SCIENCE,TECHNOLGY,

AND NATION BUILDING

PRESENTED BY GROUP 3
OBJECTIVES
DISCUSS THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN
PHILIPPINES NATION BUILDING :
EVALUATE GOVERNMENT POLICIES PERTAINING TO
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN TERMS OF THEIR
CONTRIBUTIONS TO NATION BUILDING;AND
IDENTIFY ACTUAL SCIENCE AND TECNOLOGY POLICIES
OF THE GOVERNMENT AND APPRAISE THEIR IMPACT ON
THE DEVELOPMET OF THE FILIPINO NATION


 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

PRE-SPANISH PHILIPPINES
The early inhabitants of the archipelago had their own belief
system and indigenous knowledge system.
science observed in the way they interpreted the
movements of heavenly bodies to predict seasons and
climates, and in organizing days into months and years.
science knowledge eas observed in the way they planted
their crops , in taking care of animals , and for food
productions.
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

2020 | DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY

 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

SCIENCE IN PRE-SPANISH
PHILIPPINES
SCIENCE IS EMBEDDED IN THE WAY OF LIFE OF THE PEOPLE.
They already had an alphabet,number system, a
weighing and measuring system and a calendar
Filipinos were already engaged in farming, shipbuilding,
mining and weaving.
The Banaue Rice Terraces are among the sophisticated
products of engineering by pre-Spanish era Filipinos.
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

2020 | DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY

BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

2020 | DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY

 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

SCIENCE IN PRE-SPANISH
PHILIPPINES
Planting crops that provide them food
Taking care of animals
Food production
Interpret the movements of heavenly bodies to
predict season sand climates
Medicinal uses of plant
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

2020 | DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY

 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

PRE -SPANISH ERA

TECHNOLOGY IS USED IN BUILDING HOUSES, IRRIGATIONS, AND IN
DEVELOPING TOOLS for:
They developed tools for planting,hunting,cooking, and fishing;for
fighting their enemies during war or tribal conflicts.
They also developed technologies in creating musical instruments.
The Metal Age had a significant influence on the lives of early
Filipinos.
Sophisticated designs of gold and silver jewelry, ceramics, and
metal tools proved that their technology ideas helped in the
development of different tools.
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

2020 | DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY

BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

2020 | DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY

 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

PRE -SPANISH ERA

TRADING with China, Indonesia, Japan, and other near
by countries have influenced their lives by providing
different opportunities for cultural and technological
exchange.
All ancient practices in science and technology are
considered now as INDIGENOUS SCIENCE or FOLD
SCIENCE
 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

SPANISH ERA (1565-1898)

Spaniards brought their own culture and practices
ESTABLISHED SCHOOLS FOR BOYS AND GIRLS AND
INTRODUCED THE CONCEPT OF SUBJECTS AND DISCIPLINES.
Beginning of formal science and technology, known as the
SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Learning of Science focuses on understanding different
concept related to the human body, plants, animals and
heavenly bodies.
Technology focuses on using and developing house tool
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

2020 | DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY

BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

2020 | DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY

 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

SPANISH ERA
Life became MODERNIZED.
FILIPINOS REPLICATED TECHNOLOGY brought by the Spaniards
using indigenous materials.
MEDICINE AND ADVANCED SCIENCE were introduced informal
colleges and universities.
GALLEON TRADE has brought additional technology and
development in the Philippines.
Filipino students who were able to study in europe and contributed
to the advancement of medicine , engineering, arts,music , and
literature in the country.
 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

AMERICAN ERA (1898-1946)

The american established the public education system , and
improved the engineering works and the health conditions of the
people.
They reorganized the learning of science and introduced it in public
and private schools.
They established a modern research university , the University of
the Philippines .
The mineral resources of the country were also explored and
exploited during the American time.
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

