School DMMMSU-MLUC CE Course, Year & BSEd 2D

Section
Pre-service Teacher Shrine G. Estrada Subject Analytical
Chemistry
Date & Time April 23, 2022 Term Midterms
9:00 – 10:30 AM

I. Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
1. Explain the behavior of gases using the kinetic molecular theory,
2. use the gas laws to determine pressure, volume, or temperature of a
gas under certain conditions of change; and
3. Appreciate the significance of the various gas laws.

II. Content/Subject Matter Characteristics and Behavior of Gases & the Gas Laws

III. Learning Resources References:

Chemistry Libretexts. 2020, August
16. Gas Laws. Retrieved
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bo
okshelves/Physical_and_Theore
tical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps
/Supplemental_Modules_(Physic
al_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)
/Physical_Properties_of_Matter
/States_of_Matter/Properties_o
f_Gases/Gas_Laws#:~:text=The
%20gas%20laws%20are%20empiri
cal,from%20the%20Ideal%20Gas
%20Law from 22 April 2022

Manalang, Merlyn. 2021. Module II:

Gases and Solutions. Retrieved
https://classroom.google.com/
u/0/w/NDU1ODQ3NzQ1MDA2/t
/all from 22 April 2022.
Materials: Powerpoint Presentation/Google
Slides
Video Clips
Video Reminders
IV. Procedures Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

A. ELICIT Good morning class!

Good morning, ma’am.

Today marks the day of new

learning, but before anything else. I
would like to ask you, how are you?

Ma’am were doing great and fine

this week.

That’s nice. I hope everyone is doing

good and staying safe at the end of
 the week. To start with, can you
lead us in prayer? (call a student)

These are my reminders for this

class, please watch this video.

Go to a place where you are

comfortable in our discussion for
today. Please be advised to open
your camera, mute your
microphone, unless I will call your
name that is the time you unmute. Yes, ma’am.

B. ENGAGE `

This activity is given a week before
the discussion as part of engagement
activity.
Class Activity
4 groups with 6 members
Materials:
soda or water bottle
hot water
balloon
ice water
Procedures:
1. Fill an empty soda or water bottle
with hot water. Swirl the water
around to make the bottle hot and
pour it out.
2. Refill the bottle 1/4 full of hot
water and place a balloon over the
top.
3. Now, fill a bowl with ice water,
and place the bottle in the bowl.
4. Watch as all of the air is taken
from the balloon. It might even get
pulled into the bottle!
(the students will answer the
guided questions during class
discussion)
Student Activity
Questions to ask the students as
they watch their class activity.
❖ What happens to the
balloon when you place it
into cold water?
❖ What would happen to the
balloon when you place the
bottle into the hot water?
❖ What happens to the air
(gas) in the bottle when
you place the bottle into
cold ice water/hot water?
❖ What causes this change in
the gas in the
bottle/balloon?
❖ What would happen to the
water in the bottle if more
heat was removed?

C. EXPLORE
 Limk:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v (The students will watch the video
=BBgvT_V4fCY about the nature of gases)

(the students will answer the

(the teacher will pause the video,
questions based on the teacher
then explain)
higher order thinking skills
questions)
D. EXPLAIN

The invention of the sensitive

balance in the early seventeenth
century showed once and for all that
gases have weight and are therefore
matter.
Guericke's invention of air pump
(which led directly to his discovery
of the vacuum) launched the
“pneumatic era" of chemistry long
before the existence of atoms and
molecules had been accepted.

Indeed, the behavior of gases was

soon to prove an invaluable tool in
the development of the atomic
theory of matter.

The study of gases allows us to

understand the behavior of matter
at its simplest: individual particles,
acting independently, almost
completely uncomplicated by
interactions and interferences
between each other. This knowledge
of gases will serve as the pathway to
our understanding of the far more
complicated condensed phases
(liquids and solids) in which the
theory of gases will no longer give us
correct answers, but it will still
provide us with a useful model that
will at least help us to rationalize
the behavior of these more
complicated states of matter.

The three common phases (or states)

of matter are gases, liquids, and
solids.

