(A) Cornice
(B) Coping
(C) Frieze
(D) Lintel
Answer: Option B
Question No. 60
The bond in which headers and stretchers are laid in alternate courses and every stretcher course
is started with a three fourth brick bat, is known as
(A) English cross bond
(B) Dutch bond
(C) Monk bond
(D) Rat-trap bond
Answer: Option B
Question No. 61
The vertical distance between the springing line and highest point of the inner curve of an arch is
known as
(A) Intrados
(B) Rise
(C) Spandril
(D) Extrados
Answer: Option B
Question No. 62
The entrained concrete is used in lining walls and roofs for making
(A) Heat insulated
(B) Sound insulated
(C) Neither (a) nor (b)
(D) Both (a) and (b)
Answer: Option D
Question No. 63
The depth of concrete bed of the foundation depends upon
(A) The projection of the concrete block beyond the footing over it
(B) The upward soil pressure
(C) The mix of the concrete
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 64
A pre-stressed concrete pile is
(A) Easy to handle
(B) Lighter in weight
(C) Extremely durable
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 65
The type of joint commonly used at the junction of a principal rafter and tie beam in timber
trusses is
(A) Mortise and tenon joint
(B) Oblique mortise and tenon joint
(C) Butt joint
(D) Mitred joint
Answer: Option B
Question No. 66
During percussion drilling
(A) Ground water observations are hindered due to entry of the slurry in the soil below the
bottom of the hole
(B) Caving or mixing of strata are caused in soft soils or cohesionless soils
(C) The soil to a considerable depth below the bottom of the hole gets disturbed
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 67
The type of stone masonry in which stones of same height are laid in layers, is called
(A) Random rubble masonry
(B) Course rubble masonry
(C) Uncoursed rubble masonry
(D) Ashlar masonry
Answer: Option B
Question No. 68
A wooden block fixed on back side of a door frame on its post, is known as
(A) Cleat
(B) Stop
(C) Horn
(D) None of these
Answer: Option B
Question No. 69
In a colar beam roof
(A) There is no horizontal tie beam
(B) There is a horizontal tie at the feet of rafters only
(C) There is a horizontal tie at almost the middle of rafters only
(D) There are two horizontal ties, one at the feet and other at the middle of the rafters
Answer: Option C
Question No. 70
The piece of a brick cut with its one corner equivalent to half the length and half the width of a full
brick, is known as
(A) Queen closer
(B) Bevelled closer
(C) King closer
(D) Half king closer
Answer: Option C
Question No. 71
For effective drainage, the finished surface of flat roof should have a minimum slope of
(A) 1 in 20
(B) 1 to 50
(C) 1 in 10
(D) 1 in 5
Answer: Option A
Question No. 72
Vertical construction joints are provided where the shearing forces are minimum in the case of
(A) Slabs
(B) Beams
(C) Girders
(D) All of these
Answer: Option D
Question No. 73
Single Flemish bond consists of
(A) Double Flemish bond facing and English bond backing in each course
(B) English bond facing and double Flemish bond backing in each course
(C) Stretcher bond facing and double Flemish bond backing in each course
(D) Double Flemish bond facing and header bond backing in each course
Answer: Option A
Question No. 74
The foundations are placed below ground level, to increase
(A) Strength
(B) Workability
(C) Stability of structure
(D) All the above
Answer: Option C
Question No. 75
The type of bond in a brick masonry containing alternate courses of stretchers and headers, is
called
(A) Flemish bond
(B) English bond
(C) Stretcher bond
(D) Header bond
Answer: Option B
Question No. 76
The width of the hollow space between two walls of a cavity wall should not exceed
(A) 5 cm
(B) 7.5 cm
(C) 10 cm
(D) 15 cm
Answer: Option C
Question No. 77
The predominant constituent which is responsible for strength in granite is
(A) Quartz
(B) Felspar
(C) Mica
(D) None of the above
Answer: Option A
Question No. 78
To ensure that supporting area of an offset footing of a boundary wall is fully compressive, the
C.G. of load must act
(A) At the centre of the base
(B) Within the middle third of the base
(C) Within the middle fifth of the base
(D) Neither (a), (b) nor (c)
Answer: Option B
Question No. 79
The size of a floor tile commonly used, is
(A) 15 cm × 15 cm × 1.8 cm
(B) 20 cm × 20 cm × 2 cm
(C) 22.5 × 22.5 cm × 2.2 cm
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 80
The art of bringing the floor to a true level surface by means of screeds, is called
(A) Topping
(B) Bedding
(C) Screeding
(D) None of these
Answer: Option C
Question No. 81
The type of roof suitable in plains where rainfall is meagre and temperature is high is
(A) Pitched and sloping roof
(B) Flat roof
(C) Shell roof
(D) None of the above
Answer: Option B
Question No. 82
For constructing a terrazzo floor, Pick up the incorrect statement from the following:
(A) A base course is prepared as in cement concrete flooring
(B) A 32 mm thick layer of cement concrete (1 : 2 : 4) is laid on the base course and the surface
is made smooth by trowelling
(C) Glass strips are driven into the layer according to the pattern required
(D) After final grinding is over, oxalic acid mixed with water is spread over and rubbed hard with
soft material
Answer: Option B
Question No. 83
The arrangement made to support an unsafe structure temporarily, is known as
(A) Shoring
(B) Scaffolding
(C) Underpinning
(D) Jacking
Answer: Option A
Question No. 84
The type of pointing in which a V-shaped projection outside the wall surface, is provided, is called
(A) Recessed pointing
(B) Weather pointing
(C) V-pointing
(D) Tuck pointing
Answer: Option B
Question No. 85
Assertion A : Shishum is used for decorative woodwork.
Reason R : Shishum can be polished to an excellent finish.
Select your answer according to the coding system given below:
(A) Both A and R is true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R is true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true
Answer: Option A
Question No. 86
Rotary drilling
(A) Is not suitable for deposits containing very coarse gravel
(B) Hinders the ground water observations and permeability test
(C) Is not economical for holes of less than 10 cm
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 87
Safe bearing capacity of black cotton soil varies from
(A) 2 to 3 t/m2
(B) 5 to 7.5 t/m2
(C) 8 to 10 t/m2
(D) 10 to 12 t/m2
Answer: Option B
Question No. 88
The window which projects outside a room of a building for admitting more light and air, is known
(A) Bay window
(B) Casement window
(C) Lantern window
(D) Dormer window
Answer: Option A
Question No. 89
In the construction of arches, sand box method is used for
(A) Centring
(B) Actual laying of arch work
(C) Striking of centring
(D) None of the above
Answer: Option C
Question No. 90
In English garden wall bond
(A) One course of headers to three or five course of stretchers
(B) Queen closer in provided in each heading course
(C) The middle course of stretchers is started with a header to give proper vertical joints
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 91
The concrete slump recommended for foundations, is
(A) 25 to 50 mm
(B) 30 to 125 mm
(C) 50 to 100 mm
(D) 75 to 125 mm
Answer: Option C
Question No. 92
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
(A) In a king post truss, principal rafter and tie beams are jointed together with a bridle joint
(B) Joint between the principal rafter and the king post is made by making tenon and mortise
respectively
(C) Joint between strut and king post, is generally of mortise and tenon type
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 93
Sum of tread and rise must lie between
(A) 300 to 350 mm
(B) 400 to 450 mm
(C) 500 to 550 mm
(D) 600 to 650 mm
Answer: Option B
Question No. 94
In case of foundations on sandy soil, maximum permissible differential settlement, is usually
limited to
(A) 15 mm
(B) 25 mm
(C) 35 mm
(D) 45 mm
Answer: Option B
Question No. 95
In soft clay of low bearing capacity, the type of steel pile generally used, is
(A) H-pile
(B) Screw pile
(C) Disc pile
(D) Pipe pile
Answer: Option B
Question No. 96
Gravels
(A) Are cohesionless aggregates
(B) Vary in size between 2 to 20 mm
(C) Never swell when they come into contact with water
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
Question No. 97
The differential settlement in case of foundations on sandy soils should not exceed
(A) 25 mm
(B) 40 mm
(C) 65 mm
(D) 100 mm
Answer: Option A
Question No. 98
An arch constructed with finely dressed stones, is known
(A) Ashlar arch
(B) Rubble arch
(C) Gauged arch
(D) Axed arch
Answer: Option A
Question No. 99
Pick up the correct statement from the following:
(A) Lime mortar with cement in the ratio of in 10 is cheaper and better for outside plaster
(B) For very cold or very hot climate, a compact and closed plan should be provided
(C) On the sea coast, an exposed and open house is generally preferred
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
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i
)aqueousr
ock
i
i
i)si
l
ici
ousr
ock
Thecor
rectansweri
s
a)onl
y(i
)
b)bot
h(i
)and(
ii
)
c)bot
h(i
)and(
ii
i)
d)al
l(i
),(
ii
)and(
ii
i)
Ans:
d
8.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sar
ock?
a)quar
tz
b)mi
ca
c)gy
psum
d)noneoft
heabov
e
Ans:
c
9.Basedonthefol
lowi
ngrocksandmi
ner
als,
sel
ectt
hecor
rectst
atement
,quar
tz,
shal
e,basal
t,
grani
te,
marble,
gypsum,mica
a)basal
tandmar
blear
etheonl
ymet
amor
phi
crocks
b)t
her
eisnosedi
ment
aryr
ock
c)gr
ani
tei
stheonl
yigneousr
ock
d)quar
tzandmi
caar
emi
ner
als
Ans:
d
10.Aheav
yst
onei
ssui
tabl
efor
a)ar
ches
b)r
ubbl
emasonr
y
c)r
oads
d)r
etai
ningwal
l
s
Ans:
d
11.Thest
onesui
tabl
eforr
ubbl
emasonr
yshoul
dbe.
a)har
d
b)t
ough
c)heav
y
d)l
i
ght
Ans:
a
12.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngmet
amor
phi
crockshast
hemostweat
herr
esi
sti
ngchar
act
eri
sti
cs?
a)mar
ble
b)quar
tzi
te
c)sl
ate
d)l
i
mest
one
Ans:
b
13.Agoodbui
l
dingst
oneshoul
dnotabsor
bwat
ermor
ethan
a)5%
b)10%
c)15%
d)20%
Ans:
a
14.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
nghasmor
efi
rer
esi
sti
ngchar
act
eri
sti
cs?
a)mar
ble
b)l
i
mest
one
c)compactsandst
one
d)gr
ani
te
Ans:
c
15.Jumperi
sat
ool
usedf
or
a)t
est
ingofst
ones
b)quar
ryi
ngofst
ones
c)dr
essi
ngofst
ones
d)noneoft
heabov
e
Ans:
b
16.Thei
mpor
tantt
estt
obeconduct
edonast
oneusedi
ndocksandhar
bor
sis-
a)har
dnesst
est
b)wor
kabi
l
ityt
est
c)wei
ghtt
est
d)t
oughnesst
est
Ans:
c
17.Thepr
edomi
nantconst
it
uentwhi
chi
sresponsi
blef
orst
rengt
hingr
ani
tei
s
a)quar
tz
b)f
eldspar
c)mi
ca
d)noneoft
heabov
e
Ans:
a
18.Gr
ani
tei
snotsui
tabl
eforor
dinar
ybui
l
dingpur
posebecause
a)i
tcannotbepol
i
shed
b)i
tisnotaf
ir
epr
oofmat
eri
al
c)i
tiscost
ly
d)i
thasl
esscr
ushi
ngst
rengt
h
Ans:
c
19.Whi
chofthef
oll
owi
ngst
onei
sbestsui
tedf
orconst
ruct
ionofpi
ersandabut
ment
sofa
rai
l
waybri
dge?
a)gr
ani
te
b)sandst
one
c)l
i
mest
one
d)quar
tzi
te
Ans:
a
20.Thepr
epar
ationofsur
faceofst
onet
oobt
ainpl
ainedgesort
oobt
ainst
onesofr
equi
red
si
zeandshapeisknownas
a)quar
ryi
ngofst
ones
b)bl
ast
ingofst
ones
c)seasoni
ngofst
ones
d)dr
essi
ngofst
ones
Ans:
d
21.Cr
ushi
ngst
rengt
hofagoodbui
l
dingst
oneshoul
dbemor
ethan
a)50MPa
b)100MPa
c)150MPa
d)200MPa
Ans:
b
22.Speci
fi
cgr
avi
tyf
ormostoft
hebui
l
dingst
onesl
i
esbet
ween
a)1.