2020 | DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY

 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

AMERICAN ERA
However, World War II had destabilized the development
of the country in many ways. Institutions and public
facilities were turned into ashes, houses were burned,
and many lives were destroyed.
Since the establishment of the new republic, the whole
nation had been focusing on using its limited resources in
improving its science and technological capability.
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

2020 | DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY

 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

AMERICAN ERA
Science during the American period was inclined towards
agriculture, food processing, and pharmacy. Not much
focus was given on the development of industrial
technology due to free trade policy with the United States
which nurtured an economy geared towards agriculture
and trade
 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY
In response to ASEAN 2015 Agenda , the government
agencies like Department of Science and Technology
(DOST) and National Research Council of the
Philippines(NRCP) recommend policies and programs
that will improve the competitiveness of the
Philippines in the ASEAN Region.
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NATION BUILDING

THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE

PHILIPPINES (NCRP) clustered these policies into
four , namely :
Social Sciences , Humanities , Education ,
International Policies and Governance .
Physics , Engineering and Industrial
Research ,Earth and Space Science , and
Mathematics.
Medical , Chemical , and Pharmaceutical
Sciences
Biological Science, Agriculture, and
Forestry.
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NATION BUILDING

Existing program supported by the philippines government through

department of Science and technology (DOST) :
Providing funds for basic research and
patents related to science and
technology
Providing scholarships for undergraduate
and graduate studies of students in the
field pf science and technology
Establishing more branches of the
Philippine Science High School System
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NATION BUILDING

Existing program supported by the philippines government through

department of Science and technology (DOST) :
Balik scientist program to encourage Filipino
scientist abroad to come home and work in the
Philippines .
Developing science and technology parks in
academic campuses to encourage academe and
industry partnership.
The establishment of the National Science
Complex and National Engineering Complex
withis the University of the Philippines campus in
Diliman
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NATION BUILDING

The Philippine-American Academy of science and Engineering

(PAASE,2008) identified several capacity building programs such as;
Establishing of national centers of excellence ;
Manpower and intitutional development programs , such as
Engineering and Science Education Program (ESEP) to produce
more PhD graduate in science and engineering.
Establishment of regional centers to supports specific industries ;
Establishment of science and technology business centers to
assist , advicve and incubate technopreneurship venteures; and
Strengthen science education at an early stage through the
Philippine science High school system .
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NATION BUILDING

Some laws and policies are in line with

international treaties such as :
The United Nations (UN)
United Nations Educations , Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) ; and
Association of Southeast ASian Nations (ASEAN)
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NATION BUILDING

Science Education in the Philippines

Education is important to equip individuals with the

knowledge and skills that contribute to the building
of a nation. Investments in S&T education are
directly and indirectly connected to national economic
growth and poverty reduction.
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NATION BUILDING

Science Education in the Philippines

K to 12 Program and State of Science Education
-The Department of Education (DepEd) regulated basic education
standards while Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
supervises and regulated higher educational institutions in the
country.
- The K-12 Program covers kindergarten and 12 years of
basic education comprising six years of elementary education, four years
of secondary education and two years of senior high school education.
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NATION BUILDING

Science Education in the Philippines

K to 12 Program and State of Science Education
-The K to 12 program made into law upon the signing of
RA 10533 known as “Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013” by
President Benigno Aquino III on May 15, 2013.
-The K-12 curriculum uses a spiral progression that allows
students to learn topics and skills appropriate to their cognitive stages.
Example, in the new high school curriculum, life science, earth
science, physics and chemistry are designed to be taught progressively
per grade level.
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NATION BUILDING

Science Education in the Philippines

K to 12 Program and State of Science Education
-Lack of formal science subject from Kindergarten to Grade 2.
-A shortage of qualified science teachers.
-There is a disjunction on how science teaching is learned
from elementary and secondary levels.
-Enrolment rate of students in science-related degrees is low.
-Many professionals in the field of S&T opt to leave the
country because of more opportunities abroad.
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NATION BUILDING

