SVKM’s Narsee Monjee Institute Of

Management Studies , School Of Law , Bangalore

The Assignment Submission

Topic :- Steps of research process that followed in the study of “Anti-

Corruption Movement , 2011

Submitted by :-

MOHIT BARANWAL

B.A L.L.B 2nd year

Submitted to :-

The faculty of Sociology

Prof. Arunoday sir

INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A RESEARCH PAPER?

"Research paper." When we hear such words, what image comes to mind? Working with
stacks of papers and books, seeking the "treasure" of other people's ideas? Whatever image
we conjure up, we're almost certainly seeing sources of information—articles, books, people,
and artworks. A research paper, on the other hand, is more than the sum of its sources, a
compilation of many bits of information about a topic, and a review of the literature in a field.
A research paper examines a viewpoint or makes an argument. Regardless of the sort of
research paper, we are writing, the final product should convey our thoughts and information
backed up by the ideas and information of others.
 
 To take an analogy, a lawyer investigates and learns about several instances before using
them to support his or her own. To substantiate a concept regarding a scientific principle, a
scientist reviews a lot of case studies. Similarly, a sociology student researching the anti-
corruption movement in 2011 may study newspaper stories and books, as well as interview
persons engaged in the movement, to create and/or confirm an opinion and back it up with
facts. 
 
 A research paper is a longer essay in which we give our analysis, appraisal, or argument.
When we compose an essay, we incorporate all we know and have considered about a topic.
When we write a research paper, we expand on what we already know about the subject and
make a conscious effort to learn more from specialists. A research report entails examining a
field of knowledge to uncover the most relevant facts. And if we know how to approach it,
that survey may be ordered and targeted. 

Steps involved in research progress:-

 Understanding the topic 
 Background research ( Literature review )
 Formulation of Research question
 Formulation of hypothesis (In case of Qualitative)
 Process of operationalization (In case of Quantitative )
 Research Design
 Research methodology/technique
 Access to research site
 Data Collection 

As my task was to do the Background research which

is literature review on “ Anti corruption movement
2011”so :-
What is literature review ?

A literature review is a study of scholarly knowledge on a certain subject. This survey gives
an overview while identifying hypotheses, methods, and gaps in existing research. A
literature review is a detailed examination of the works produced in a certain field of study or
line of research, generally over a while, in the form of an in-depth, critical bibliographic
essay or annotated list in which the most important works are highlighted. 

A literature review may also be defined as the collection of scholarly publications on a topic:-

• Includes scholarly publications and papers published in academic journals 

• Summarizes and evaluates past researc related to an issue
• It might be a single scholarly work or a portion of a larger research study.

The goal of a Literature Review is to locate previously published scholarly publications that
are relevant to a certain topic:-

 Assist in the gathering of ideas or information

 Stay current on current trends and discoveries
 Assist in the development of new questions
 
A literature review is significant because it: • Provides background information about a
topic's study:-

 Demonstrates the importance of a topic to a subject area.

 Assists you in focusing your research topics or issues
 Finds connections between research findings and concepts.
 Suggestions previously unconsidered ideas or populations
 Identifies a topic's primary themes, topics, and researchers.
 Puts preconceptions to the test; may assist to dispel preconceived notions and
eliminate unconscious prejudice.
 Identifies key flaws in technique or theoretical approaches, as well as issues of
contention.
 Indicates possible study directions in the future.

Steps I followed in “Literature review”

To do the literature review of different articles, books, etc published on the Anti-
corruption bill 2011 I followed the 7 steps which are mentioned below are as follows:- 

Step 1:- Analyse my topic for literature review

To begin, I concentrated on one aspect of the research, the "Anti-corruption bill of 2011." To
restrict my focus, I analyse what interests other academics on my field the most. I also spoke
with my sociology professor and my classmates. After we've gathered perspectives, it's time
to brainstorm while reading notes and researching current events as well as topics linked to
our theme.

Finally, I limit the scope of my literature review to a certain topic. I constructed a succinct yet
well-defined question and specified the terminologies that were relevant to it once I had
decided exactly what I would write about. In addition, I make certain that I am not
duplicating any of the already published literature studies on the subject.

Step 2:- Research for writing a literature review

Now that I had a good understanding of my issue and its different facets, I began the process
of gathering data about it.
I performed two things in order to do this:-

Step 2 (i) :- Search for literature

I looked for all the magazine articles, books, and newspaper articles that were
published during a given time frame, focused on a specific geographic location
or utilising a specific approach from Google scholar, as well as other sources.