5to2.
0
b)2.
0to2.
5
c)2.
5to3.
0
d)3.
0to3.
5
Ans:
c
23.Spal
l
inghammeri
susedf
or
a)dr
ivi
ngwoodenheadedchi
sel
s
b)r
oughdr
essi
ngofst
ones
c)car
vingofst
ones
d)br
eaki
ngsmal
lpr
oject
ionofst
ones
Ans:
b
24.Cr
osscutsawi
susedf
or
a)cut
ti
ngsof
tst
ones
b)cut
ti
nghar
dst
ones
c)cut
ti
ngl
argebl
ocksofst
ones
d)dr
essi
ngst
ones
Ans:
b
25.Sapwoodconsi
stsof
a)i
nner
mostannul
arr
ingsar
oundt
hepi
th
b)por
ti
onoft
imberbet
weenhear
twoodandcambi
um l
ayer
c)t
hinl
ayer
sbel
owt
hebar
k
d)t
hinf
ibr
ewhi
chext
endsf
rom t
hepi
thout
war
dsandhol
dst
heannul
arr
ingst
oget
her
Ans:
b
26.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
reesy
iel
dshar
dwood?
a)deodar
b)chi
r
c)shi
shum
d)pi
ne
Ans:
c
27.Ther
adi
alspl
i
tswhi
char
ewi
deront
heout
sideoft
hel
ogandnar
rowert
owar
dst
hepi
thar
e
knownas
a)hear
tshakes
b)cupshakes
c)st
arshakes
d)r
indgal
l
s
Ans:
c
28.I
nwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsbot
htr
eesy
iel
dsof
twood?
a)deodarandshi
shum
b)chi
randsal
c)sal
andt
eak
d)chi
randdeodar
Ans:
d
29.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
imber
sissui
tabl
eformaki
ngspor
tsgoods?
a)mul
ber
ry
b)mahogany
c)sal
d)deodar
Ans:
a
30.Asser
ti
onA:
Shi
shum i
susedf
ordecor
ati
vewoodwor
k.
ReasonR:
Shi
shum canbepol
i
shedt
oanexcel
l
entf
ini
sh.
Sel
ecty
ouransweraccor
dingt
othecodi
ngsy
stem gi
venbel
ow:
a)Bot
hAandRar
etr
ueandRi
sthecor
rectexpl
anat
ionofA
b)Bot
hAandRar
etr
uebutRi
snott
hecor
rectexpl
anat
ionofA
c)Ai
str
uebutRi
sfal
se
d)Ai
sfal
sebutRi
str
ue
Ans:
a
31.Thedi
seaseofdr
yroti
nti
mberi
scausedby
a)l
ackofv
ent
il
ati
on
b)al
ter
nat
ewetanddr
ycondi
ti
ons
c)compl
etesubmer
gencei
nwat
er
d)noneoft
heabov
e
Ans:
a
32.Pl
ywoodhast
headv
ant
ageof
’
a)gr
eat
ert
ensi
l
est
rengt
hinl
ongerdi
rect
ion
b)gr
eat
ert
ensi
l
est
rengt
hinshor
terdi
rect
ion
c)samet
ensi
l
est
rengt
hinal
ldi
rect
ions
d)noneoft
heabov
e
Ans:
c
33.I
nwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngdi
rect
ions,
thest
rengt
hoft
imberi
smaxi
mum ?
a)par
all
elt
ogr
ains
b)45°t
ogr
ains
c)per
pendi
cul
art
ogr
ains
d)samei
nal
ldi
rect
ions
Ans:
a
34.Themoi
stur
econt
enti
nawel
lseasonedt
imberi
s
a)4%t
o6%
b)10%t
o12%
c)15%t
o20%
d)100%
Ans:
b
35.Thet
runkoft
reel
eftaf
tercut
ti
ngal
lthebr
anchesi
sknownas
a)l
og
b)bat
ten
c)pl
ank
d)baul
k
Ans:
a
36.Theageofat
reecanbeknownbyexami
ning
a)cambi
um l
ayer
b)annul
arr
ings
c)medul
l
aryr
ays
d)hear
twood
Ans:
b
37.Plywoodi
smadebybondingtogethert
hinl
ayersofwoodi
nsuchawayt
hatt
heangl
e
betweengrai
nsofanyl
ayert
ograinsofadj
acentlayer
sis
a)0°
b)30°
c)45°
d)90°
Ans:
d
38.Thepl
ywood
a)hasgoodst
rengt
hal
ongt
hepanel
onl
y
b)canbespi
l
tint
hepl
aneoft
hepanel
c)hasgr
eat
eri
mpactr
esi
stancet
obl
owst
hanor
dinar
ywood
d)cannotbebentmor
eeasi
l
ythanor
dinar
ywoodofsamet
hickness
Ans:
c
39.Thepr
act
ical
li
mitofmoi
stur
econt
entachi
evedi
nai
rdr
yingoft
imberi
s
a)5%
b)15%
c)25%
d)35%
Ans:
b
40.Fi
rstcl
asst
imberhasanav
eragel
i
feof
a)l
esst
hanoney
ear
b)1t
o5y
ear
s
c)5t
o10y
ear
s
d)mor
ethan10y
ear
s
Ans:
d
41.Afi
rstcl
assbr
ickwheni
mmer
sedi
ncol
dwat
erf
or24hour
sshoul
dnotabsor
bwat
ermor
e
than
a)15%
b)20%
c)22%
d)25%
Ans:
b
42.Cr
ushi
ngst
rengt
hofaf
ir
stcl
assbr
ickshoul
dnotbel
esst
han
a)3.
5N/
mm2
b)7.
0N/
mm2
c)10.
5N/
mm2
d)14.
0N/
mm2
Ans:
c
43.Themai
nfunct
ionofal
umi
nai
nbr
ickear
thi
s
a)t
oimpar
tpl
ast
ici
ty
b)t
omaket
hebr
ickdur
abl
e
c)t
opr
eventshr
inkage
d)t
omaket
hebr
icki
mper
meabl
e
Ans:
a
44.Theper
cent
ageofal
umi
nai
nagoodbr
ickear
thl
i
esbet
ween
a)5t
o10%
b)20t
o30%
c)50t
o60%
d)70t
o80%
Ans:
b
45.Excessofal
umi
nai
nbr
ickear
thmakest
hebr
ick
a)i
mper
meabl
e
b)br
it
tl
eandweak
c)t
olosecohesi
on
d)t
ocr
ackandwar
pondr
ying
Ans:
d
46.Thenomi
nal
sizeoft
hemodul
arbr
icki
s
a)190mm x90mmx80mm
Ans:
c
47.Per
cent
ageofsi
l
icai
nagoodbr
ickear
thl
i
esbet
ween
a)5t
o10%
b)20t
o30%
c)50t
o60%
d)70t
o80%
Ans:
c
48.Excessofsi
l
icai
nbr
ickear
thr
esul
tsi
n
a)cr
acki
ngandwar
pingofbr
icks
b)l
ossofcohesi
on
c)enhanci
ngt
hei
mper
meabi
l
ityofbr
icks
d)noneoft
heabov
e
Ans:
b
49.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
ngr
edi
ent
soft
hebr
ickear
thenabl
est
hebr
ickt
oret
aini
tsshape?
a)al
umi
na
b)si
l
ica
c)i
ron
d)magnesi
a
Ans:
b
50.Whichoft
hefoll
owingpai
rsgi
vesacorr
ectcombi
nat
ionoft
heusef
ulandhar
mful
const
it
uentsr
especti
vel
yofagoodbri
ckeart
h?
a)l
i
mest
oneandal
umi
na
b)si
l
icaandal
kal
i
es
c)al
umi
naandi
ron
d)al
kal
i
esandmagnesi
um
Ans:
b
51.Thepr
ocessofmi
xi
ngcl
ay,
wat
erandot
heri
ngr
edi
ent
stomakebr
icki
sknownas
a)kneadi
ng
b)moul
ding
c)puggi
ng
d)dr
ying
Ans:
a
52.Adv
ant
ageofacl
ampcompar
edt
oaki
l
nforbur
ningbr
icksi
sthat
a)i
ttakesl
esst
imef
orbur
ning
b)i
tgi
vesmor
eout
putoff
ir
stcl
assbr
icks
c)i
thasl
essi
nit
ial
cost
d)i
tissui
tabl
ewhenbr
icksar
erequi
redi
nlar
genumber
s
Ans:
c
53.Thei
nter
nal
sizeofmoul
dusedi
nbr
ickpr
epar
ati
oni
s
a)equal
tot
hesi
zeofaf
ull
ybur
ntbr
ick
b)smal
l
ert
hant
hesi
zeofaf
ull
ybur
ntbr
ick
c)gr
eat
ert
hant
hesi
zeofaf
ull
ybur
ntbr
ick
d)noneoft
heabov
e
Ans:
c
54.Pugmi
l
lisusedf
or
a)pr
epar
ati
onofcl
ay
b)moul
dingofcl
ay
c)dr
yingofbr
icks
d)bur
ningofbr
icks
Ans:
a
55.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngbr
icksar
eusedf
orl
i
ningoff
urnaces?
a)ov
erbur
ntbr
icks
b)under
bur
ntbr
icks
c)r
efr
act
orybr
icks
d)f
ir
stcl
assbr
icks
Ans:
c
56.Thef
rogoft
hebr
icki
nabr
ickmasonr
yisgener
all
ykepton
a)bot
tom f
ace
b)t
opf
ace
c)shor
tersi
de
d)l
ongersi
de
Ans:
b
57.Numberofbr
icksr
equi
redf
oronecubi
cmet
reofbr
ickmasonr
yis
a)400
b)450
c)500
d)550
Ans:
c
58.Gl
azi
ngi
susedt
omakeear
thenwar
e
a)har
d
b)sof
t
c)por
ous
d)i
mper
vious
Ans:
d
59.Qui
ckl
i
mei
s
a)cal
cium car
bonat
e
b)cal
cium ox
ide
c)cal
cium hy
droxi
de
d)noneoft
heabov
e
Ans:
b
60.Qui
ckl
i
mei
s
i
)sl
owi
nset
ti
ng
i
i
)rapi
dinsl
acki
ng
i
i
i)goodi
nst
rengt
hThecor
rectansweri
s
a)onl
y(i
)
b)onl
y(i
i
)
c)bot
h(i
)and(
ii
)
d)bot
h(i
i
)and(
ii
i)
Ans:
c
61.Asser
ti
onA:
Pur
eli
met
akesal
ongt
imet
odev
elopadequat
est
rengt
h.