Gases have the lowest density of the

three, are highly compressible, and
completely fill any container in
which they are placed. Gases behave
this way because their
intermolecular forces are relatively
weak, so their molecules are
constantly moving independently of
the other molecules present. Solids,
in contrast, are relatively dense,
rigid, and incompressible because
their intermolecular forces are so
strong that the molecules are
essentially locked in place. Liquids
are relatively dense and
incompressible, like solids, but they
flow readily to adapt to the shape of
their containers, like gases. We can
therefore conclude that the sum of
the intermolecular forces in liquids
are between those of gases and
solids.

First, we know that a gas has no

definite volume or shape. What does
it mean? Ma’am, in gases, molecules are
loosely packed. The force of
attraction between the molecules
of gases is least as compared to
solids and liquids. The kinetic
energies between the molecules is
high enough to break away from any
boundaries and they move
randomly. Thus, gases do not have
definite shape and volume.
Very good! a gas will fill whatever
volume is available to it. Contrast
this to the behavior of a liquid,
which always has a distinct upper
surface when its volume is less than
that of the space it occupies. The
other outstanding characteristic of
gases is their low densities,
compared with those of liquids and
solids. What does it mean low
densities?
Ma’am, gases usually tend to have a
low density mainly because the
intermolecular force of attraction
better the gas molecules is very
low. As a result, they move all over
the place which further leads to the
generation of larger intermolecular
spaces.
Very good! One mole of liquid water
at 298 K and 1 atm pressure occupies
a volume of 18.8 cm3, whereas the
same quantity of water vapor at the
same temperature and pressure has
a volume of 30,200 cm3, more than
1000 times greater.
Another characteristic of gases is
that they can be compressed. his is
because the particles in gases are
very far apart. The particles in solids
and liquids are so close together that
they are difficult (if not impossible)
to compress.

Brake hydraulics work so well

because of this. If liquids were easy
to compress, the brake fluid in your
car would just 'squish together'
instead of working to stop your car.
So, the more distance between the
particles of a substance, the easier
it is to compress. And gas particles
are very far apart, so they are easy
to compress.

Let us now proceed to the Pressure

of Gases.

What is pressure, class?

Ma’am, the perpendicular force per
unit area, or the stress at a point
within a confined fluid.
Very good! is then a force exerted by
the substance per unit area on
another substance. The pressure of
a gas is the force that the gas exerts
on the walls of its container.

When you blow air into a balloon,

the balloon expands because the
pressure of air molecules is greater
on the inside of the balloon than the
outside. Also, Pressure is a property
which determines the direction in
which mass flows. If the balloon is
released, the air moves from a
region of high pressure to a region of
low pressure.

Second is atmospheric pressure,

means the pressure exerted by
Earth’s atmosphere. What is the
direction of atmospheric pressure?
 Ma’am, Air pressure is exerted in all
directions because air molecules
move in all directions. If you hold
your hand out, palm up, the force
of air pushing down on your hand is
greater than your own weight.
Very good! Does atmospheric
pressure act only downward, as you
might infer from its definition?
Imagine what would happen, then, if
you were to hold a piece of paper
tight (with both hands) above your
head. You might expect the paper to
bend due to the pressure of air
acting on it, but this does not
happen. The reason is that air, like
water, is a fluid. The pressure
exerted on an object in a fluid
comes from all directions—
downward and upward, as well as
from the left and from the right. At
the molecular level, air pressure
results from collisions between the
air molecules and any surface with
which they come in contact. The
magnitude of pressure depends on
how often and how strongly the
molecules impacts the surface. Do
you follow?
Ma’am, yes.
Another tool to measure
atmospheric measure is barometer.

The barometer is probably the most

familiar instrument for measuring
atmospheric pressure. How
Barometer works?

Ma’am, based on our experiment

during senior high, Simply put, a
barometer acts like a balance that
'balances' the weight of the
atmosphere (or air around you)
against the weight of a mercury
column.

Very good! A simple barometer

consists of a long glass tube, closed
at one end and filled with mercury.
If the tube is carefully inverted in a
dish of mercury so that no air enters
the tube, some mercury will flow out
of the tube into the dish, creating a
vacuum at the top. Remember, if
the air pressure is high, the mercury
will rise. At low air pressure, the
mercury goes down.