 Search a library database using keywords.

 Recent article and review reference lists can link to more important studies.

 Include any research that contradict your viewpoint.

Then I made a list of all the books and articles about the Anticorruption Bill
2011 that I could discover, such as:
Step 2 (ii):- Read the selected articles thoroughly and evaluate them

To Analyse and summarise the data and conclusions of the research.

I Kept the following things in my mind:-

• methodology, testing processes, people, and material examined by researchers

• specialists in the field: names/labs that are regularly mentioned
• opposing ideas, findings, and techniques
• the popularity of theories and how it has evolved/has not changed through time

Step 3:- Evaluated my research for literature review

After I finished gathering data, I examined it to ensure that my results and conclusions were
in harmony.I took notes on the researchers' assumptions, techniques, and testing processes, as
well as alternative ideas and their adoption.

While evaluating the study, I included the material that I thought was valuable and left out
the information that I didn't think would contribute much to my literature review.
It also gave me with a more clearly defined framework that I will adhere to.

Step 4:- Develop a structure for the literature review

Once I was done with the first few steps of research and analysis, now I have to place the
information related to my literature review in an organized pattern with appropriate sub-
topics, a good beginning and a vast main body, and a suitable ending.

Since literature reviews are extensive, a defined structure helped me incorporate all the useful
information efficiently.

Step 5:- Construct the thesis statement for writing a literature review

Before getting into writing the literature review, I noticed the patterns via the research that
was completed and produced a few phrases based on the developments and conclusions.

Step6:- Write the literature review

his is by far the most important step.

I use the framework I devised earlier to write a literature review, and I adhere to it until the
finish. Then it generates logical connections between the information I stated, and I double-
check that each area is in line with the others.

In addition, I used an analytical and evaluative strategy. This implies that rather than just
explaining the ideas and issues, I concentrated on understanding them. I maintained the
cause-and-effect relationship in mind when evaluating.
In addition, I was on the lookout for linguistic devices and used transition words to boost
readability.

Step 7:- Rechecking of the literature review

After I completed drafting the literature review, I went through each paragraph's theme phrases. I
make sure that each paragraph's topic phrases reflect the primary aspects of your literature study.

 Outlined each area of the document to see whether I need to add material, eliminate
extraneous information, or restructure portions.
 Read my work aloud to yourself. That way, I'll be able to spot where I need punctuation
marks to indicate pauses or divisions within sentences, as well as where I've made
grammatical mistakes or where my phrases are confusing .
 Because the objective of a literature review is to show that the writer is conversant with
essential professional literature on the selected subject, I double-check to make sure I've
included all of the relevant, up-to-date, and important works. The literature in sociology and
several other fields must be recent.
 I double-check that all of the citations and references are proper, and that I'm using the
correct referencing style for your discipline.
 I double-check that I haven't plagiarised by forgetting to identify a source of information or
utilising words directly quoted from one. (Usually, if I take three or more words directly from
another source, I should put those words within quotation marks, and cite the page.)
 I also make sure that my material is written in an academic manner that is clear and succinct;
it should not be descriptive, and I should not use ordinary language.
 There should be no mistakes in grammar or spelling.
 Sentences should be easy to read and understand.

Literature review on “Anti corruption bill 2011”

Article 1 :- “four features of Lokpal bill that make it ineffective”

written by Karthik balsubramanian

This article first informs us about the bill, such as how and when it was approved, before attempting
to lay out the four reasons why the Lokpal bill has a possibility of been criticised, which are as
follows: -

• The probe can be extended indefinitely

• States can tone down their version of the Lokpal law

• Religious groups and charities are excluded from the scope of the Lokpal

• The C.B.I. must rely on funds from the centres to do its investigation

The author here explained all the reasons why people are going to criticize the bill which I think is
mandatory because all the reasons which are given by the author are true and it can’t be denied
because the government modified the bill which they introduced in 2011, The bill which was
introduced earlier was on the recommendation of Anna Hazare and team but the bill which got
passed later have modifications which are not acceptable and can create a big problem in near
future.