ReasonR:
Pur
eli
mehassl
owhar
deni
ngchar
act
eri
sti
cs.
Sel
ecty
ouransweraccor
dingt
othecodi
ngsy
stem gi
venbel
ow:
a)Bot
hAandRar
etr
ueandRi
scor
rectexpl
anat
ionofA.
b)Bot
hAandRar
etr
ueandRi
snotacor
rectexpl
anat
ionofA.
c)Ai
str
uebutRi
sfal
se.
d)Ai
sfal
sebutRi
str
ue.
Ans:
a
62.Hy
draul
i
cli
mei
sobt
ainedby
a)bur
ningofl
i
mest
one
b)bur
ningofkankar
c)addi
ngwat
ert
oqui
ckl
i
me
d)cal
cinat
ionofpur
ecl
ay
Ans:
b
63.Themai
nconst
it
uentwhi
chi
mpar
tshy
draul
i
cit
ytohy
draul
i
cli
mei
s
a)cal
cium oxi
de
b)si
l
ica
c)cl
ay
d)wat
er
Ans:
c
64.St
udyt
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
s.
i
)Hy
draul
i
cli
mei
ssui
tabl
eforwhi
tewashi
ng,
i
i
)Fatl
i
mei
ssui
tabl
eforwhi
tewashi
ng,
i
i
i)Hy
draul
i
cli
mei
ssui
tabl
eformaki
ngmor
tar
,
i
v)Fatl
i
mei
ssui
tabl
eformaki
ngmor
tar
.
Thecor
rectansweri
s
a)(
i)and(
iv)
b)(
ii
)and(
ii
i)
c)(
i)and(
ii
)
d)(
ii
i)and(
iv)
Ans:
b
65.Themai
ningr
edi
ent
sofPor
tl
andcementar
e
a)l
i
meandsi
l
ica
b)l
i
meandal
umi
na
c)si
l
icaandal
umi
na
d)l
i
meandi
ron
Ans:
a
66.Theconst
it
uentofcementwhi
chi
sresponsi
blef
oral
ltheundesi
rabl
epr
oper
ti
esofcement
i
s
a)di
cal
cium si
l
icat
e
b)t
ri
cal
cium si
l
icat
e
c)t
ri
cal
cium al
umi
nat
e
d)t
etr
acal
cium al
umi
nof
err
it
e
Ans:
c
67.LeChat
eli
er’
sdev
icei
susedf
ordet
ermi
ningt
he
a)set
ti
ngt
imeofcement
b)soundnessofcement
c)t
ensi
l
est
rengt
hofcement
d)compr
essi
vest
rengt
hofcement
Ans:
b
68.Themai
nconst
it
uentofcementwhi
chi
sresponsi
blef
ori
nit
ial
set
ti
ngofcementi
s
a)di
cal
cium si
l
icat
e
b)t
ri
cal
cium si
l
icat
e
c)t
ri
cal
cium al
umi
nat
e
d)al
loft
heabov
e
Ans:
c
69.Thei
nit
ial
set
ti
ngt
imef
oror
dinar
yPor
tl
andcementasperI
Sspeci
fi
cat
ionsshoul
dnotbe
l
essthan
a)10mi
nut
es
b)30mi
nut
es
c)60mi
nut
es
d)600mi
nut
es
Ans:
b
70.AsperI
Sspeci
fi
cat
ions,
themaxi
mum f
inal
set
ti
ngt
imef
oror
dinar
yPor
tl
andcement
shoul
dbe
a)30mi
nut
es
b)1hour
c)6hour
s
d)10hour
s
Ans:
d
71.Fort
est
ingcompr
essi
vest
rengt
hofcement
,thesi
zeofcubeusedi
s
a)50mm
b)70.
6mm
c)100mm
d)150mm
Ans:
a
72.Thenor
mal
consi
stencyofor
dinar
yPor
tl
andcementi
sabout
a)10%
b)20%
c)30%
d)40%
Ans:
c
73.Ear
lyat
tai
nmentofst
rengt
hinr
api
dhar
deni
ngcementi
smai
nlyduet
o
a)gy
psum
b)f
inergr
indi
ng
c)t
ri
cal
cium si
l
icat
e
d)t
ri
cal
cium al
umi
nat
e
Ans:
b
74.Af
terst
orage,
thest
rengt
hofcement
a)decr
eases
b)i
ncr
eases
c)r
emai
nssame
d)mayi
ncr
easeordecr
ease
Ans:
a
75.Accor
dingt
oISspeci
fi
cati
ons,thecompr
essi
vest
rengt
hofor
dinar
ypor
tl
andcementaf
ter
thr
eedaysshoul
dnotbelessthan
a)7MPa
b)11.
5MPa
c)16MPa
d)21MPa
Ans:
c
Bui
l
dingMat
eri
alsandConst
ruct
ionObj
ect
iveTy
peQuest
ions:
:
76.Addi
ti
onofpozzol
anat
oor
dinar
yPor
tl
andcementi
ncr
eases
a)bl
eedi
ng
b)shr
inkage
c)per
meabi
l
ity
d)heatofhy
drat
ion
Ans:
b
77.Gy
psum consi
stsof
a)H2SandC02
b)CaS04andH20
c)Li
meandH20
d)C02andcal
cium
Ans:
b
78.Fort
est
ingcompr
essi
veandtensi
l
estr
engt
hofcement
,thecementmor
tari
smadeby
mixi
ngcementandst
andardsandi
nthepr
opor
tionsof
a)1:
2
b)1:
3
c)1:
4
d)1:
6
Ans:
b
79.Thesl
umpr
ecommendedf
ormassconcr
etei
sabout
a)25mm t
o50mm
b)50mm t
o100mm
c)100mm t
o125mm
d)125mm t
o150mm
Ans:
a
80.Wi
thi
ncr
easei
nmoi
stur
econt
ent
,thebul
ki
ngofsand
a)i
ncr
eases
b)decr
eases
c)f
ir
sti
ncr
easest
oacer
tai
nmaxi
mum v
alueandt
hendecr
eases
d)f
ir
stdecr
easest
oacer
tai
nmi
nimum v
alueandt
heni
ncr
eases
Ans:
c
81.Whichoft
hef
oll
owi
ngcement
sissui
tabl
eforusei
nmassi
veconcr
etest
ruct
uressuchas
l
argedams?
a)or
dinar
yPor
tl
andcement
b)l
owheatcement
c)r
api
dhar
deni
ngcement
d)sul
phat
eresi
sti
ngcement
Ans:
b
82.Pr
operamountofent
rai
nedai
rinconcr
eter
esul
tsi
n
i
)bet
terwor
kabi
l
ity
i
i
)bet
terr
esi
stancet
ofr
eezi
ngandt
hawi
ng
i
i
i)l
esserwor
kabi
l
ity
i
v)l
essr
esi
stancet
ofr
eezi
ngandt
hawi
ngThecor
rectansweri
s
a)(
i)and(
ii
)
b)(
i)
and(
iv)
c)(
ii
)and(
ii
i)
d)(
ii
i)and(
iv)
Ans:
a
83.Themostcommonadmi
xtur
ewhi
chi
susedt
oaccel
erat
ethei
nit
ial
setofconcr
etei
s
a)gy
psum
b)cal
cium chl
ori
de
c)cal
cium car
bonat
e
d)noneoft
heabov
e
Ans:
b
84.Themaximum quant
it
yofcal
cium chl
ori
deusedasanaccel
erat
ori
ncementi
nper
cent
age
byweightofcementi
s
a)1
b)2
c)3
d)4
Ans:
b
85.Thebasi
cpur
poseofar
etar
deri
nconcr
etei
s
a)t
oincr
easet
hei
nit
ial
set
ti
ngt
imeofcementpast
einconcr
ete
b)t
odecr
easet
hei
nit
ial
set
ti
ngt
imeofcementpast
einconcr
ete
c)t
orendert
heconcr
etemor
ewat
ert
ight
d)t
oimpr
ovet
hewor
kabi
l
ityofconcr
etemi
x
Ans:
a
86.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngcement
scont
ainsmaxi
mum per
cent
ageofdi
cal
cium si
l
icat
e?
a)or
dinar
yPor
tl
andcement
b)l
owheatcement
c)r
api
dhar
deni
ngcement
d)sul
phat
eresi
sti
ngcement
Ans:
b
87.Themostcommonl
yusedr
etar
deri
ncementi
s
a)gy
psum
b)cal
cium chl
ori
de
c)cal
cium car
bonat
e
d)noneoft
heabov
e
Ans:
a
88.Thr
eebasi
crawmat
eri
alswhi
char
eneededi
nlar
gequant
it
iesf
orpr
oduct
ionofst
eel
are
a)i
ronor
e,coal
andsul
phur
b)i
ronor
e,car
bonandsul
phur
c)i
ronor
e,coal
andl
i
mest
one
d)i
ronor
e,car
bonandl
i
mest
one
Ans:
c
89.Compar
edt
omi
l
dst
eel
,casti
ronhas
i
)hi
ghcompr
essi
vest
rengt
h
i
i
)hi
ght
ensi
l
est
rengt
h
i
i
i)l
owcompr
essi
vest
rengt
h
i
v)l
owt
ensi
l
est
rengt
h
Thecor
rectansweri
s
a)(
i)and(
ii
)
b)(
ii
)and(
ii
i)
c)(
ii
i)and(
iv)
d)(
i)
and(
iv)
Ans:
d
90.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
nggr
adi
ent
sexer
tsmaxi
mum i
nfl
uenceonpr
oper
ti
esofst
eel
?
a)i
ron
b)car
bon
c)manganese
d)sul
phur
Ans:
b
91.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sthepur
estf
orm ofi
ron?
a)casti
ron
b)wr
oughti
ron
c)mi
l
dst
eel
d)hi
ghcar
bonst
eel
Ans:
b
92.Theul
ti
mat
etensi
l
est
rengt
hofst
ruct
ural
mil
dst
eel
isabout
a)160N/
mm2
b)260N/
mm2
c)420N/
mm2
d)520N/
mm2
Ans:
c
93.Per
cent
ageofcar
boncont
enti
nmi
l
dst
eel
is
a)l
esst
han0.
