7/8

Technology and
Livelihood Education
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Caregiving
(Exploratory Course)

CO_Q2_TLE 7/8_Module 5
TLE Caregiving – Grade 7/8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Caregiving (Exploratory Course)
First Edition, 2020

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do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Myren Carillo
Editors: Marilyn Bernal; Myrick Montevirgen, Rosie T. Diaz and Marife C. Guanzon
Reviewer: Amalia C. Caballes
Illustrator: Lady Lynne P. Gargoles
Layout Artist: Aida D. Nale, Ransel E. Burgos
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo
Gilbert Barrera
Arturo B. Tingson
Peter Van C. Ang-ug
Juliet F. Lastimosa
Sally A. Palomo
Gregorio O. Ruales

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region XII

Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax: (083) 2288825/(083) 2281893
E-mail Address: region12@deped.gov.ph
 7/8

Technology and
Livelihood
Education
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Caregiving
(Exploratory Course)
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 Lesson
Evaluate and Control
1 Hazards and Risks

What I Need to Know

Hi! Have you seen the latest news on COVID-19? How did you feel about it?
What are the danger that the disease imposes to the public? How does it affect
you Hello! How’s your day! I bet you have visited a hospital or eaten in a restaurant
before. What do you think is the most important goal of a business establishment?
How do they give good service to the customers?

In this module, you are going to learn how to evaluate and control hazards
and risks. You will also learn practical ways to prevent hazards and risks.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

 Evaluate and Control Hazards and Risks (TLE_HECGOS7/8-0i-j-6)

 Follow Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) procedure in dealing
with and for controlling hazards and risks;
 Establish organizational protocol in providing appropriate
assistance in workplace emergencies.

What I Know
Have you tried visiting a clinic or hospital? What are the equipment that
caregivers use to protect them from being infected with the different illnesses? To
determine what you already know in evaluating and controlling hazards and risks,
you need to answer the following questions. Write True, if the statement is correct
and False if it is incorrect.

__________1. Elimination is the best control measure for hazards and risks.

__________2. Every time a risk assessment is done, details should be recorded.

1 CO_Q2_TLE 7/8_Module 5
__________3. Turn on appliances at the same time to save time and effort on the part
of the caregiver.
__________4. A mask is still safe to use even if it is wet.
__________5. Controlling hazards and risks, it means settling on the measure that
will solve the trouble most successfully.
__________6. Occupational health and safety is the promotion of health and safety
of every working individual.
__________7. Human wastes should be discarded in the street.
__________8. Hazards should be controlled to prevent workers from being exposed
to occupational hazards.
__________9. Engineering control means removing the hazards completely.
__________10. Hand washing is the first line of defense against the spread of
illnesses.

How did you find the activity? Did the activity awaken your mind? Now, let’s
move on to the next task! Match the picture in Column A with that of the description
in Column B. Write the letter before the number.

Column A Column B

1. A. It is used to protect the

hands from contamination.

2. B. It protects a caregiver’s
clothing from contamination

3. C. This may be used when

gown is not available.

4. D. It shields the caregiver’s

eyes from impact hazards.

5. E. It is used to avoid droplets of

saliva from reaching other
people.

2 CO_Q2_TLE 7/8_Module 5
 What’s In

How are you doing so far? I bet you are excited of our next activities.
With our current situation, I’m sure you are aware of the hazards and risks
of the COVID-19 pandemic. Can you give at least three practical ways to prevent
the spread of the disease?

Ways to prevent
the spread of
COVID-19

3 CO_Q2_TLE 7/8_Module 5
 What’s New

How is it going? I hope you are now curious about the next activities.

Activity 1: ALWAYS BE CAREFUL!

Direction: Read and study the situation carefully. Then answer the questions
based on the situation given.

Case Study:
On December 20, 2011, Velanie Lopez was working in the kitchen to prepare an
apple and watermelon smoothie for her client. Paper towels or floor mops were
not in sight. When she left the kitchen, another caregiver named Rafael went
inside to prepare a meal. The next day, Velanie found out that Rafael was
brought to a hospital.

Situation:

The blender which Velanie used on December 20 was found in the kitchen still
plugged in the outlet. There was a spill on the floor which seems to be a fruit
shake.

The Accident:
After Rafael finished his client’s meal, he hurriedly went out of the kitchen
moving his way through the floor where the spill was situated. He badly fell on
the floor and heavily bumped his head.