Article 2 :- JAN LOKPAL BILL: COMBATING AGAINST CORRUPTION

Written by RAHUL SHARMA, ANSHUL SHRIVASTAVA

The author in the article discussed that Corruption is a sign of a country's deep-seated and basic
economic, political, and institutional inadequacies and flaws. Effective anti-corruption measures, like
the Jan Lokpal Bill, are necessary to eradicate such a terrible illness. Thus, the emphasis must be
focused on avoiding corruption by addressing the core causes of corruption via economic, political,
and institutional changes. In the absence of a real attempt to address the basic causes of corruption,
anti-corruption enforcement tools such as oversight organizations, a reinforced police force, and
more efficient law courts would be ineffective. Another point that they focused on is that corruption
thrives in environments where there are other types of institutional flaws, such as political
instability, bureaucratic inefficiency, and weak legislative and judicial institutions. I think that the
crucial point is that corruption and other institutional flaws are intertwined and mutually beneficial.
As a result, eliminating corruption aids a country's ability to overcome other institutional flaws, just
as lowering other institutional flaws aids in the reduction of corruption.

Article 3 :- Politics of Lokpal: a way beyond

Written by Vinod Bhanu
In this article the author tries to compare the Original bill which got introduced and the bill
which got passed later by bringing out the consequences of the bill which got passed later
he also talked about the importance of passing the bill as bill already got denied in the past
many times according to the author “Lokpal is one of the most long-pending bills in the
history of independent India's legislative process . At least eleven distinct versions of the
Lokpal laws have been proposed since the first Lokpal bill was tabled and passed in the 4th
Lok Sabha in 1969, but all attempts have failed. The truth is that successive administrations
(mainly Congress regimes, but also futile attempts by different Janata and BJP governments)
have failed miserably to enact this law. Governments in Congress had to deal with
corruption. Finally, following a series of frauds, the UPA II administration decided to
establish the Lokpal” he also talked about various issues which is arising out of
implementation of bill like It does not allow for an investigation beyond two years after the
scam occurred; routine corruption in the defence sector will be exempt from scrutiny; harsh
penalties for frivolous complaints; no provision for recovering money or illicit gains from the
accused; dubious selection methods for Lokpal members, and so on. Apart from these bogus
provisions, the Lokpal would only have a consultative or advising function, similar to the
current Lokayuktas in the states or the failed practises of the Central Vigilance Commission,
Commissions of Inquiry Act, 1952, Comptroller Audit General, and others. I think he
explained all the points very well the comparison he did helped me in gaining knowledge
about the bill.

Article 4 :- Corruption through ages

Written by Nirmalya Biswas
In this paper Throughout history, DECEIT, DISHONESTY, CONS-piracy, and corruption have
existed. In his Arthasastra, a book on public administration originating from the fourth
century BC in India, Kautiliya penned a wonderful metaphor, "J "st as if you can't stop
yourself from eating a drop of honey or poison A government employee who has it on the
tip of his tongue can't stop himself from consuming it. even a little portion of the king's
earnings Just as it is impossible to detect fish swimming beneath the surface of the
water ,distributed as either drinkable or non-drinkable water, so government employees
working in the While accepting money from the government, they cannot be found out."
Since the 1970s, when one scandal followed another, corruption has become serious. Since
1991, the much-touted greater growth rates associated with economic liberalisation have
failed to alleviate the severity of poverty, hunger, malnutrition, social injustice, and
corruption. The first Lokpal Bill was introduced in the 4th Lok Sabha in 1968 and approved in
1969, however the Rajya Sabha did not pass it. Following that, eight Lokpal bills were
introduced in 1971, 1977, 1985, 1989, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2005, and 2008, all of which failed
to pass. Each time, the measure was sent to either a departmental standing committee or a
joint parliamentary committee after it was introduced in the house. In 2011, a series of anti-
corruption protests, rallies, and fasts were held across India in support of the Jan Lokpal Bill
(Citizen Ombudsman Bill). Anna Hazare, a well-known Gandhian social activist, began a 'fast
till death' on April 5, 2011 in Delhi's Jantar Mantar. The media picked up on the trend right
away. Thousands of people came out to show their support for Hazare's cause.
Approximately 150 individuals are said to have joined Hazare on his fast. In India, the wind is
blowing in favour of an ombudsman due to rising public-sector corruption. On April 8, 2011,
the Ministry of Law and Justice published a Gazette announcing the creation of a ten-
member Joint Drafting Committee for the bill.

Conclusion
To summarise, creating a systematic literature review is a difficult undertaking, but our step-by-step
approach will assist you in breaking the task down into more manageable phases and producing a
high-quality literature review.