Standard atmospheric pressure (1

atm) is equal to the pressure that
supports a column of mercury
exactly 760 mm (or 76 cm) high at
0°C at sea level. In other words, the
standard atmosphere equals a
pressure of 760 mmHg, where mmHg
represents the pressure exerted by a
column of mercury 1 mm high. The
mmHg unit is also called the torr,
after the Italian scientist Evangelista
Torricelli, who invented the
barometer. Thus,

1 torr = 1 mmHg
1 atm = 760 mmHg (exactly)
1 atm = 101, 325 Pa or 1.01325 x
105 Pa
Since, 1000 Pa = 1 kPa, then, 1 atm
= 1.01325 x 102 kPa

The physical characteristics of Gases

are volume, pressure, temperature
and number of atoms or molecules.

Physical Typical Units

characteristics
Volume, V Liters (L)
Pressure, P Atmosphere
(atm)
Temperature, T Kelvin (K)
Number of mole [1 mol =
atoms or 6.022x1023
molecules, n particles
(atoms or
molecules)]

Class, the value of a mole is

6.022x1023 particles; the particles
could be atoms or ions, depending
on the situation in which the mole is
being used. A mole is also known in
the chemistry world as Avogadro's
Number. Avogadro's Number was
named after Amedeo Avogadro, an
Italian chemist born in 1776. Do you
follow, class?
Yes, ma’am.
Approximately 20% of the
atmosphere is oxygen. This gas is
essential for life. In environments
where oxygen is in low supply, it can
be provided from a tank. Since gases
are very compressible, a large
amount of oxygen can be stored in a
relatively small container. When it is
released, the volume expands and
the pressure decreases. The gas is
then available for ventilation under
normal pressure.

The kinetic-molecular theory

explains the states of matter and is
based on the idea that matter is
composed of tiny particles that are
always in motion. This theory helps
explain observable properties and
behaviors of solids, liquids,
and gases. However, kinetic-
molecular theory is most easily
understood as it applies to gases.

The theory applies specifically to a

model of gas called an ideal gas.
What is the ideal gas law? Ma’am, An ideal gas is an imaginary
gas whose behavior perfectly fits all
the assumptions of the kinetic-
molecular theory.
Very good! In reality, gases are not
ideal, but are very close to being so
under most everyday conditions.

The term ideal gas refers to a

hypothetical gas composed of
molecules which
follow a few rules:

Remember, this is the first rule

which means the gas takes up
volume since the molecules expand
into a large region of space, but the
Ideal gas molecules are
approximated as point particles that
have no volume in and of
themselves.

What does it mean?

Ma’am, ideal gas molecules do not
attract or repel each other.
Yes, that’s right. How about the
others?
Ma’am, the only interaction
between ideal gas molecules would
be an elastic collision upon impact
with each other or an elastic
collision with the walls of the
container.
Very good! The other assumptions of
the theory are: Gas particles are
hard spheres with no internal
structure. The volume of the spheres
is negligible in comparison to the
average distance between particles.
The gas particles neither attract nor
repel one another means they
possess no potential energy. Do you
follow?
Yes, ma’am.

Class, why do gas molecules obey

Newton's law of motion?
Ma’am Gas particles obey Newton's
laws of motion and travel in
straight lines unless they collide
with other particles or the walls of
That’s right! This means that gases the container.
are composed of a large number of
particles that behave like hard,
spherical objects in a state
of constant, random motion. These
particles move in a straight line until
they collide with another particle or
the walls of the container. Are you
following class?
Yes, ma’am.

Class, this means that collisions

between gas particles or collisions
with the walls of the container are
perfectly elastic. None of the energy
of a gas particle is lost when it
collides with another particle or
with the walls of the container.

Let’s now proceed to real gases.

Real gas on the other hand, refers to
gases that deviate from ideality
which originate from two factors:

• First, the theory assumes

that as pressure increases,
the volume of a gas becomes
very small and approaches
zero. While it does approach
a small number, it will not
be zero because molecules
do occupy space (i.e. have
volume) and cannot be
compressed.
• Intermolecular forces do
exist in gases. These become
increasingly important in low
temperatures, when
translational (definition of
translational, please)
molecular motion slows
down, almost to a halt.
However, at high
temperatures, or even
 normal, everyday
temperatures, the
intermolecular forces are
very small and tend to be
considered negligible.