Science Education in the Philippines

K to 12 Program and State of Science Education
-The Philippines just had 1,889 scientists per
million population ratio in 2018, in
which UNESCO established a benchmark ratio of 380
scientists for R&D per one million individuals of the
population.
- Poor student performance in science education
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NATION BUILDING

Government Interventions
Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda (BESRA) –
a policy reform package that seeks to improve the
institutional, structural and financial conditions that affect the
delivery and access to basic education.
Youth in Excellence in Science (YES) Awards – recognizes
students who have won in international science and
mathematics through Department of Science and Technology
–Science Education Institute (DOST-SEI).
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NATION BUILDING

Government Interventions
Higher Education Reform Agenda (HERA) – CHED
focuses on four key tactical and transformative strategies:
quality education and training,enhance competencies of
graduates and faculty,develop excellence in colleges and
universities and enshrine ethical and innovative governance in
HEI’s.
National Science and Technology Plan for 2002 -2020 –
established by DOST to encourage students to pursue careers
in science.
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NATION BUILDING

Indigenous Science and Technology

Indigenous technology refers to the technological
knowledge, skills, and resources transmitted or handed
down from the past indigenous people to the present
ones to meet their needs and wants.
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NATION BUILDING

Indigenous Science and Technology

The DOST is mandated to promote the indigenous technologies in
the Philippines.
The following are the common products using indigenous materials.
1. Fermented food – kesong puti, patis, banana catsup and burong
isda
2. Alcoholic beverages – labanog, basi, tapuey, bignay/bugnay and
tuba
3. Textile – fibers from abaca, jusi and saluyot, and natural dyes.
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NATION BUILDING

Indigenous Science and Technology

4. Construction materials and civil engineering –
bamboo, coconut lumber, santol wood, rice hull cement,
VAZBUILT modular housing system, rice terraces in Cordillera
5. Transport vehicles – jeepney, vinta, balangay
6. Medicine – medicinal plants and erthyromycin
7. Weapons – balisong, sumpit, marine scout sniper rifle
8. Space technology – Diwata I and Diwata 2
 SCIENCE ,TECHNOLOGY , AND NATION BUILDING

FAMOUS FILIPINOS in the FIELD OF

SCIENCE
1. RAMON CABANOS BARBA - For his

outstanding research on tissue culture

in Philippines mangoes

2. JOSEFINO CACAS COMISO - For his

works on observing the characteristics

of Antarctica by using satellite images

.
 SCIENCE ,TECHNOLOGY , AND NATION BUILDING

FAMOUS FILIPINOS in the FIELD OF

SCIENCE
3.JOSE BEJAR CRUZ JR. - Known

internationally in the field of electrical

engineering ; was elected as officer of the

famous Institute of Electrical and

Electronic Engineering .

4. LOURDES JANSUY CRUZ- Notable for

her research on sea snail venom .
 SCIENCE ,TECHNOLOGY , AND NATION BUILDING

FAMOUS FILIPINOS in the FIELD OF

SCIENCE
5.FABIAN MILLAR DAYRIT - For his
research on Herbal medicine

6.RAFAEL DINEROS GUERRERO III- For

his research on tilapia culture

7.ENRIQUE MAOUA OSTREA JR.- For

his invention of the meconium drugs testing

.
 SCIENCE ,TECHNOLOGY , AND NATION BUILDING

FAMOUS FILIPINOS in the FIELD OF

SCIENCE
8.LILIAN FORMALEJO PATENA - For his
research on Herbal medicine

9.MAR-JO PANGANIBAN RUIZ- For his

research on tilapia culture

10.GREGORY LIGOT TANGONAN- For

his invention of the meconium drugs testing

.
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NATION BUILDING

There are other outstanding Filipino scientist who

recognized here and abroad for their outstanding
contributions in science
1. CAESAR A. SALOMA - an international renowned

physicist

2. EDGARDO GOMEZ - famous scientist in marine science

3. WILLIAM PADOLINA - chemistry and president of

National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST)

Philippines

4. ANGEL ALCALA - marine science