25
b)bet
ween0.
25and0.
7
c)bet
ween0.
7and1.
5
d)gr
eat
ert
han1.
5
Ans:
a
94.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
ressesi
susedf
ori
dent
if
yingt
hequal
i
tyofst
ruct
ural
steel
?
a)ul
ti
mat
est
ress
b)y
iel
dst
ress
c)pr
oofst
ress
d)noneoft
heabov
e
Ans:
b
95.Therat
iooft
het
hicknessofwebt
othatoff
langeofst
eel
rol
l
edst
ruct
ural
beamsand
channel
sis
a)l
esst
han1
b)equal
to1
c)gr
eat
ert
han1
d)l
esst
han1i
nbeamsbutgr
eat
ert
han1i
nchannel
s
Ans:
a
96.Pai
ntswi
thwhi
tel
eadbasear
esui
tabl
eforpai
nti
ngof
a)woodwor
k
b)i
ronwor
k
c)bot
hwoodwor
kandi
ronwor
k
d)noneoft
heabov
e
Ans:
a
97.Asser
ti
onA:
Pai
ntswi
thwhi
tel
eadbasear
enotr
ecommendedf
orpai
nti
ngofi
ronwor
ks.
ReasonR:
Pai
ntswi
thwhi
tel
eadbasedonotcheckr
ust
ingofi
ron.
Sel
ecty
ouransweraccor
dingt
othecodi
ngsy
stem gi
venbel
ow:
a)Bot
hAandRar
etr
ueand,
Rist
hecor
rectexpl
anat
ionofA.
b)Bot
hAandRar
etr
uebutRi
snott
hecor
rectexpl
anat
ionofA
c)Ai
str
uebutRi
sfal
se
d)Ai
sfal
sebutRi
str
ue
Ans:
a
98.Theamountofwat
erusedf
oronekgofdi
stemperi
s
a)0.
2li
ter
b)0.
4li
ter
c)0.
6li
ter
d)0.
8li
ter
Ans:
c
99.Thev
ehi
cleusedi
ncaseofenamel
pai
ntsi
susual
l
y
a)l
i
nseedoi
l
b)wat
er
c)v
arni
sh
d)noneoft
heabov
e
Ans:
c
100.Asser
ti
onA:
Nor
mal
l
ytur
pent
ineoi
li
srecommendedast
hinnerf
ori
ndoorpai
nti
ng.
ReasonR:
Tur
pent
ineoi
li
scost
li
ert
hanot
hert
hinner
s.
Sel
ecty
ouransweraccor
dingt
othecodi
ngsy
stem gi
venbel
ow:
a)Bot
hAandRar
etr
ueandRi
sthecor
rectexpl
anat
ionofA.
b)Bot
hAandRar
etr
uebutRi
snott
hecor
rectexpl
anat
ionofA.
c)Ai
str
uebutRi
sfal
se.
d)Ai
sfal
sebutRi
str
ue.
Ans:
b
101.Inbr
ickmasonr
ythebondpr
oducedbyl
ayi
ngal
ter
nat
eheader
sandst
ret
cher
sineach
coursei
sknownas
a)Engl
i
shbond
b)doubl
efl
emi
shbond
c)zi
gzagbond
d)si
ngl
efl
emi
shbond
Ans:
b
102.Thest
ret
cherbondi
nbr
ickmasonr
ycanbeusedonl
ywhent
het
hicknessofwal
li
s
a)90mm
b)180mm
c)190mm
d)280mm
Ans:
a
103.Thepr
essur
eact
ingont
hest
onesi
nst
onemasonr
yconst
ruct
ionshoul
dbe
a)al
ongt
hedi
rect
ionofbeddi
ngpl
anes
b)at45°t
othedi
rect
ionofbeddi
ngpl
anes
c)at60°t
othedi
rect
ionofbeddi
ngpl
anes
d)per
pendi
cul
art
othedi
rect
ionofbeddi
ngpl
anes
Ans:
d
104.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngshoul
dbeusedf
orhear
ti
ngoft
hickerwal
l
s?
a)header
s
b)st
ret
cher
s
c)br
ickbat
s
d)queencl
oser
Ans:
a
105.Aqueencl
oseri
sa
a)br
ickl
aidwi
thi
tsl
engt
hpar
all
elt
othef
aceordi
rect
ionofwal
l
b)br
ickl
aidwi
thi
tsbr
eadt
hpar
all
elt
othef
aceordi
rect
ionofwal
l
c)br
ickhav
ingt
hesamel
engt
handdept
hast
heot
herbr
icksbuthal
fthebr
eadt
h
d)br
ickwi
thhal
fthewi
dthatoneendandf
ull
widt
hatt
heot
her
Ans:
c
106.Mi
nimum t
hicknessofwal
lwher
esi
ngl
efl
emi
shbondcanbeusedi
s
a)hal
fbr
ickt
hick
b)onebr
ickt
hick
c)oneandahal
fbr
ickst
hick
d)t
wobr
ickst
hick
Ans:
c
107.Themosti
mpor
tantt
ool
inbr
ickl
ayi
ngf
orl
i
fti
ngandspr
eadi
ngmor
tarandf
orf
ormi
ng
j
oint
sis
a)t
rowel
b)squar
e
c)bol
ster
d)scut
ch
Ans:
a
108.Expansi
onJoi
ntsi
nmasonr
ywal
l
sar
epr
ovi
dedi
nwal
ll
engt
hsusat
ert
han
a)10m
b)20m
c)30m
d)40m
Ans:
d
109.Thet
ypeofbondpr
ovi
dedi
nbr
ickmasonr
yforcar
ryi
ngheav
yloadsi
s
a)si
ngl
efl
emi
shbond
b)doubl
efl
emi
shbond
c)Engl
i
shbond
d)z
igz
agbond
Ans:
c
110.Amor
tarj
ointi
nmasonr
ywhi
chi
snor
mal
tot
hef
aceofwal
li
sknownas
a)bedj
oint
b)wal
lj
oint
c)cr
ossj
oint
d)bondedj
oint
Ans:
c
111.Thesl
ender
nessr
ati
oformasonr
ywal
l
sshoul
dnotbemor
ethan
a)10
by20
c)30
d)40
Ans:
b
112.Thepr
opor
ti
onsofl
i
meandsandi
nthemor
tarnor
mal
l
yusedi
nbr
ickconst
ruct
ionar
e
a)1:
2
b)1:
4
c)1:
6
d)1:
8
Ans:
a
113.Numberofv
ert
ical
joint
sinast
ret
chercour
sei
sxt
imest
henumberofj
oint
sint
heheader
course,
wher
exisequalto
a)1/
2
b)1
c)2
d)1/
4
Ans:
a
114.Ascompar
edt
ost
ret
chercour
se,
thet
hicknessofj
oint
sinheadercour
seshoul
dbe
a)l
ess
b)mor
e
c)equal
d)equal
ormor
e
Ans:
a
115.Ascompar
edt
oEngl
i
shbond,
doubl
efl
emi
shbondi
s
a)st
ronger
b)mor
ecompact
c)cost
ly
d)noneoft
heabov
e
Ans:
b
116.Si
ngl
efl
emi
shbondconsi
stsof
a)doubl
efl
emi
shbondf
aci
ngandEng-
li
shbondbacki
ngi
neachcour
se
b)Engl
i
shbondf
aci
nganddoubl
efl
emi
shbondbacki
ngi
neachcour
se
c)st
ret
cherbondf
aci
nganddoubl
efl
emi
shbondbacki
ngi
neachcour
se
d)doubl
efl
emi
shbondf
aci
ngandheaderbondbacki
ngi
neachcour
se
Ans:
a
117.Thedi
ff
erent
ial
set
tl
ementi
ncaseoff
oundat
ionsonsandvsoi
l
sshoul
dnotexceed
a)25mm
b)40mm
c)65mm
d)100mm
Ans:
a
118.I
ncaseoffoundat
ionsonbl
ackcot
tonsoi
l
s,t
hemostsui
tabl
emet
hodt
oincr
easet
he
beari
ngcapaci
tyofsoi
l
sisto
a)i
ncr
easet
hedept
hoff
oundat
ion
b)dr
aint
hesoi
l
c)compactt
hesoi
l
d)r
epl
acet
hepoorsoi
l
Ans:
d
119.Thet
ypeoff
oot
ingwhi
chi
susedt
otr
ansmi
theav
yloadst
hroughst
eel
col
umnsi
s
a)r
aftf
oundat
ion
b)gr
il
lagef
oundat
ion
c)wel
lfoundat
ion
d)i
sol
atedf
oot
ing
Ans:
b
120.Themaxi
mum t
otal
set
tl
ementf
ori
sol
atedf
oundat
ionsoncl
ayeysoi
l
sshoul
dbel
i
mit
edt
o
a)25mm
b)40mm
c)65mm
d)100mm
Ans:
c
121.Thet
ypeofpi
l
ewhi
chi
sdr
ivenatani
ncl
i
nat
iont
oresi
sti
ncl
i
nedf
orcesi
sknownas
a)f
ri
cti
onpi
l
e
b)sheetpi
l
e
c)bat
terpi
l
e
d)anchorpi
l
e
Ans:
c
122.Themi
nimum dept
hoff
oundat
ioni
ncl
ayeysoi
l
sis
a)0.
5m
b)0.
7m
c)0.
9m
d)1.