Remember, the ideal gas equation

works well when intermolecular
attractions between gas molecules
are negligible and the gas molecules
themselves do not occupy a
significant part of the whole
volume. In reality, there are no
ideal gases. Any gas particle
possesses a volume within the
system (a minute amount, but
present nonetheless), which violates
the first assumption. Additionally,
gas particles can be of different
sizes; for example, hydrogen gas is
significantly smaller than xenon gas.
Gases in a system do have
intermolecular forces with
neighboring gas particles, especially
at low temperatures where the
particles are not moving quickly and
interact with each other. Even
though gas particles can move
randomly, they do not have perfect
elastic collisions due to the
conservation of energy and
momentum within the system.

The gas laws are empirical laws that

describe the properties of gases and
typically include Avogadro's Law,
Boyle's Law, and Charles' laws and
Dalton's Laws. These are sometimes
call the ABCD laws for convenience
and can be derived from the Ideal
Gas Law. Deviations of these laws
occur when considering real gases
under high pressures or low
temperatures.

Every general-chemistry student

learns of Robert Boyle (1627–1691)
as the person who discovered that
the volume of a gas decreases with
increasing pressure and vice versa—
the famous Boyle’s law. The second
edition of this work, published in
1662, delineated the quantitative
relationship that Boyle derived from
experimental values, later known
as Boyle’s law: that the volume of a
gas varies inversely with pressure.

Robert Boyle is the father of?

 Ma’am, Robert Boyle is the Father
of Modern Chemistry.
Very good! For a fixed mass of gas at
constant temperature, the volume is
inversely proportional to the
pressure. This is mathematically:
pV=constant or P1V1 = P2V2
where:
P1 = initial pressure
V1 = initial volume
P2 = final pressure
V2 = final volume

That means that, for example, if you

double the pressure, you will halve
the volume. If you increase the
pressure 10 times, the volume will
decrease 10 times.

Remember that if it is consistent in

pV = nRT.
• You have a fixed mass of gas,
so n (the number of moles) is
constant.
• R is always constant - it is
called the gas constant.
• Boyle's Law demands that
temperature is constant as
well.
In short, it states that pressure and
volume are inversely related at
constant temperature. Also, as
pressure goes up, the volume goes
down or vice versa at constant
temperature.

Let us now proceed to a sample

problem. A balloon with a volume of
2.0 L is filled with a gas at 3
atmospheres. If the pressure is
reduced to 0.5 atmospheres without
a change in temperature, what
would be the volume of the balloon?

Let’s solve the given problem. You

can write your answer in your
notebook while I’m discussing.

Solution:

Since the temperature doesn't

change, Boyle's law can be used.
Boyle's gas law can be expressed as:

• PiVi = PfVf

where

• Pi = initial pressure
• Vi = initial volume
• Pf = final pressure
• Vf = final volume

To find the final volume, solve the

equation for Vf:

Vf = PiVi/Pf
 Vi = 2.0 L
Pi = 3 atm
Pf = 0.5 atm
Vf = (2.0 L) (3 atm) / (0.5 atm)
Vf = 6 L / 0.5 atm
Vf = 12 L

Answer:

The volume of the balloon will

expand to 12 L.

Do you follow, class?

Ma’am, yes.
Let’s have second example, a gas
occupies 12.3 liters at a pressure of
40.0 mmHg. What is the volume (in
L) when the pressure is increased to
60.0 mmHg?

Anyone would like to answer? What

volume is needed?
Ma’am the final volume or V2.
Very good! Can you solve the given
problem and state the final answer?
Solution
Given:
12.3 L = V1
40.0 mmHg = P1
60.0 mmHg = P2
Find:
V2 (in L) = ?

Formula & Substitution of Values:

P1V1 = P2V2
(40.0mmHg)(12.3L)=(60.0mmHg)V2

(40.0mmHg)(12.3L)= (60.0mmHg)V2
60.0mmHg 60.0mmHg

V2 = 8.200 L

Ma’am, the final answer is 8.200 L

That’s right! 8.200 L is needed when
the pressure is increased to 60.0
mmHg. Let’s now proceed to the
Charle’s Law.