Questions

1. What do you think were the reasons which caused this accident to happen?
2. How could this accident have been prevented?
3. Who is to blame in this scenario, Velanie or Rafael? Defend your answer.

4 CO_Q2_TLE 7/8_Module 5
 What Is It

What have you learned from the activities? I know you are excited to learn new
things about evaluating and controlling of hazard and risk. Read the information
below then find out how much you can learn.

Occupational Health and Safety

Occupational Health and Safety is the campaign and maintenance of the well-
being of workers in every occupation. It talks about providing a safe working
environment to achieve an injury-free workplace and a healthy atmosphere that
protects every worker against illness. As an effect, it may also protect co-workers,
family members, clients, and other members of the community who are affected by
the workplace environment.

EVALUATING HAZARDS AND RISKS

Evaluating hazards and risks is the process of determining the level of risk
created by the hazard and the likelihood of injury or illness occurring. Most of the
time, simple measures can be done, with no trouble, to control risks. An example
of this is making sure that cabinet drawers are kept closed so that people do not
trip.

Needless to say, the concern for control increases as the recognized level of
risk increases. A person identifying the risk of harm or injury from a hazard in a
nursing home or day care should consider these questions:

• how likely it is that a hazard will cause harm;

• how serious that harm is likely to be;

• how often (and how many) workers are exposed.

It is a must that you have a record of every risk assessment done. If a certain
accident or damage happens again, it might be that you will trace back the original
records to check if the assessment overlooked a potential hazard. Assessing or
evaluating the hazards and risks is crucial in making a decision on the mode of
control to be used.

5 CO_Q2_TLE 7/8_Module 5
CONTROL HAZARDS AND RISKS
It is possible that workplace hazards can be controlled by a variety of methods.
Of course, the very reason why hazards should be controlled is to prevent workers
from being exposed to occupational hazards. Hazard control comes in different
processes. But one method may be more effective than the others.
When we speak of controlling hazards and risks, it means settling on the
measure that will solve the trouble most successfully. There are five major categories
of control measures: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative
controls and personal protective equipment.

1. Eliminating a hazard means removing it completely.

2. Substitution is replacing or substituting a hazardous agent or work
process with a less dangerous one.
3. An engineering control may mean changing a piece of machinery (for
example, using proper machine guards) or a work process to reduce
exposure to a hazard.
4. An administrative control may mean working a limited number of hours
in a hazardous area is an example of an administrative control (for
example, job rotation)
5. Personal Protective Equipment includes ear and eye protection,
respirators and protective clothing.

Obviously, the best method of controlling hazards and risks is through

elimination. That is to take away or to get rid of the hazard. However, more often
than not, this is not possible. So, employers make use of any of the remaining
control measures. The general rule is that the use of personal protective equipment
(PPE) should be the last alternative in controlling hazards and risks in a workplace.
Although it is said that the best method of control measure is through elimination
of hazards, a very good technique for a safe and healthy environment is through the
utilization of a combination of methods.

PRACTICAL WAYS TO PREVENT HAZARDS AND RISKS

A. Closer Look at Electricity

As common sense dictates, you have to ensure that all electrical equipment you use
is in good condition.

• Check electrical cords and make sure they are not frayed.
• Your hands should be dry before attempting to use any electrical equipment.
• Do not attempt to change fuses unless you know what you are doing.
• Do not turn on all appliances at the same time just because you want to save
time.

6 CO_Q2_TLE 7/8_Module 5
Use of Personal Protective Equipment

Caregivers should religiously abide by the following to prevent biological

hazards from happening:

• Wear gown that is long enough to

cover your clothing. Because the
outside of the gown is considered
contaminated, this should not be
touched when it is removed. A
gown that is wet is, of course,
considered contaminated also. A
caregiver should wear a clean gown
every client care.

• In case the gown is not available,

apron should be worn to mask
clothing during client contact.

• Masks should fit comfortably over

the nose and mouth. The same
with a gown or apron, a wet mask
is considered contaminated. The
front of the mask is also
contaminated. Masks should not
be worn around the neck. For each
client contact, a clean mask should
be used.
• Gloves should be used when issue
on contamination is present. Also,
when a caregiver has open wound
on the hands, it is a must that
he/she use gloves. The outside of
the gloves should not be touched
when removed as this is considered
contaminated.
• Safety goggles are intended to shield
the caregiver’s eyes from impact
hazards such as flying fragments,
objects, large chips, and particles.
Goggles fit the face immediately
surrounding the eyes and form a
protective seal around the eyes. This
prevents objects from entering under
or around the goggles.