2m
Ans:
c
123.Themaxi
mum t
otal
set
tl
ementf
orr
aftf
oundat
iononcl
ayeysoi
l
sshoul
dbel
i
mit
edt
o
a)25mm
b)25t
o40mm
c)40t
o65mm
d)65t
o100mm
Ans:
d
124.Thebear
ingcapaci
tyofawat
erl
oggedsoi
lcanbei
mpr
ovedby
a)compact
ingt
hesoi
l
b)dr
aini
ngt
hesoi
l
c)i
ncr
easi
ngt
hedept
hoff
oundat
ion
d)gr
out
ing
Ans:
b
125.Thet
ypeoff
loori
ngsui
tabl
eforusei
nchur
ches,
theat
res,
publ
i
cli
brar
iesandot
herpl
aces
wherenoi
sel
essf
loorcov
eri
ngisdesi
redi
s
a)cor
kfl
oor
ing
b)gl
assf
loor
ing
c)woodenf
loor
ing
d)l
i
nol
eum f
loor
ing
Ans:
a
126.Thever
ti
cal
dist
ancebet
weent
hespr
ingi
ngl
i
neandhi
ghestpoi
ntoft
hei
nner
cur
veofan
archi
sknownas
a)i
ntr
ados
b)r
ise
c)spandr
il
d)ext
rados
Ans:
b
127.Dept
horhei
ghtoft
hear
chi
sthe
a)per
pendi
cul
ardi
stancebet
weeni
ntr
a-dosandext
rados
b)v
ert
ical
dist
ancebet
weenspr
ingi
ngl
i
neandi
ntr
ados
c)per
pendi
cul
ardi
stancebet
weenspr
ingi
ngl
i
neandext
rados
d)noneoft
heabov
e
Ans:
a
128.Thetr
iangul
arspacefor
medbet
weent
heext
radosandt
hehor
izont
all
i
nedr
awnt
hrough
thecrownofanarchisknownas
a)haunch
b)spandr
il
c)v
oussoi
rs
d)skewbacks
Ans:
b
129.Thel
i
ntel
sar
epr
efer
redt
oar
chesbecause
a)ar
chesr
equi
remor
eheadr
oom t
ospant
heopeni
ngsl
i
kedoor
s,wi
ndowset
c.
b)ar
chesr
equi
rest
rongabut
ment
stowi
thst
andar
cht
hrust
c)ar
chesar
edi
ff
icul
tinconst
ruct
ion
d)al
loft
heabov
e
Ans:
d
130.I
ntheconst
ruct
ionofar
ches,
sandboxmet
hodi
susedf
or
a)cent
ri
ng
b)act
ual
lay
ingofar
chwor
k
c)st
ri
ki
ngofcent
ri
ng
d)noneoft
heabov
e
Ans:
c
131.Thetypeofarchgener
all
yconst
ructedoverawoodenl
i
ntel
orov
eraf
latar
chf
ort
he
purposeofcar
ryi
ngtheloadofthewallabov
eis
a)segment
alar
ch
b)poi
ntedar
ch
c)r
eli
evi
ngar
ch
d)f
latar
ch
Ans:
c
132.Thet
ypeofj
ointcommonl
yusedatt
hej
unct
ionofapr
inci
pal
raf
terandt
iebeam i
nti
mber
tr
ussessi
s
a)mor
ti
seandt
ennonj
oint
b)obl
i
quemor
ti
seandt
ennonj
oint
c)but
tjoi
nt
d)mi
tr
edj
oint
Ans:
b
133.Thet
ypeofr
oofsui
tabl
einpl
ainswher
erai
nfal
li
smeagr
eandt
emper
atur
eishi
ghi
s
a)pi
tchedandsl
opi
ngr
oof
b)f
latr
oof
c)shel
lroof
d)noneoft
heabov
e
Ans:
b
134.Pi
tchedandsl
opi
ngr
oof
sar
esui
tabl
efor
a)coast
alr
egi
ons
b)pl
ainr
egi
ons
c)cov
eri
ngl
argear
eas
d)al
loft
heabov
e
Ans:
a
135.Thet
ypeofr
oofwhi
chsl
opesi
ntwodi
rect
ionswi
thabr
eaki
nthesl
opeoneachsi
dei
s
knownas
a)gabl
eroof
b)hi
proof
c)gambr
elr
oof
d)mansar
droof
Ans:
c
136.Mansar
droofi
sar
oofwhi
chsl
opesi
n
a)t
wodi
rect
ionswi
thoutbr
eaki
nthesl
opeoneachsi
de
b)t
wodi
rect
ionswi
thbr
eaki
nthesl
opeoneachsi
de
c)f
ourdi
rect
ionswi
thoutbr
eaki
nthesl
opeoneachsi
de
d)f
ourdi
rect
ionswi
thbr
eaki
nthesl
opeoneachsi
de
Ans:
d
137.Thehor
izont
alt
imberpi
ecepr
ovi
dedatt
heapexofar
ooft
russwhi
chsuppor
tst
he
commonr
aft
eri
scal
l
ed
a)r
idgeboar
d
b)hi
praf
ter
c)eav
esboar
d
d)v
all
eyr
aft
er
Ans:
a
138.Theloweredgeoft
hepi
tchedr
oof
,fr
om wher
ether
ainwat
eroft
her
oofsur
facedr
ops
down,isknownas
a)hi
p
b)gabl
e
c)r
idge
d)eav
es
Ans:
d
139.Hi
gherpi
tchoft
her
oof
i
)resul
tsi
nst
rongerr
oof
i
i
)resul
tsi
nweakerr
oof
i
i
i)r
equi
resmor
ecov
eri
ngmat
eri
al
i
v)r
equi
resl
esscov
eri
ngmat
eri
al
Thecor
rectansweri
s
a)(
i)and(
ii
i)
b)(
i)and(
iv)
c)(
ii
)and(
ii
i)
d)(
ii
)and(
iv)
Ans:
a
140.Coupl
ecl
oser
oofi
ssui
tabl
eformaxi
mum spanof
a)2.
5m
b)3.
5m
c)4.
5m
d)5.
5m
Ans:
c
141.I
nacol
arbeam r
oof
a)t
her
eisnohor
izont
alt
iebeam
b)t
her
eisahor
izont
alt
ieatt
hef
eetofr
aft
ersonl
y
c)t
her
eisahor
izont
alt
ieatal
mostt
hemi
ddl
eofr
aft
ersonl
y
d)t
her
ear
etwohor
izont
alt
ies,
oneatt
hef
eetandot
heratt
hemi
ddl
eoft
her
aft
ers
Ans:
c
142.Thef
unct
ionofki
ngposti
naki
ngpostr
ooft
russi
s
a)t
osuppor
tthef
ramewor
koft
her
oof
b)t
orecei
vet
heendsofpr
inci
pal
raf
ter
c)t
opr
eventt
hewal
l
sfr
om spr
eadi
ngout
war
d
d)t
opr
eventt
het
iebeam f
rom saggi
ngati
tscent
re
Ans:
d
143.Thef
unct
ionofcl
eat
sinar
ooft
russi
s
a)t
osuppor
tthecommonr
aft
er
b)t
osuppor
tpur
li
ns
c)t
opr
eventt
hepur
li
nsf
rom t
il
ti
ng
d)al
loft
heabov
e
Ans:
c
144.Thet
erm st
ri
ngi
susedf
or
a)t
heunder
sideofast
air
b)out
erpr
oject
ingedgeofat
read
c)asl
opi
ngmemberwhi
chsuppor
tst
hest
epsi
nast
air
d)av
ert
ical
memberbet
weent
wot
reads
Ans:
c
145.Thev
ert
ical
post
spl
acedatt
het
opandbot
tom endsofaf
li
ghtsuppor
ti
ngt
hehandr
ail
are
knownas
a)bal
ust
ers
b)newal
post
s
c)bal
ust
rades
d)r
ail
i
ngs
Ans:
b
146.Themaxi
mum numberofst
epsi
naf
li
ghtshoul
dgener
all
yber
est
ri
ctedt
o
a)10
b)12
c)15
d)nol
i
mit
Ans:
b
147.Thenumberofst
epsi
naf
li
ghtgener
all
yshoul
dnotbel
esst
han
a)2
b)3
c)5
d)nol
i
mit
Ans:
b
148.Sum oft
readandr
isemustl
i
ebet
ween
a)300t
o350mm
b)400t
o450mm
c)500t
o550mm
d)600t
o650mm
Ans:
b
149.Mi
nimum wi
dthofl
andi
ngshoul
dbe
a)equal
towi
dthofst
air
s
b)hal
fthewi
dthofst
air
s
c)t
wicet
hewi
dthofst
air
s
d)onef
our
tht
hewi
dthofst
air
s
Ans:
a
150.I
nanygoodst
air
case,
themaxi
mum andmi
nimum pi
tchr
espect
ivel
yshoul
dbe
a)90°and0°
b)75°and30°
c)60°and10°
d)40°and25°
Ans:
d
BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION
&
MATERIALS
By
1. Stones 10 1
2. Bricks 10 16
3. Cement 10 43
4. Sand 10 54
5. Mortar 09 60
6. Concrete 10 70
7. Timber 09 80
8. Miscellaneous Building
Materials 20 95
9. Types of Buildings 05 120
10. Foundations 15 132
11. Masonry 05 156
12. Floors 07 194
13. Roofs 10 208
14. Damp proof & Fire proof
Construction 07 233
MODEL PAPER
REFERENCE BOOKS
INDEX
INDEX
B D
Damp proofing
Bearing power of soil
Dead load
Black cotton soil
Doors and windows
Bonds in brickwork
Double roofs
Brick masonry Drainage of pitched and flat
Brick Partitions roofs
Built-up sections Dressing of stone surfaces
Bulking of sand
Buttresses
E
Earth rammers
Effects of dampness
C
External finishes
Causes of dampness
Cavity walls
Cement concrete F
construction
Fire protection in buildings
Cement concrete piles
Fire protection systems
Composite floors
Floors and floorings
Composite masonry
Footings
Concrete mixers
Formwork
Foundations for machines Methods of sound
Framed structures insulation
Methods of timbering
G
Grading of aggregates O
Grillage foundations Objects of foundations
Group of piles Ornamental brickwork
Guniting
P
I Partitions
Increasing the bearing Piers
power of soil Pile foundations
Pile hammers
J Pitched roofs
Joints in stone masonry Plastering
Junctions Pointed arch
Pointing
K Pre-cast concrete
King-post truss Proportioning concrete
Purlin roofs
L
Lightweight concrete Q
Live load Quality control of concrete
Load bearing piles Queen-post truss
R
M Raft foundations
Method of dropping a Reinforced brickwork
weight Retaining walls
Methods of damp-proofing
Roof coverings for pitched U
roofs
Uses of piles
Roofs
Rooter
V
Round bars
Ventilation
Rubble masonry
Ventilators in pitched roofs
S Vibrators
Sand piles
W
Scaffolding
Wall paper
Screw piles
Water-cement ratio
Shoring
Water proofing of flat roofs
Single roofs
Wedges
Stairs
Wells
Stone masonry
Window sills
Structures in brickwork
Workability
T
Z
Timber floors
Zig-zag Bond
Timber piles
Timber sheet piles
Tools used in brick
masonry
Tools used in stone
masonry
Trussed roofs
Types of floorings
Stones Page 1
CHAPTER-1
STONES
1.0 Introduction:
I. Geological Classification:
1.4.1 Granite
1. Igneous rock
1.4.2 Balast
1. Igneous rock
2. It is compact, hard and heavy
3.Available in red, yellow grey, blue and greenish black
colour
4. Specific gravity is 3 and compressive strength varies 1530
to 1890 kg/cm2.
5. Used for ornamental, rail road ballast, aggregates for
concrete etc.
1.4.5 Marble
1. Metamorphic rock
2. Available in white, blue, green, yellow black and red colour
3. High compactness,
4. Suitable for decorative works, wall lining columns, pile,
table slabs, hearths, tiled floors, steps of stair case etc.