Jacques-Alexandre-César Charles
was a mathematician and physicist
remembered for his pioneering work
with gases and hydrogen balloon
flights. Charles was born on
November 12, 1746, in Beaugency,
Loiret, France; his first occupation
was as a clerk at the Ministry of
Finance in Paris. However, his
interests eventually turned to
science. Charles is best known for
his studies on how the volume of
gases changes with temperature.
For a fixed mass of gas at constant
pressure, the volume is directly
proportional to temperature (in
Kelvin). This is mathematically

V=constant x T

Mathematically expressed as,

V = KT
or
V1 V2
T1 = T2

Where:
• V1 = initial volume
• T1 = initial temperature
• V2 = final volume
• T2 = final temperature

In short, States that volume of a gas

varies directly with the absolute
temperature at constant pressure
and also as temperature goes up, the
volume goes up too or vice versa at
constant pressure.

This example problem shows how to

use Charles' law to solve a gas law
problem: A 600 mL sample of
nitrogen is heated from 27 °C to 77
°C at constant pressure. What is the
final volume?

Solution:

The first step to solving gas law

problems should be converting all
temperatures to absolute
temperatures. In other words, if the
temperature is given in Celsius or
Fahrenheit, convert it to Kelvin. This
is where the most commonplace
mistakes are made in this type of
homework problem.

T K = 273 + °C
Ti = initial temperature = 27 °C
Ti K = 273 + 27
Ti K = 300 K
Tf = final temperature = 77 °C
Tf K = 273 + 77
Tf K = 350 K

The next step is to use Charles' law

to find the final volume. Charles' law
is expressed as:

Vi/Ti = Vf/Tf
where
Vi and Ti is the initial volume and
temperature
Vf and Tf is the final volume and
temperature
Solve the equation for Vf:
Vf = ViTf/Ti
Enter the known values and solve
for Vf.
Vf = (600 mL)(350 K)/(300 K)
Vf = 700 mL
Answer:
The final volume after heating will
be 700 mL.

Let’s have second example. What

change in volume results if 60.0
mL of gas is cooled from 33.0 °C to
5.00 °C?

What are the given, class?

Solution
Given:
60.0mL = V1
33.0°C = T1 → 306.15K
5.00°C = T2 → 278.15K
Very good! We are looking for?
Ma’am, change in volume.
Good! So you have to substitute the
given values.
Formula & Substitution of Values:
V1 V2
T1=T2

60.0mL V2
306.15K = 278.15K

(60.0mL)(278.1K) = V2(306.15K)

(60.0mL)(278.1K) = V2
306.15K

V2 = 54.512mL
Ma’am, the final answer is
54.512mL.
Are you sure that is the final answer?
No, ma’am. In change in volume,
we have to subtract the final
volume to initial volume to get the
final answer.

Change in volume = /V2 – V1/

Change in volume = /54.512mL –
60.0mL/

Final Answer:

Change in volume = 5.488mL

Ma’am, the final answer is 5.488mL.

Very good! Let us now proceed to
Gay-Lusaac Law. He states that at
constant volume, pressure and
absolute temperature are directly
related. Also, as pressure goes up,
the absolute temperature goes up
too or vice versa at constant volume.

Mathematically expressed as,

P = kT
or
P1 P2
T1 = T2

Where:
• P1 = initial pressure
• T1 = initial temperature
• P2 = final pressure
• T2 = final temperature
Let’s look for this example. Argon is
an inert gas used in lightbulbs to
retard the vaporization of the
tungsten filament. A certain
lightbulb containing argon at 1.20
atm and 18°C is heated to 85°C at
constant volume. Calculate its final
pressure (in atm).

Solution
Given:
1.20 atm = P1
18°C = T1 → 291.15K
85°C = T2 → 358.15K

Find:
P2 (in atm) =?

Formula & Substitution of Values:

P1 P2
T1 = T2

1.20atm P2
291.15K = 358.15K

P2(291.15K) = (1.20atm)(358.15K)

P2 = (1.20atm)(358.15K)
291.15K

What is the final answer, class?

Ma’am, 1.476 atm.
That’s right! Let’s now proceed to
Combined Gas Law. The combined
gas law combines the three gas laws:
Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Gay-
Lussac's Law. It states that the ratio
of the product of pressure and
volume and the absolute
temperature of a gas is equal to a
constant.

