Review the modal auxiliaries may and might and then we will learn new modal

auxiliaries must had

New vocabulary

When we eat we use silverware

What is silverware?
Silverware is a knife:
a knife
a spoon,
a fork

other things to eat

a napkin
salt
pepper
shakers salt
pepper shakers
a plate
a glass

when we eat soup we need a bowl

when we cook we need pots and pans

Plates, glasses and bowls - called dishes

People who work in restaurants

a waiter
female waiter is called a waitress
chef
Let's review the modal auxiliary
We use may to ask and answer polite questions
When you're in a restaurant you may ask: “May I see a menu?”
and they answer: “Yes, you may”

You may also ask: “May I sit here?” an answer could be “No, you may not. This
table is broken”

We learned that may and might can mean may be may not and might not can mean
maybe not.

Cheryl is hungry. She may go to Pizza Hut.

Larry's children don't like apples.
He might not buy apples at the store.
What are you going to do tonight?
I may go to the big football match.
I should pay a ticket first.
They might not be any tickets.
I may play computer games.
I might ride my bicycle.
What are you going to do tonight?
I'm a stay at home. Tomorrow is my grandmother's birthday. I'm going to
make a chocolate cake.

look and listen

Molly might buy some new plates.
Her plates are very old.
I need a new cookbook.
I may buy a new one.
It is raining.
We might not have a barbecue tonight.
Irma has a toothache.
She might not eat dinner.

A new model auxilary had better

Had better is a stronger meaning. It means something negative might happen if
someone doesn't do something.
I won't have time later. The food is getting cold.
We had better eat dinner.

The positive form is had better

the negative form has had better not

She is very tired. She had better not go to the party.

It is snowing very hard. We had better eat at home.

We can also use had better in a short form a contraction so we use apostrophe D
better or better not
They'd better not eat now.
They will be very hungry at 10 o'clock.
The restaurant is very far. She'd better go to a different place.

What are you doing after class?

I am going to shopping with my mother. We are going to the market. She needs
tomatoes, onions, peppers and spices. She's going to make pizza.
What are you doing? I'm going home. I had better help my mother. My mother is
making a chocolate cake for my grandmother. She will be tired. She will need
some help.

We learned that the positive form of the modal auxiliary is had better
The negative form is had better not
She had better buy some coffee.
subject + had better + main verb + object or compliment

The negative form

She had better not buy some coffee.
subject + had better + negative not + main verb + object or compliment

Are you going to make dinner tonight? I had better not my dinner. I'm not a good
cook. My mother is the best cook in the world.
Can you come to my house for dinner on Saturday? Maybe I had better study first.
I have a big exam next week.

look and listen

Mother wants to make eggs.
She better buy a new pan.
Her pan is very old.
Theodore had better go to a restaurant tonight.
There is nothing to eat at home.
Eddie and Pedro had better not eat with their hands.
There is silverware on the table.

Other modal auxiliaries must and have to

Which mean the same
must
Where is the kitchen? I must start cooking.
Mother wants to make popcorn.
You must buy some salt.
There is no food at home.
We must go to a restaurant.

Must means something is necessary or very important. It is stronger than should.

The negative form of must is must not or mustn't

It means something is forbidden. Must not means do not do this.

Where is the pepper? I mustn't forget to put it in the soup.

Father is waiting at the restaurant. We mustn't be late.

My mother is making a cake tonight.

What must she buy? I'm not sure. I'm not a good cook.

What must she buy? She must buy sugar and chocolate. I am a good cook. I like to
make chocolate cake.

Arnold doesn't have a spoon. He mustn't order soup.

Kathy's hands are very dirty. She must wash before she cooks.

I am bringing two friends. We are going to the park.

What must I do?
You must bring sandwich and something to drink. It might be very hot.
You should make lemonade.
I will bring many things to eat and you must bring salt and pepper and some
Fruit.
The differences between should and shouldn't and must and mustn't
We use must to say that something is very important. It is necessary. There is no
choice.
I must not be late for dinner. The cook will be angry.

We use should to say that something is a good idea. There is a choice.

You should smoke on the balcony. People are eating in the kitchen.

The difference between should and shouldn't and must and mustn't
Paul must eat.
Why is it must? Because he won't have.
He won't have time later. So, there isn't a choice.
Ellen should eat.
It's her choice, but we don't know how long the meeting will last
Ellen's choice to eat now or not to eat.

You must eat now.

We won't eat dinner before 10 o'clock,
But you should eat now you may be hungry in an hour.