1.4.6 Slate:
1. Metamorphic rock
1. Non absorbent, compact fine grained and produce metallic
ringing sound when struck
2. Available in black, dark blue, grey, reddish brown etc.
3. Used for providing damp proof course, paving dados etc
durable, and free from clay, loam, vegetables and other such
foreign matters. The presence of clay or dirt coating prevents
the adhesion of cement on the surface of aggregates and
ultimately retards the setting and hardening of cement and
reduces the strength, durability and soundness of concrete.
Grading of Aggregates:
V2
* * *
Stones Page 13
SYNOPYSIS
h. Specific gravity
i. Texture
j. Water absorption
k. Seasoning
l. Toughness index
6. The stones are used for
a. Structural work
b. Face work
c. Paving work
d. Basic materials
e. Other purposes like ballast for railways; flux in blast
furnace etc
7. The artificial stones are cast stones or reconstructed stones
Ex. 1. Cement concrete
2. Mosaic tiles
3. Terrazo
8. The artificial stones are used for to convey pipes, electric
wires, fixing various fittings, cast to any shape, stones for
lintels or beams etc.
9. Depending upon their size, the aggregates are classified
a. Fine aggregates
b. Coarse aggregates
10. The grading of aggregates are done by
a. By trail
b. By fineness modulus method
c. By minimum voids method
d. By arbitrary method
Stones Page 15
* * *
Page 16 Building Materials & Construction
CHAPTER-2
BRICKS
Manufacture of bricks:
1. Preparation of clay
2. Moulding
3. Drying
4. Burning
Process:- Clay with water is placed in pug mill from the top. When the
vertical staff is rotated by using electric pair, steam or diesel or turned by
pair of bullocks. Clay is thoroughly mixed up by the actions of
horizontal arms and knives when clay has been sufficiently pugged, hole
Page 20 Building Materials & Construction
at the bottom of tub, is opened cut and the pugged earth is taken out from
ramp for the next operation of moulding.
Moulding: Clay, which is prepared form pug mill, is sent for the next
operation of moulding. Following are the two ways of moulding.
(a) Ground moulded bricks: ground is first made level and fine sand is
sprinkled over it. Mould is dipped in water and placed over the
ground to fill the clay. Extra clay is removed by wooden or metal
strike after the mould is filled forced mould is then lifted up and raw
Bricks Page 21
brick is left on the ground. Mould is then dipped in water every time
lower faces of ground moulded bricks are rough and it is not possible
to place frog on such bricks.
(2) Drying: The damp bricks, if burnt, are likely to be cracked and
distored. Hence moulded bricks are dried before thay are taken for
the next operation of burning. Bricks are laid along and across the
stock in alternate layers. The drying of brick is by the following
means
bricks on small scale. Kilns are permanent structures and they are
adopted to manufacture bricks on a large scale. A typical clamp is as
shown in fig 2.3
(2) A brick wall with mud is constructed on the short end and a layer of
70cm to 80cm thick fuel (grass, cow dung, ground nuts, wood or
coal) laid on the floor.
Page 24 Building Materials & Construction
(4) A second layer of fuel is then placed, and over it another layer of raw
bricks is putap. The total height of clamp in alternate layers of brick
is about 3 to 4 m
(6) The period of burning is about one to two months and allow the same
time for coding
Advantages:
(i) The bricks produced are tough and strong because burning and
cooling are gradual
Disadvantages:
1) Intermittent kilns
2) Continuous kilns
(i) Raw bricks are laid in row of thickness equal to 2 to 3 bricks and
height 6 to 8 bricks with 2 bricks spacing between rows
(ii) Fuels are filled with brush wood which takes up a free easily
(iii) Loading of kiln with raw bricks with top course is finished with
flat bricks and other courses are formed by placing bricks on
edges
(iv) Each door is built up with dry bricks and are covered with mud or
clay
(v) The kiln is then fired for a period of 48 to 60 hours draught rises
in the upward direction from bottom of kiln and brings about the
burning of bricks.
Bricks Page 27
(vi) Kiln is allowed to cool down and bricks are then token out
Advantages:
2. Continuous kilns:
b) Hoffman’s kiln
c) Tunnel kiln
The bricks are arranged in such a way that flues are formed. Fuel
is placed in flues and it is ignited through flue holes after covering top
surface with earth and ashes to prevent the escape of heat usually two
movable iron chimneys are employed to form draught. These chimneys
are placed in advance of section being fired. Hence, hot gases leaving the
chimney warm up the bricks in next section. Each section requires about
one day to burn. The tentative arrangement for different sections may be
as follows
Section 1 – loading
Section 2 – empty
Section 3 – unloading
Section 4 – cooling
Section 5 – Burning
Section 6 – Heating
Chamber 1 - loading
Chambers 8 to 11 - cooling
Chamber 12 – unloading
The initial cost in stalling this kiln is high, the following advantages
holes
c) Tunnel kiln: This type of kiln is in the form of tunnel, which may be
straight, circular or oval in the plan. Raw bricks are placed in trolleys
which are then moved from one end too the other end of tunnel. Raw
bricks get dried and pre-heated as they approach zone of fire. In zone of
fire, bricks are burnt to the required deque and they are then pushed
forward for cooling. When bricks are sufficiently cooled, they are
2.2 Classification:
(i) Un burnt or Sun dried bricks- UN burn or sun dried with the
help of heat received from sun after the process of moulding.
These bricks can only be used in the constructions of temporary
and cheap structures. Such bricks should not be used at places
exposed to heavy rains.
(ii) Burnt Bricks: The bricks used in construction works are burnt
bricks and they are classified into the following four categories.
(iii) Bricks should give clear ringing sound when struck each
other.
(viii) Bricks should not break when dropped flat on hard ground
from a height of about one meter.
(ix) Bricks, when soaked in water for 24hours, should not show
deposits of white salts when allowed to dry in shade.
2.4 Special Types: Bricks are made in a wide range of shapes and to
suit the requirements of the location where they are to be used.
Special form of bricks may be needed due to structural
consideration or for ornamental decoration as defined by the
architect. Specially moulded bricks avoid the cumbersome
process of cutting and rounding the rectangular bricks to the
desired shape. Some of the special types of bricks commonly
used are given below.
d. Hallow Bricks: These bricks are made of clay and are provided
with one or more cavities. Hallow bricks are light in weight and
are used to increase insulation against heat and dampness. They
are used for the construction of load bearing walls, partition walls
or panel walls to multistoried buildings.
h. Paving Bricks: These bricks are specially made for paving the
surface of streets and highways. These bricks are usually made
from shale, fire clay on a mixture of the two. They are unaffected
by weather and ordinary traffic wear. They are loaded on the bed
of sand which in term rests on foundation of stone or concrete.
The bricks are laid by grouting with cement mortar or asphalt.
They are machine moulded and are burnt in a continuous kiln to
ensure high degree of vitrification.
ii. Absorption
iv. Hardness
vii. Soundness
viii. Structure
4) Presence of soluble salts: The bricks should not show any grey
or white deposits after immerted in water for 24 hours
5) Shape and size: It should be standard size and shape with sharp
edges
d. Bricks with compressive strength not less than the average value
35kg/cm2 – class III bricks – Grade C.
* * *
Page 40 Building Materials & Construction
SYNOPYSIS
a. Squint bricks
b. Bult nosed bricks
c. Perforated bricks
d. Hallow bricks
e. Circular bricks
f. Coping bricks
g. Paving bricks
6. As per IS1077-1957 & 1970
CHAPTER -3
CEMENT
Functions of Ingradients:
1. Lime: Lime is the important ingredient of cement and its proportion is
to be maintained carefully. Lime in excess makes the cement unsound
and causes the cement to expand and disintegrate. On the other hand, if
lime is in deficiency the strength of the cement is decreased and it causes
cement to set quickly
7. Alkalies: Most of the alkalies present in raw material are carried away
by the flue gases during heating and only small quantity will be left. If
they are in excess in cement, efflorescence is caused.
Disadvantages:
1. It is costly
2. It cannot be used in mass construction as it evolves great heat and as
it sets soon.
3. Extreme care is to taken to see that it does not come in contact with
even traces of lime or ordinary cement.
Disadvantages:
1. Compressive strength in early days is less.
2. It possesses less resistance to erosion and weathering action.
* * *
Cement Page 51
SYNOPYSIS
cable etc
* * *
Cement Page 53
* * *
Page 54 Building Materials & Construction
CHAPTER -4
SAND
b. Rive Sand: This sand is obtained from beds of rivers. River sand
consists of fine rounded grains. Colour of river sand is almost
white. As the river sand is usually available in clean condition, it
is widely used for all purposes.
c. Sea Sand: This sand is obtained from sea shores. Sea sand
consists of rounded grains in light brown colour. Sea sand
consists of salts which attract the moisture from the atmosphere
and causes dampness, efflorescence and disintegration of work.
Due to all such reasons, sea sand is not recommendable for
Sand Page 55
VI. The height of sand is measured say 16cm, then bulking of sand =
20 – 16 4
= -------------- = ------ or 25%
16 16
* * *
Page 58 Building Materials & Construction
SYNOPYSIS
1. What are the main types of sand according to the natural source?
2. What is meant by bulking of sand?
3. What are the important characteristics of sand?
* * *
Page 60 Building Materials & Construction
CHAPTER 5
MORTAR
Uses:
1. To bind the building units such as bricks, stones etc.
2. To carry out painting and plaster works on exposed surfaces
of masonry
3. To form an even bedding layer for building units
Page 62 Building Materials & Construction
d. Gypsum mortar:
SYNOPYSIS
1.Define mortar.
mortar?
* * *
Page 70 Building Materials & Construction
CHAPTER-6
CONCRETE
3. It hardens with age and continues for a long time after concrete
has attained sufficient strength
Function of Water
Uses of Concrete:
1:2:2 - For heavy loaded R.C.C columns and R.C.C arches of long
spans
1:2:2 - For small pre cast members of concrete like fencing poles,
telegraph poles etc. watertight construction.
1:4:8 /
1. Continuous mixers
2. Batch mixers
Purposes:
* * *
Page 78 Building Materials & Construction
SYNOPYSIS
* * *
Page 80 Building Materials & Construction
CHAPTER 7
TIMBER
Uses of timber:
(iii) Used for form work for concrete, for the timbering of
trenches, centring for arch work, scaffolding, transmission
poles and fencing
1. Macro structure
2. Micro structure
(iii) Dry rot: Convert the wood into dry powder form
(iv) Heart rot: This is formed when branch has come out of a
tree and the tree becomes weak and gives out hallow
sound when struck with a hammer
(v) Sap stain: The sap wood looses its colour because of feed
on cell contents of sap wood.