Mathematically expressed as,

Where:
• P1 = initial pressure
• V1 = initial volume
• T1 = initial temperature
• P2 = final pressure
• V2 = final volume
• T2 = final temperature

Unlike the named gas laws, the

combined gas law doesn't have an
official discoverer. It is simply a
combination of the other gas laws
that works when everything except
temperature, pressure, and volume
are held constant

Let’s have a sample problem.

2.00L of a gas
at 35oC and 0.833atm is brought to
standard temperature and pressure
(STP). What will be the new gas
volume?
Solution

Step 1: List the known quantities

and plan the problem.

Given:

• P1=0.833atm
• V1=2.00L
• T1=35oC=308K
• P2=1.00atm
• T2=0oC=273K

Find:

Use the combined gas law to solve

for the unknown volume (V2). STP
is 273K and 1atm. The temperatures
have been converted to Kelvin.

Step 2: Solve.

First, rearrange the equation

algebraically to solve for V2V2

Now substitute the known quantities

into the equation and solve.

Step 3: Think about your result.

Both the increase in pressure and

the decrease in temperature cause
the volume of the gas sample to
decrease. Since both changes are
relatively small, the volume does
not decrease dramatically.

What is the final answer, class?

Ma’am, 1.48 Liters.
Let’s now proceed to Avogadro’s
Law. It was proposed by Amadeo
Avogadro. He states that at constant
temperature and pressure, the
volume of a gas is directly related to
the number of moles and the volume
goes up, the number of moles goes
up too or vice versa at constant
temperature and pressure.

Mathematically expressed as,

V = Kn
or
V1 V2
n1 = n2

where:
• V1 = initial volume
• n1 = initial number of moles
• V2 = final volume
• n2 = final number of moles
Let’s have a sample problem. 5.00 L
of a gas is known to
contain 0.965 mol. If the
amount of gas is increased to
1.80 mol, what new volume will
result (at an unchanged
temperature and pressure)?

Can you give the given values?

Solution
Given:
5.0L = V1
0.965mol = n1
1.80mol = n2
We are looking for the final volume
in the sample problem.
Formula & Substitution of Values:

V1 V2
n1 = n2

5.0L V2
0.965mol = 1.80mol

(5.0L)(1.80mol) = V2(0.965mol)

(5.0L)(1.80mol) = V2
0.965mol

Ma’am, the final answer for the

final volume is 9.326L.

Everyone is following different

problem solving. We can now
proceed to Ideal Gas Law. A simple
equation demonstrating the
relationship between temperature,
pressure, and volume for gases.
These specific relationships stem
from Charles’s Law, Boyle’s Law,
and Gay-Lussac’s Law. Charles’s Law
identifies the direct proportionality
between volume and temperature at
constant pressure, Boyle’s Law
identifies the inverse proportionality
of pressure and volume at a constant
temperature, and Gay- Lussac’s Law
identifies the direct proportionality
of pressure and temperature at
constant volume.

The gas constant, R. The gas

constant, also known as the
universal molar gas constant is a
physical constant that appears in an
equation defining the behavior of a
gas under theoretically ideal
conditions. The gas constant is, by
convention, symbolized R.

Mathematically expressed as,

• PV = nRT
• P = Pressure
• V = volume
• n = number of moles
• R = gas constant
• T = temperature (K)
 Let’s have a sample problem. Sulfur
hexafluoride (SF6) is a colorless,
odorless, very unreactive gas.
Calculate the pressure (in atm)
exerted by 1.82 moles of the gas in
a steel vessel of volume 5.43 L at
69.58°C.

What are the given values?

Solution

Given:
1.82 mol = n
5.43 L = V
69.58°C = T → 342.73 K

Find:
P (in atm) = ?
Formula & Substitution of Values:
PV = nRT

The final answer is 9. 426 atm,

ma’am.
That’s right!
E. ELABORATE

Growing Bubbles as they rise from

the water. It applies the Boyle’s
Law.

When scuba divers exhale CO2 gas

under water, it can be noticed that
the size of the bubble increases as it
approaches the surface of the
water.

The water pressure tends to increase

with increase in depth from the
surface of water. A water bubble is
but a trapped air pocket as it goes
up the surrounding water pressure
decreases and as a result the
trapped air/bubble expands.
 Another application is a helium on a
chilly day will crumble. Once got
back into the warm, however, the
balloon will return to its original
shape. In accordance with Charles’
Law, this is because, a gas, in this
case, helium, takes up more space
when it is warm.

