SMOKING CAUSES INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

NATIONAL SCIENCE FAIR RESEARCH PAPER

LEVEL : JUNIOR LEVEL

CATEGORY : LIFE SCIENCE

SUBMITTED BY
MOHAMMED MEHRAN M
9TH STANDARAD
ANAIKAR ORIENTAL (ARABIC) HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, AMBUR – 635 802

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 ABSTRACT
Smoking causes health effects particularly accumulation of tar and nicotine in lungs. I had done an observation and
demonstration how tar and nicotine accumulated by using water bottle and tissue paper experiment. By doing experiment on 1 to 5
Cigarette, I had observed that amount of tar and nicotine deposition is increased has the days increases and also number of Cigaratte
increases.

Smoking causes accumulation of tar and nicotine which harms every organs of the body 90% lungs cancer 80% (COPD)
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the risk of dying from cigarette smoking has increased over the last 50 years in India.

The risk of lung cancer is directly related to the tar content of cigarette. Smokers were divided according to their tar
content of the cigarette.

 Low tar 22 mg per cigarette

 Medium tar 23 mg to 28 mg per cigarette
 High tar 29 mg and above per cigarette
 An average cigarette brings 10 mg tar in smoker’s lungs each time a person smokes.
 Range of tar content 8 mg to 43 mg per cigarette
 Range of Nicotine content 0.32 mg to 2.64 mg per cigarette
 The tendency for the risk of lung cancer increasing tar content.
Smokers Lungs Non Smokers Lungs

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 INTRODUCTION
According to World Health Organization (WHO) ‘’Health’’ is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being not
merely the absence of diseases.

Health is wealth means good health is the real treassure.

HEALTH EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING

Smoking can cause cancer almost anywhere in our body.

 Bladder
 Blood (acute myeloid leukemia)
 Cervix
 Colon and rectum
 Esophagus
 Kidney and ureter
 Larynx
 Liver
 Oropharynx (includes parts of the throat,tongue, soft palate and the tonsils)
 Pancreas
 Stomach
 Trachea, bronchus and lungs

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 SMOKING AND INCREASED HEALTH RISKS
Smokers are more likely to develop heart disease, stroke and lungs cancer

 Estimates show smoking increases the risk :

 Coronary heart diseases
 Stroke
 Lung cancer

Even people to smoke fewer than 5 cigarettes a day can have early signs of cardiovascular disease. Smoking damages blood vessels
and can make them thicken and grow narrow this makes your heart beat faster and your blood pressure go up.

Three major ingredients of a cigarette are

 Tar
 Nicotine
 Carbon monoxide

TAR : Tar is the name for the resinous, partially combusted particulate matter made by the burning of tobacco, it is toxic and damages the
smokers lungs, tar also damages the mouth by rotting and blackening teeth, damaging gums and desensitizing taste buds. Tar includes the
majority of mutagenic and carcinogenic agents in tobacco smokes.
Tar, when in the lungs, coats the cilia causing them to stop working and eventually die, causing conditions such as lungs cancer as the toxic
particles in tobacco smoke are no longer trapped by the cilia but enter the alveoli directly thus the alveoli cannot come through with the
process that is called gas exchange which is the cause of rough breathing.

NICOTINE : It is the colour less, poisonous alkaloid, derived from the tobacco plant. It is power ful drug which effects the brains and
quickly become addictive, it can also be found in weed killer.

CARBON MONOXIDE : It is an odourless, colourless gas that is released from burning tobacco. When it is inhaled it enters the blood
stream and interferes with the working of heart and the blood vessels. Up to 15 persons of a smokers blood can be carrying carbon
monoxide instead of oxygen.

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OBJECTIVES :

Harmful effects of smoking by observing the accumulation of tar and nicotine on a tissue paper .

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
 Plastic bottle with cap
 Digital weighing machine
 Tissue paper
 Cigarette
 Matches
 Empty pen
 Tape
 Rubber band

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PROCEDURE:
Take a water bottle with cap then make a hole on the bottom of the bottle and fit empty pen inside a hole as shown in the
picture. Make hole on cap to fit cigarette for the demonstration then light the cigarette if water is removed from the bottle by removing pen
lid, smoke is filled inside the water bottle gradually , if one cigarette is completed remove the cap of the bottle then cover with tissue paper.
Then squeeze the bottle the smoke inside the bottle will come out slowly, after a few second we can see the accumulation of tar and
nicotine in a tissue paper.

By repeating demonstration for 1 cigarette, 2 cigarettes, 3 cigarettes, 4 cigarettes, 5 cigarettes for the number of days likes 15
days, 30 days , 45 days, 60 days, 75 days, 90 days. Amount of tar and nicotine accumulation can be observed and calculated.

