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STS
The Intellectual revolution pertains to the period of paradigm shifts or changes in the
scientific beliefs that have been widely embraced and accepted by the people (Hintay, 2018).
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
In the 6th century, Ptolemy introduced the geocentric model where it showed that the
Earth is the center of the universe which was thought to be true by most of the people at
that time.
Copernicus is an Astronomer who contradicts the geocentric model and proposed the
The change from the belief of geocentric to heliocentric happened through the
contributions of other important persons such as:
The Copernican revolution influences conceptual changes in cosmology, religion, physics, and
philosophy.
DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
UNITED KINGDOM
Formulated his book “On the Origin of Species” in 1859 that presented evidence on
how species evolved over time and “The Descent of Man (1871)” that introduced the idea of
Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection where organisms change
overtime as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits. The changes that allow
an organism to better adapt to its environment can help it survive and have more
offspring
2. This diversity of life came about because of the modifications in populations that were
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
Freud founded psychoanalysis. He described that the brain can be segmented into
The Freudian revolution greatly affected or gave rise to the Literature, Visual Arts and
Music.
INFORMATION REVOLUTION
The Information Revolution started from the Sumerian pictographs, which is the earliest
writing system. Then comes the invention of Gutenberg’s printing press 1455. There emerged the
use of typewriter and telegraph. Today, technologies are used widely which became easier with
the help of internet to communicate and disseminate and store information.
1. MESOAMERICAN
Mesoamerican Civilizations
● Mayan
● Inca
● Aztec
2. MIDDLE EAST
● The Arab applied the romans principles and improve the watermill known as noria.
● The middle East is known for their machine designed for the improvement of irrigation,
industrial work and for war. The windmill and watermill are used for
● crushing sugarcanes, grinding grain, and pumping water.
● The book of Badic al-Zaman ibn al-Razaz al-Jazari described candle and water clocks,
water vessels, fountains, automata, and water raising devices.
● The book written by Taqi al-Din ibn Maruf al-Rashid al-Dimashqi explained steam power
and a blueprint of a six-piston pump.
3. ASIA
Major contributions in Asia
4. AFRICAN
● Africa is known for the production of Kola nuts and coffee in Ethiopia (Kola nuts are
mostly found in West Africa and is the basis of cola drink).
● Coffee was developed as a consumable drink that spread to Arabia and then throughout
the world
● Africa used plants with salicylic acid for pain (aspirin) and for diarrhea (Kaopectate).
● They are also highly advanced in medicine such as operating autopsies and caesarian.
● The technology involved experimentation in drainage, construction of polders,
desalination, and irrigation. Evidence in 1978 suggests that they already mastered making
steels
REFERENCES
Hintay, K. J. (2018, February 6). INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS. Retrieved November 13,
2019, from https://prezi.com/2ak2vqch_apz/intellectual-revolutions/.
Kahulugan, J. (2018). Week 2: Intellectual Revolutions that Defined Society. Retrieved
November 13, 2019, from https://quizlet.com/322543864/week-2-intellectual-revolutions-
that-defined-society-flash-cards/.