Hair/Body Spray Bottle Explosion

when Burned. This is an application
of Gay-Lusaac’s Law.

You should never throw an aerosol

can onto a fire or leave it in direct
sunlight – even if it is empty. This is
because the pressure will build so up
so much that the can will burst (and
explode if there is a naked flame
nearby). As the bottle is heated, the
gas pressure increases because more
of the liquefied propellant inside the
bottle turns into a gas. The particles
in a gas are moving. When a gas is
heated, its particles speed up. They
bump into the walls creating a
pressure.

Can you give me another

application class?
Ma’am, standardizing Containers
and Equipment operations. Ideal
Gas Law is used in engineering to
determine the capacity of storage
containers. It is also helpful in
determining the efficiency and
standard operation of equipment
Very good! Another application?
Ma’am, deflating Balloon. At times
a balloon could deflate not because
of drop in temperature but in
instances that the opening is not
tied tightly or there is a very tiny
prick on the balloon walls where air
can gradually escape.
Very good! I hope you understand
our topic for today. Thank you,
class!
F. EXTEND

PROBLEM – SOLVING KEY ANSWER

 Direction: Solve the following, show Direction: Solve the following,
complete solution. show complete solution.

1. Find the volume of a gas at STP P1 = 745.0 mm Hg

when 2.00 liters is collected at 745.0 V1 = 2.00 L
mm Hg and 25.0 degrees Celsius. T1 = 298 K
P2 = 760.0 mm Hg
V2 = x (the unknown you're solving
for)
T2 = 273 K

Next, take the formula and set it

up to solve for the unknown "x,"
which in this problem is V2:

P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2

Cross-multiply to clear the

fractions:

P1V1T2 = P2V2T1

Divide to isolate V2:

V2 = (P1V1T2) / (P2T1)

Plug in the numbers and solve for

V2:

V2 = (745.0 mm Hg · 2.00 L · 273 K)

/ (760 mm Hg · 298 K)
V2 = 1.796 L

Final Answer: V2 = 1.80 L

2. A 20-liter cylinder contains 2. Ti = 27 → C = 27 + 273 K = 300 K

6 atmospheres (atm) of gas at 27 C. Tf = 77→ C = 77 + 273 K = 350 K
What would the pressure of the gas
be if the gas was heated to 77 0C? Use these values in Gay-Lussac's
equation and solve for Pf.

Pf = PiTf/Ti
Pf = (6 atm)(350K)/(300 K)
Pf = 7 atm

The answer you derive would be:

The pressure will increase to 7 atm

after heating the gas from 27 C to
77 C.

G. EVALUATE

Direction: Identify what is being Direction: Identify what is being

asked in the following statements. asked in the following statements.

1. States that at constant 1. Avogadro’s Law

temperature and pressure, the
volume of a gas is directly related to 2. Charles Law
the number of moles.
3. Boyles Law
2. As temperature goes up, the
volume goes up too or vice versa at 4. Gay-Lusaac law
constant pressure.
5. Avogadro’s Law
 3. States that pressure and volume
are inversely related at constant
temperature.

4. States that at constant volume,

pressure and absolute temperature
are directly related.

5. There are 6.022x1023 particles in

every mole of a gas.

Part II. Problem Solving

Part II. Problem Solving
Direction: Solve the following, show
complete solution. Direction: Solve the following,
show complete solution.
6.2 liters of an ideal gas is contained
at 3.0 atm and 37 °C. How
many moles of this gas are present?
Solution

The ideal gas law states

PV = nRT

T = °C + 273

T = 37 °C + 273
T = 310 K

Now, you can plug in the values.

Solve ideal gas law for the number
of moles

n = PV / RT

n = ( 3.0 atm x 6.2 L ) / ( 0.08 L

atm /mol K x 310 K)
n = 0.75 mol

Answer

There are 0.75 mol of the ideal gas

present in the system.
V. Remarks Number of Students Within Mastery
Level
Number of Students Needing
Remediation/Enrichment

VI. Reflection/Journal

Prepared by:

SHRINE G. ESTRADA
Pre-service Teacher’s Signature over Printed Name

Checked by:

MERLYN A. MANALANG
Cooperating Teacher’s Signature over Printed Name