Computation of Data
TABLE - 1
NO. OF CIGARETTE PER DAY 1
WEIGHT OF EMPTY TISSUE PAPER (TP) 1170 mg Accumulation of Tar &
WEIGHT OF TISSUE PAPER 4000
1208 mg Nicotine
AFTER 1 CIGARETTE USED 3500

ACCUMULATION OF TAR AND NICOTINE 38 mg 3000

2500

DATE ACCUMULATION 2000

OF 1500
DAYS REMARK
FROM TO TAR AND 1000
NICOTINE 500 Accumulatio
n of Tar &
Oct-01 Oct-15 15 570 mg 0
Nicotine
15 30 45 60 75 90
Oct-16 Oct-30 30 1140 mg Days Days Days Days Days Days
Nov-01 Nov-15 45 1710 mg
Nov-16 Nov-30 60 2280 mg
Dec-01 Dec-15 75 2850 mg
Dec-16 Dec-30 90 3420 mg

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 Computation of Data Accumulation of Tar &
TABLE - 2 Nicotine
NO. OF CIGARETTE PER DAY 2
WEIGHT OF EMPTY TISSUE PAPER (TP) 1170 mg 7000
WEIGHT OF TISSUE PAPER
1243 mg
AFTER 1 CIGARETTE USED
6000
ACCUMULATION OF TAR AND NICOTINE 73 mg

5000
DATE
ACCUMULATION OF
DAYS REMARK
TAR AND NICOTINE
FROM TO 4000
Accumulation of
Tar & Nicotine
Oct-01 Oct-15 15 1095 mg 3000

Oct-16 Oct-30 30 2190 mg

2000
Nov-01 Nov-15 45 3285 mg

Nov-16 Nov-30 60 4380 mg 1000

Dec-01 Dec-15 75 5475 mg

0
15 30 45 60 75 90
Dec-16 Dec-30 90 6570 mg Days Days Days Days Days Days

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 Computation of Data Accumulation of Tar & Nicotine
TABLE - 3
NO. OF CIGARETTE PER DAY 3 Accumulation of Tar &
WEIGHT OF EMPTY TISSUE PAPER (TP) 1170 mg Nicotine
WEIGHT OF TISSUE PAPER 12000
1279 mg
AFTER 1 CIGARETTE USED
ACCUMULATION OF TAR AND NICOTINE 109 mg
10000
DATE ACCUMULATI
ON OF
DAYS REMARK
FROM TO TAR AND 8000
NICOTINE
Oct-01 Oct-15 15 1635 mg
Oct-16 Oct-30 30 3270 mg 6000

Nov-
Nov-01 45 4905 mg
15
Nov- 4000
Nov-16 60 6540 mg
30
Dec-
Dec-01 75 8175 mg
15 2000
Dec-
Dec-16 90 9810 mg
30
0
15 Days 30 Days 45 Days 60 Days 75 Days 90 Days

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 Computation of Data

TABLE - 4
NO. OF CIGARETTE PER DAY 4 Accumulation of Tar & Nicotine
WEIGHT OF EMPTY TISSUE PAPER (TP) 1170 mg 16000
WEIGHT OF TISSUE PAPER 14000
1323 mg
AFTER 1 CIGARETTE USED
ACCUMULATION OF TAR AND NICOTINE 153 mg 12000

10000

DATE ACCUMULATION 8000

OF
DAYS REMARK 6000
TAR AND
FROM TO
NICOTINE 4000 Accumulation of Tar
Oct- & Nicotine
Oct-01 15 2295 mg 2000
15
Oct- 0
Oct-16 30 4590 mg
30 15 30 45 60 75 90
Nov- Days Days Days Days Days Days
Nov-01 45 6885 mg
15
Nov-
Nov-16 60 9180 mg
30
Dec-
Dec-01 75 11475 mg
15
Dec-
Dec-16 90 13770 mg
30

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 Computation of Data Accumulation of Tar & Nicotine
TABLE - 5 4000
NO. OF CIGARETTE PER DAY 5 Accumulation of Tar &
Nicotine
WEIGHT OF EMPTY TISSUE PAPER (TP) 1170 mg 3500
WEIGHT OF TISSUE PAPER
1356 mg
AFTER 1 CIGARETTE USED
ACCUMULATION OF TAR AND NICOTINE 186 mg 3000

DATE 2500
ACCUMULATION OF
DAYS REMARK
TAR AND NICOTINE
FROM TO
2000

Oct-01 Oct-15 15 2790 mg

1500
Oct-16 Oct-30 30 5580 mg

1000
Nov-01 Nov-15 45 8370 mg

Nov-16 Nov-30 60 11160 mg 500

Dec-01 Dec-15 75 13950 mg

0
Dec-16 Dec-30 90 16740 mg 15 Days 30 Days 45 Days 60 Days 75 Days 90 Days

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Accumulation of Tar & Nicotine
NO. OF CIGARETTE PER DAY -1
15 Days
5%

30 Days
90 Days 9%
29%
45 Days
14%

60 Days
75 Days
19%
24%

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CONCLUSION:

Smoking Cigarette harms nearly every organs of the body causes many diseases. From the above observation and the data
collected, it is clear that amount of tar and nicotine accumulated for 1 cigarette for the duration of 3 months is 3420 mg, similarly for 2
cigarettes is 6570 mg, for 3 cigarettes 9810 mg, for 4 cigarettes 13770 mg, for 5 cigarettes 16740 mg.

Tar can form a sticky layer on the inside of the lungs. This damages the lungs and may leads to lung cancer. There is no safe level
of smoking even just 1 cigarette per day over a life time can cause smoking related cancer.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anti Smoking Organizations - Tobaccofree Earth Quit Tobacco | National Health Portal Of India

Ad·https://www.tobaccofree.org/ Ad·https://www.nhp.gov.in/quit-tobacco

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I thanks to our Science teacher A. Masroor Ahmed, who guided me to complete this project and I also thanks to our school
Headmaster R. Sheik Abdul Nazar, who give me permission to do this project. Finally I thank each and every school teaching & Non Teaching
Staff who supported me to complete my work.

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