7 CO_Q2_TLE 7/8_Module 5
Disposal of Health Care Wastes

In order to reduce the burden of disease, health care wastes should be

managed appropriately. Whether a caregiver is working in a hospital, a day care, or
even at home, proper discarding of medical wastes should be of great consideration.

Human waste products. Obviously, these wastes should be flushed down

the toilet without delay and should not be discarded in the street or in any public
places.

Blood and bloody fluids. These must be removed right away. It is best if
they can be directly flushed down the toilet. If clothes are contaminated, they should
be washed separately using hot water and should be dried. Dressings with blood
need to be double-bagged in plastic and disposed of based on existing community
or local rules.

Needles (sharps). Sharps should be kept in a container which is not easy

to pierce like metal (coffee can). Some items may be kept while some should be
discarded right away. It is advisable to discuss with the supervisor for the best
disposal method.

Medical equipment. If the equipment is contaminated, it should be thrown

away. It is ideal that the equipment be double-bagged and disposed of based on the
existing regulations in the community. Also, this should be discussed with the
immediate supervisor as to whether or not the said equipment can be kept or should
be disposed of already.

Proper Handwashing

As you touch people, tables, chairs, books, sinks, handrails, and other
objects and surfaces, there is a possibility that you contaminate your hands. The
germs that have accumulated when touching things may be the means for you to
get sick and spread illness to others. The importance of hand washing comes in. It
is by far the best and simplest way to prevent germs from spreading and to keep
the people around you from getting sick. Though it is said that hand washing is
the first line of defense against the spread of illnesses, you should be aware of the
proper way of doing it. Otherwise, you may just be wasting your time doing it
because you do not really wipe out what should be eliminated. The following steps
will help you in performing proper hand washing to rid yourself of germs in no time.

8 CO_Q2_TLE 7/8_Module 5
 1. Prepare your materials before washing your hands: paper towel, bar or liquid
soap.
2. Turn on the faucet and wet wrists and hands thoroughly. Use a generous
amount of soap.
3. Rub your hands together and between fingers. Be sure to use friction when
washing as this helps in cleaning your hands. Do not forget the surface of
your hands, palms, the spaces within the fingers and above the wrists. Do
this process for at least 20 seconds.
You might want to sing ―happy birthday‖ twice slowly to make sure you
attained the minimum number of seconds in washing your hands.
4. Clean your nails by rubbing the soap lather through them. If your nails are
long (it is advisable that health care workers do not grow their nails long), use
a soft stick or the nails of the other hand to remove the dirt under them.
5. Rinse your hands thoroughly under running water. Remember to rinse from
above the wrist down to the fingers.
6. Use a paper towel to dry hands and discard immediately.
7. Use a new paper towel to close faucet being careful not to contaminate your
hands. This paper towel should be discarded right away.

Put a Stop to Ergonomic Hazard

Efficient control measures are now being utilized by employers to avoid

ergonomic hazards among health care workers. Manual handling of patients, for
example, has become less stressful due to some paraphernalia being used that
facilitate the task. Adjustable height work stations, improved tool design, and
adjusted work pace are now part of a worker’s life. Unfortunately, ergonomic hazard
effects continue to happen. Why? At times, the workers themselves invite these
hazards due to the wrong way they do their tasks. Conscious or not, they have to
examine their work routine and consider these simple rules:

• Avoid twisting the body.

• Bend knees if it is needed.
• Avoid too much stretching when reaching for something.
• Use a ladder when reaching for hard-to-reach materials or objects.
• Ask for help from someone if the task cannot be done by one person.

CAREGIVERS’ ACCOUNTABILITY

A caregiver has to have a sense of duty for her own health and safety at work.
She has the responsibility, therefore, to follow safety instructions in the workplace.
In addition, he/she has to use tools, equipment and paraphernalia with care. When
hazards or injuries happen, the caregiver must report the same to the person in
charge or directly to the immediate supervisor. Although a health worker’s concern
primarily focuses on his/her safety, he/she has to take all reasonable care not to put
other people at risk. After all, a caregiver gives care not only to the client but also to
co-workers, supervisors, and the people within the working environment.

9 CO_Q2_TLE 7/8_Module 5
 What’s More

Now, let’s see if you know the different categories of control measure. Listed
below are the examples of control measures. Identify the following whether it is
eliminating, substitution, administrative control, engineering control or Personal
Protective Equipment. Write your answer on the blanks provided before the number.