I'm going to my friend's house for dinner. Should I leave at 9 o'clock? No, you
mustn't. You must go early, maybe she needs help.
Where are you going for dinner? We already think at home. My mother is making
Spanish omelets. I must go markets after class. I must buy eggs.
What are you doing after class? I must study. I have a test tomorrow. My friend
wants to go to a coffee after class. I mustn't go.

look and listen

We mustn't buy eggs.
The refrigerator is full.
Jack must clean the kitchen.
His mother wants to cook later.
These knives aren't clean. You must wash them again.
You mustn't put more salt in the soup.
It will be too salty.

Let's learn the modal's have to and has to

Has to and have to mean the same as must. They have the same meaning

Must and have to or has to have the same meaning. They express the idea, that
something is very necessary. There is no choice.
Use the form must for all for: everyone, for you, I, he, she, It, we and they.
However have to and has to change like the simple present. We need to say:
“I have to do it”
You have to do it.
He / she and it has to do it.
We have to do it.
They have to do it.

Lewis has a stomachache. He has to eat slowly.

Jackie is hungry. She has to go to the restaurant with us.
Joanne is going to the bookstore. She has to buy a new cookbook.

I am going to make lasagna tonight. I need advice. Alberto I have a lot of advice
for you. That you had to buy tomatoes, onions, meat and papers. You had to buy
lasagna noodles.

“I must eat soon.” has the same meaning as “I have to eat soon.”
“Abigail must leave at noon.” that means the same thing as “Abigail has
to leave at noon”

look and listen

Fred has to drive to the party.
Mary has to buy some vegetables.
I have to leave on Friday.
We have to make soup soon.
The children have to come downstairs for lunch.

The negative forms of have or has to

Must not and do not have to are different. Must not mean something is forbidden;
do not; have to means something is not necessary to do. It is not important for the
first and second person; singular and for plural subjects.
I don't have to eat now.
The boys don't have to clean the kitchen.
I can hear you.

For the third person singular we use doesn't look at

Mother is making spaghetti. and does it have to help. It isn't necessary.
Wallace doesn't have to wear a tie at the restaurant. He is only 5.

Use not have to

How are you Sylvia? I'm great. We are eating at a restaurant tonight. Our
electricity is being repaired. We don't have to eat at home.
What are you going to do Saturday night? Saturday night is my Mother's Day night
off. She doesn't have to cook so we go to a cafe for dinner.
I like cafes very.
We learned that must and have to mean it is very important to do something. It is
necessary. must or mustn't mean it is forbidden to do something.
don't or doesn't have to means it is not necessary to do something.
I must go to the store.
He has no eggs.

the same as Ali has to go to the store. He has no eggs.

We can see that it is very important for Ali to go to the store. Maybe he is making
a cake but he needs eggs.

Peter mustn't look in the closet. His present is there.

It is forbidden for Peter to look in the closet.

We don't have to buy fruit.

There is fruit in the refrigerator, so we can see that it is not necessary to buy fruit.

Chart to help you

must in the positive form
You must eat your dinner.
the subject + must + verb + object or complement

the negative form

You mustn't eat your dinner.
subject + must not or mustn't + verb + object or complement

the question form is

Must you eat your dinner?
must + subject + verb + object or complement
a negative question form
Mustn't you eat your dinner?
mustn't + subject + verb + object or complement

The chart for have to

the positive form
Gary has to eat his breakfast.
subject + has or have + verb + object or complement

the negative form

Gary doesn't have to eat his breakfast.
subject + don't have to or does it have to + verb + object or complement

in the question form

Does Gary have to eat his breakfast?

does or do + subject + have to + verb + object or complement

a negative question form

Doesn't Gary have to eat his breakfast?
doesn't or don't + subject + have to + verb + object or complement

look and listen

Jenny should go to the store.
We need fruit.
The boys have to eat now.
The soup is hot.
Harry must make his own breakfast.
He got up late.
Children must ___.
Children must listen to their parents.
Children don't have to ___.
Children don't have to cook.
We don't have to ___.
We don't have to leave for the restaurant.
Mothers must ___
Mothers must cook for their children.

Sentences using had better or had better not.

Sentences using must or mustn't
Sentences using have to or don't have to

I had better not go to the café.

We had better not eat spicy food.
We have a match tomorrow.
His cooking is terrible.
Jack had better not use peppers in the soup.
My mother had better come soon.
You had better not go on a picnic. It would rain.

I must learn to cook.

I must tell my mother make a cake.
I mustn't be rude to my sister in the kitchen.
Waitresses must be friendly.
Children mustn't play in the kitchen.

I had to learn how to make lasagna.

Waitresses have to be polite.
I don't have to eat on the balcony.
Mother doesn't have cook tomorrow.
We can eat leftovers.