(vii) White rot: Attack lignin of wood and wood assumes the
appearance of white mass
Timber Page 85
(i) Beetles: Small insects form holes of size about 2mm diameter
and attack sap wood of all spacies of hard woods. Tunnels are
formed in all directions in sapwood by the larvae of these beetles
and converted into fine flour like powder. They do not disturb
outer cover and looks sound.
(ii) Termites: White ants are very fast in eating away the wood
from the core of the cross section. They make tunnels inside
in different directions and usually donot disturb the outershell
or cover
(ix) Rind galls: Rind means bark and gall indicates abnormal
growth and pecullar curved swellings found on the body
of a tree.
Fig 7.4
(xii) Upsets or ruptures: Indicate wood fibres which are
injured by crushing or compression as shown in fig 7.5.
Fig 7.5
7.3 Wood based products:
(c) Fibre boards: These are rigid boards and they are
also known as pressed wood or reconstructed wood.
The thickness varies from 3mm to 12mm. These are
available in lengths from 3 to 4.5m and width varying
from 12 to 18m. These are used for
SYNOPYSIS
ii) Plywood
iii) Fibre boards
iv) Impreg timbers
v) Compreg timbers
6. A good timber should have
i) Shinning appearance
ii) Dark colour
iii) Free from defects
iv) Durable to action of fungi, insects, chemicals etc
v) Fire resistance
vi) Should hard
vii) Mechanical wear
viii) Sweet smell
ix) Should give char ringing sound
x) Structure should be uniform
xi) Should have low water permeability
* * *
Page 94 Building Materials & Construction
* * *
Mislaneous Buildings Materials Page 95
CHAPTER 8
(5) Sulphur makes cast iron brittle and hard and should be kept
below 0.10 percent.
Properties of casi-iron:
(5) It is fusible.
(1) For making cisterns, water pipes, gas pipes and sewers, manhole
covers and sanitary fittings.
(3) For making parts of machinery which are not subjected to shock
loads.
a. Refining
b. Pudding
c. Shinging
d. Rolling
4) It is moderately elastic
1) Bessemen process
2) Cementation process
4) Duplex process
5) Electric process
6) L.D. Process
7) Open-hearth process
Uses of steel:
1. Mild steel 0.10% Motar body, sheet metal, tin
carbon plates etc
2. Medium carbon steel 0.25% Boiler plates, structural steel,
0.45% rails, tyres etc
0.60% Hammers, large stampaing
dies etc
3. High carbon steel 0.75% Sledge hammers, springs,
stamping dies etc
Uses:-
1. The market forms of copper are ingots, sheets, tubes and wires.
2. It is extensively used for making electric cables, alloys,
household utensils, electroplating, lighting conductors, dowels in
stone masonry, etc.
8.2. Plastics:
Plastic is one the recent engineering materials, which has
appeared in the market all over the world. Plastic is an organic substance
and it consists of natural or synthetic binder or resins with or without
moulding compounds. Plastics are the compounds of carbon with other
elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen.
Properties:
1. Appearance: Some Plastics are completely transparent in
appearance
2. Chemical resistance: Plastics offer great resistance to moisture,
chemicals and solvents.
Page 108 Building Materials & Construction
3. Dimensional Stability: This property of plastic favours quite
satisfactorily with that of other common engineering materials.
4. Ductility: Plastic lacks ductility. Hence its member may fail
without warning
5. Electrical Insulation: Plastic posses excellent electric insulating
property
6. Durability: Please are quite durable.
7. Finishing: Any surface treatment may be given to plastic. It is
also easy to have technical control during its manufacture.
12. Melting Point: Most of the plastics have low melting point is
about 500C.
18. Weight: Low Specific gravity. The length weight of the plastic
reduces the transport costs and facilitates fixing.
Uses of Plastics:
1. Bath and Sink units
2. Cistern ball floats
3. Corrugated and plain sheets
4. Decorative laminate and mouldings
5. Electrical conducts
6. Electrical insulations
7. Films of water proofing, damp proofing
8. Floor tiles
9. Foams for thermal insulation
10. Jiontless flooring
11. Lighting fixtures
12. Overhead water tanks
13. Paints and varnishes
14. Pipes to carry cold water
15. Roof lights
16. Wall tiles
17. Safety glass
18. Water resistant adhesives etc.
Page 110 Building Materials & Construction
8.3. Adhesives:
Advantages:
1. A wide variety of combination is joining is possible
2. It can be used for bonding the surfaces of glass, metal, plastics
and wood.
3. It creates a massive effect
4. It is possible to prevent corrosion between different metals joined
by adhesive.
5. It produces adequate strength
6. Permeable joint can be made impermeable for water and gas by
the application of adhesives
7. The process of applying adhesives is easy, economical and
speedy.
Disadvantages
1. It is not possible to adopt any adhesive for all substances.
2. The adhesive substances does not become strong immediately
after its application
3. The adhesive substances does not generally remain stable at high
temperatures.
8.4 Asbestos:
Asbestos is naturally occurring fibrous mineral substance.
It is composed of hydrous silicates of calcium and magnesium
Mislaneous Buildings Materials Page 111
Properties:
1. Holes can be drilled and screws can be fitted on its surface.
2. It can be cut into pieces
3. It is an excellent insulator of heat and electricity.
4. It is fire proof and acid proof
5. It is flexible soft and Non-proof
6. It is smooth like glass and silk
7. It prossesses a good adsorption capacity
8. Its colour is brown, grey or white
9. Its melting point is 1200C to 15500C
10. Its specific gravity is 3.10
11. Its quality is critically affected by the length of fibers
12. Its molecules are strong bound together only in one direction and
that is why it possesses very high tensile strength along the fibers.
Uses:
1. Asbestos cement products have become very popular at present
2. Asbestos felt can be prepared by coating asbestos fibers with
bitumen and it is used as damp proof layer.
3. It is used as covering material for magnetic coils
4. It is used as lining material of fuse box and switch box
5. It is used for insulating boilers, furnaces, etc.
Page 112 Building Materials & Construction
6. It is used for preparing five proof cloths, ropes etc
7. It is used to form asbestos paint.
8.5 Glass:
Glass is a mixture of a number of metallic silicates, one of which
is usually that of an alkali metal. It is a amorphous, transparent or
translucent. It may also be considered as a solidified super cooled
solution of various metallic silicates having infinite viscosity. For the
purpose if classification glass may be graped into the following three
categories.
1. Soda-lime glass. Na2, CaO, 6SiO2
2. Potash-lime glass. K20, CaO, 6SiO2
3. Potash – Lead glass. K20, PbO, 6SiO2
Properties:-
1. It absorbs, refracts or transmits light.
2. It can take up high polish and may be used as substitute for every
costly gems.
3. It has no definite crystalline structure.
4. It has no sharp melting point.
5. It is affected by alkalies
6. It is an excellent electrical insulator
7. It is available in beautiful colours.
8. It behaves more as solid than most solids in the sense that it is
elastic
9. It is capable of being worked in many ways
10. It is extremely brittle.
11. It is not usually affected by air or water
Mislaneous Buildings Materials Page 113
Uses:
1.Soda lime glass: It is used in the manufacture of glass tubes,
laboratory apparatus, plate glass, window glass etc.
2. Potash lime glass: It is used in the manufacuter of glass
articles, which have to with stand high temperatures.
3.Potash – Lead glass: It is used in the manufacture of artificial
gems, electric bulbs, lenses, prisms etc.
4.Comman Glass: It is mainly used in the manufacture of
medicine bottles.
8.7 Lenoleum:
It is a mixture of oxidized unseed oil, pulverized cork,
wood flour, pigments and colours, all spread in a uniform layer
on canvas the surface of which may be painted in different
patterns, the surface is then, afterwards water-proofed with the
help of an oil paint.
It is available in different gauges(i.e thickness 6.7, 6.0,
4.5, 3.2, 2.0 and 1.6mm) and is easily cleaned with soap water. It
is not affected by oil but slightly affected by acids. Linoleum is
made in rolls as well as in tiles. Linoleum is used for floor
coverings of hospitals, canteens, residences, offices and industrial
buildings.
Uses:
1. Rooting, damp proofing felts
2. Fill eracks in masonary structures, for stopping leakages etc
8.10 Thermocole:
It is used for thermal insulation and sound insulation.
* * *
Mislaneous Buildings Materials Page 117
SYNOPYSIS
CHAPTER – 9
TYPES OF BUILDINGS
9.1 Classification:
According National Building code of India, 1970 the
buildings on the basis of occupancy are classified into following
groups
GROUP A: Residential buildings:
All those buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for
residing permanently or temporary with or without looking or
dinning or both facilities are termed as residential building
Ex: Apartments, Flats, Bungalows, Dormitories, private houses,
Hotels, Hostels, Cottages, Hole day camps, clubs, hotels, Inns etc
These buildings are further subdivided into 5 groups
A1 - Lodging Houses
A2 - Family Private Dwellings
A3 - Dormitories
A4 - Flats
A5 - Hotels
GROUP B: Educational buildings:
All those buildings which are meant for education from nursery to
university are included in this group
Ex: schools, colleges, universities, training institutes etc
GROUP C: Institutional Buildings:
This group includes any building or part thereof, which is used for
the purposes such as medical, health, recovering health after illness,
Types of Buildings Page 121
weather elements such as rain, sun, wind, heat, snow etc. A good
roof is just as essential as a safe foundation. The functional
requirements of the roof are as follows.
i) Strength and stability- strong and stable enough to take
up anticipated loads
ii) Weather resistance – resistance to wind, rain, sun,
snow etc
iii) Heat insulation - should provide adequate insulation
against heat
iv) Sound insulation – should provide adequate deque of
insulation against sound from external sources.
v) Fire resistance – Should offer the adequate deque of
fire resistance.
vi) Day lighting – The provides day light in buildings
with large floor area i.e., industrial buildings through
window in the roof.
8.Steps and Stairs: A stair is a structural consists of number of steps
leading from one floor to another. The main functions of stairs are
i. To provide means of communication between the various floors
for everyday use
ii. To escape from upper floors in the case of fire
To perform these functions, the stairs should satisfy the following
requirements indesign and construction.
i) Strength and stability- Strong and stable enough to carry
the anticipated loads.
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ii) Fire resistance- The stairs should be made of the fire
resisting material and they provide safe means of escape
in the event of fire.
iii) Sound Insulation: If it is necessary to insulate the stairs
from the sound either through the proper design and use
of insulating materials or separating stair structure from
the building structure.
iv) Weather resistance- The stairs, if exposed to open air,
should offer sufficient resistance to weather elements
such as rain, heat etc.
v) Comfort and convience: proper design and proper
location of steps in a building offer several advantages
such as comfort and efficiency in vertical movement,
natural light and ventilation; safety in emergency etc.
9.Finishes for walls: The finishes of several types such as pointing,
plastering, painting, types such as pointing, plastering, painting,
distempering, decorative colour washing etc applied on the walls. The
main function of these finishes are
a. Protect structure from the sun, rain, snow etc.
b. Provide a true, even and smooth finished surface and also to
improve the asthetic appearance of the structure.
c. Rectify rather cover, to some extent, the poor or defective
workmanship
d. Cover up the unsound and porous materials used in the
construction
10.Utility Fixtures: These are the built in items of an unmovable nature,
which add considerably to the utility of a building and hence
Types of Buildings Page 129
1.Define substructure.
2.Define superstructure.
4.Define plinth.
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Page 132 Building Materials & Construction
CHAPTER – 10
FOUNDATIONS
Every structure consists of two parts. (1) Foundation and (2) Super
structure. The lowest artificially prepared parts of the structure which are
in direct contact with the ground and which transmit the loads of the
structure to the ground are known as Foundation or Substructure. The
solid ground on which the foundation rest is called the “foundation bed”
or foundation soil and it ultimately bears the load and interacts with the
foundations of buildings.
10.1 Objects of foundations:
Foundations are provided for the following purposes
1) To distribute the total load coming on the structure on large
area.
2) To support the structure
3) To give enough stability to the structures against various
distributing forces such as wind, rain etc.
4) To prepare a level surface for concreting and masonry work.
The general inspection of site of work serves as a good for
determine the type of foundation, to be adopted for the proposed
work and in addition, it helps in getting the data w.r.to the
following items.
i) Behavior of ground due to variations in depth of water
table
ii) Disposal of storm water at site
iii) Nature of soil by visual examination
iv) Movement of ground due to any reason etc.
Foundations Page 133
Note:
1) This method can also be used for confirming the known bearing
power of a soil
5. Continuous footing
6. Cantilever footing
7. Grillage footing
Fig 10.3
2. Isolated Footings: These are used to support individed
columns. They can be of stepped type or have projections in the
concrete base. In case of heavy loaded columns steel
reinforcement is provided in both directions in concrete with
15cm offsets as shown in the fig10.4.
Foundations Page 141
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Foundations Page 153
SYNOPYSIS
1. Foundations is the lowest – artificially prepared parts of structure
which are in direct contact with ground and which transmit the loads
of the structure to the ground
2. The object of providing the foundation is
(i) To distribute the total load coming onto the structure on large
area
(ii) To support the structure
(iii)To give stability to the structure
(iv)To prepare a level surface for concreting and masonry work
3. The bearing capacity of soil is used to indicate maximum load per
unit area which the soil will resist safely without displacement
4. Depending upon their nature and depth, the foundations are
(i) Shallow foundation
(ii) Deep foundation
5. The shallow or open foundation are the following types usually about
5m and above water table
(i) Wall footing
(ii) Isolated footing
(iii) Combined footing
(iv) Inverted footing
(v) Continuous footing
(vi) Cantilever footing
(vii) Grillage footing
6. Deep foundations carry loads from a structure through weak
compressible soils or fills are classified as
(i) Basements
(ii) Buoyancy rafts
(iii) Caissons
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(iv) Shaft foundations
(v) Pile foundations
7. Classification based on the function
(i) Bearing piles
(ii) Friction piles
(iii) Screw piles
(iv) Uplift piles
(v) Batter piles
(vi) Sheet piles
8. Classification based on materials and composition
(i) Cement concrete piles a. Pre-cast b. Cast-in-site
(ii) Timber piles
(iii) Steel piles
(iv) Sand piles
(v) Composite piles
9. A good foundation should have the basic requirements
(i) Location
(ii) Stability
(iii) Settlement
10. The causes for the failure of foundations
(i) Non uniform settlement
(ii) Horizontal movement of the soil
(iii) Alternate swelling and shrinkage
(iv) Lateral pressure due to lateral movement of earth
(v) Action of weathering agencies
(vi) Lateral escape of the soil beneath the foundation of
structure
(vii) Roofs of trees and shrubs
Foundations Page 155
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Page 156 Building Materials & Construction
CHAPTER – 11
MASONRY
Definitions of terms:
10. Quoins: The stones used for the corners of walls of structure
a. Availability
b. Ease of working
c. Appearance
e. Polishing characteristics
f. Economy
g. Durability
Masonry Page 161
The table 11.1 given broadly outlines the different types of stones
bridges, piers
sandstone
steps slate
slate
3. In the brickwork, the bricks should be laid on their beds with the
frogs pointing upwards
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4. The brick courses should be laid truly horizontal and should have
truly vertical joints
8. In order to ensure continuous bond between the old and the new,
the wall should be stopped with a toothed end.
1. The brick masonry should have bricks of uniform shape and size
Masonry Page 175
Stretcher bond: In this type of bond all the bricks are laid with their
lengths in the direction of the wall. This pattern is used only for wall
having thickness of 9cm only as shown in fig 11.14.
and posses greater strength than English bond. In this bond every
(ii) For cross junctions – English bond is used as shown in fig. 11.29
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Page 190 Building Materials & Construction
SYNOPYSIS
CHAPTER – 12
FLOORS
Fig 12.4
d) Framed or triple joist timber floor:
In this type of floors, intermediate supports, known as girders,
are provided for the binders. Thus, this type of floor consists
of girders, binders, bridging joists and floor boards as shown
in fig 12.5. Girders are generally placed at a centre to centre
distance of 3 metres. Binders are staggered and connected to
girders by tusk and tenon joints. Alternatively, the ends of
binders are supported on the iron stirrups, which are fixed to
Page 200 Building Materials & Construction
the girders. The ends of girders rest on walls on stone or
concrete templates. This type of timber floor is suitable for
spans greater than 7.50.
II Composite Floors:
Floors composed of more than one material are known as
composite floors and they found to possess the following
advantages.
(i) Resist fire and sound in better way than timber floors
(ii) Better hygienic because can be easily cleaned
(iii) Adopted for greater spans.
Floors Page 201
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Page 206 Building Materials & Construction
SYNOPYSIS
* * *
Page 208 Building Materials & Construction
CHAPTER – 13
ROOFS
(i) Single roof: In this type of roofs, common rafters are provided to
each slope without any intermediate support. The following are
the varieties of single roof.
a) Lean to roof
b) Couple roof
c) Couple close roof: This roof is just similar to couple roof except
that the legs of the common rafters are connected by a tie beam as
shown in the fig 13.5. The tie beam prevents the tendency of rafters
4.2m.
d) Collar beam roof: The tie beam is raised and placed at a higher
of 4.8m.
Roofs Page 215
(i) Double or purlin roofs: When the span exceeds 2.4m, the
purlins are introduced under the rafters as shown in fig 13.7. This
(ii) Trussed roofs: When the span exceeds 4.8m and when there are
no inside supporting walls or partitions for purlins, framed
structure known as trusses are on the roof, position of cross walls,
span and material of the truss. The spacing is 3m for wooden
trusses. Trusses carry the ridge piece and purlins on which the
common rafters rest. Some of the usual forms of roof truss are
given below.
a) King-post truss
c) Mansard truss
d) Truncated truss
e) Bel-fast truss
f) Steel trusses
g) Composite trusses
a) King post truss: In this type of truss, the central post known
post trusses. Lower queen post & upper king post trusses. Use
Procedure of construction:
1. Teak wood joists are placed on rolled steel joists with a furring
piece between the joists and rolled steel joists. The furring is
placed sloping and gives necessary slope to the flat roof
3. After the brick course, has set, a course of brick bat concrete of
75mm thick with 3 parts of brick bats, one part of gravel and
sand and 50 percent of lime mortar by volume is laid.
4. The concrete is well rammed for three days and allowed to set
5. Flat tiles are laid over the layer of concrete of thickness 50mm
III Curved roofs: These are the just the modifications of pitched
roofs and are frequently employed in modern age to cover large
areas shed/roofs and domes are the varieties of curved roofs.
They are useful for big structures such as factories, monumental
works etc curved roofs may be constructed of timber or R.C.C.
the latter material being very common now-a-days. They are two
common forms of a shell roof
Page 228 Building Materials & Construction
i) A north-light shell roof
ii) A barrel vault shell roof are as shown in fig
13.16 & 13.17
Curved roofs afford pleasing appearance and due to arch action, the
stresses are considerably reduced which results in thin sections for a
curved roof.
Procedure of construction
(i) Pre-cast units of cement concrete tilis of size 70 x 70cm with
a uniform minimum thickness of 20mm in the form of domes
with a rise of about 50mm are used
(ii) Pre-cast units of R.C.C. 1:2:4 beams are prepared as per
design usually 90mm deep and 130mm wide as per design
usually 90mm deep and 130mm wide
(iii) The beams are suitably laid across the supporting walls
(iv) The tiles are placed in position after spreading some mortar
on the edges of beams. The minimum bearing of tiles on
beams should be 25mm and that on walls should be 50mm to
70mm
(v) The haunches between the humps of tiles are filled up with
cement concrete of proportion 1:2:4
(vi) Suitable water-proofing treatment to the roof is given at the
top. The roof thus exhibits a flat surface at the top and curved
surface at bottom.
Advantages
1. It can be constructed in short time
2. It does not require skilled supervision
3. It is cheap in construction
4. It requires less frame work
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Page 230 Building Materials & Construction
SYNOPYSIS
1. A roof is defined as uppermost part of a building which is
constructed in the form of a frame work to give protection to the
building against rain, heat, snow, wind etc
2. A well planed roof requires following requirements
(i) Durable against adverse effects
(ii) Insulation against sound and heat
(iii) Stable
(iv) Well drained
(v) Efficient water-proofing
3. The types of roofs are
(i) Pitched roofs
(ii) Flat roofs
(iii) Curved roofs
4. A sloping roof is known as pitched roof are the following types
(i) Single roof
(ii) Double or purlin roof
(iii) Trussed roof
5. A single roof common rafters are provided to each slope without any
intermediate support is the following types.
(i) Lean to roof
(ii) Couple roof
(iii) Couple close roof
(iv) Collar beam roof
6. When the span exceeds 2.4m, intermediate supports called purlins
are provided in double or purlin roof upto 4.8m.
Roofs Page 231
7. When the span exceeds 4.8m and when there are no inside supporting
walls or partitions for purlins, framed structure known as truss of
following types
(i) King post truss
(ii) Queen post truss
(iii) Truncated truss
(iv) Be-fast truss
(v) Steel truss
(vi) Composite truss
8. A roof which is nearly flat is known as flat roof commonly used flat
roofs are
(i) Madras terrace roof
(ii) Bengal terrace roof
9. Curved roof are the just modified of pitched roofs to cover large
areas
Ex: shell roofs, dome roofs.
Page 232 Building Materials & Construction
* * *
Damp Proof and Fire Proof Construction Page 233
CHAPTER 14
Techniques:
Waxes and fats are not suitable in tropics as they melt with
rise in temperatures
The cavity wall construction and D.P.C. details for flat roofs is
as shown in fig no 14.2
Fig 14.2 Cavity wall construction and D.P.C. details for flat roofs
Page 240 Building Materials & Construction
Fire protection:
SYNOPYSIS
* * *