Activity 1. “Control Me”

___________ 1. Shifting job schedules

___________ 2. Using proper machine guards

___________ 3. Replacing hazardous agent

___________ 4. Removing hazards

___________ 5. Using protective clothing

Activity 2. “Follow After Me”

Listed are steps of proper hand washing. Arrange the steps in sequential
order by numbering each sentence from 1-10.
_____ 1. Rub the surface of your hands, palms, the spaces within the fingers and
above the wrists. Do this process for at least 20 seconds.
_____ 2. Use a paper towel to dry hands and discard immediately.
_____ 3. Prepare your materials before washing your hands: paper towel, bar or
liquid soap.
_____ 4. Use a generous amount of soap to lather hands.
_____ 5. Turn on the faucet.
_____ 6. Wet wrists and hands thoroughly.
_____ 7. Clean your nails by rubbing the soap later through them.
_____ 8. Rinse your hands thoroughly under running water. Remember to rinse
from above the wrist down to the fingers.
_____ 9. Use a new paper towel to close faucet being careful not to contaminate
your hands. This paper towel should be discarded right away.
_____ 10. Rub your hands together and between fingers. Be sure to use friction
when washing as this helps in cleaning your hands.

10 CO_Q2_TLE 7/8_Module 5
 What I Have Learned

Now, let’s find out how much you know about evaluating and controlling
hazards and risks. Let’s summarize our lesson from the very start by answering the
following questions. Read and analyze the following questions.
__________ 1. Equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards.
__________ 2. It is the best and simplest way to prevent germs from spreading.
__________ 3. Replacing a hazardous agent or work process with a less dangerous
one.
__________ 4. A hazard that means removing it completely.
__________ 5. Wastes generated at health care facilities, such as hospitals and
laboratories.
__________ 6. It means a work process to reduce exposure to a hazard.
__________ 7. A procedure that lessen the threat to a hazard to an individual.
__________ 8. The presence and flow of electric charge.
__________ 9. Occur when a caregiver’s nature of work, body position and working
conditions put pressure on his/her body.
__________ 10. The fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins
of a vertebrate animal carrying nourishment and oxygen to and
bringing away waste products from all parts of the body.

What I Can Do

Now, it’s about time to practice our knowledge in real life situations. Let’s
answer the following questions below.

1. Your younger sister has severe cough and colds. What will you do to protect
yourself from being contaminated?

2. You noticed that you feel dizzy after twelve hours of using your cellphone.
What will be the best way to protect you from getting sick? What are the
protocols that parents should make in using gadgets?

11 CO_Q2_TLE 7/8_Module 5
 Assessment

Wow! You have answered all the activities. Let’s test what you have learned
from the very start of our lesson. Read carefully and answer the questions below.

A. Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is incorrect.

__________1. Providing improved tools and equipment to workers to prevent
hazard is an example of engineering control.
__________2. Proper hand washing is the first line of defense against the spread
of illness to other people.
__________3. A wet gown is still safe to use even if it is wet.
__________4. Twisting the body when doing a task is important to avoid ergonomic
hazard.
__________5. The best method of control measure is through substitution.

B. Directions: Identify the following control measures. Write your answer on the
space provided.
__________ 6. It means removing it completely.
__________ 7. It is replacing or substituting a hazardous agent.
__________ 8. It includes ear and eye protection respirators and protective
clothing.
__________ 9. It may mean changing a piece of machinery.
__________ 10. It means working in a limited number of hours.

C. Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer.

11. What is the first step in doing proper handwashing?

A. Rub your hands together and between fingers.
B. Prepare your materials: paper towel, bar or liquid soap.
C. Use a paper towel to dry hands and discard immediately.
D. Turn on the faucet and wet wrists and hands thoroughly.

12. Which of the following is NOT an example of Personal Protective Equipment

used by caregiver?
A. gloves C. surgical gown
B. hard hat D. medical mask

13. What should a caregiver do to prevent ergonomic hazard?

A. Twist the body.
B. Bend your back in reaching object on the floor.
C. Use a ladder when reaching for hard-to-reach materials or objects.
D. Stretch the body when reaching for something.

12 CO_Q2_TLE 7/8_Module 5
14. Which of the following is the proper way of discarding medical wastes?
A. Human wastes should be discarded in public places.
B. Dressings with blood can be bagged in plastic.
C. Sharps should be kept in a container which is not easy to pierce like
metal.
D. If the medical equipment is contaminated, it should be kept at home.

15. What will you do to check the electrical equipment you are using is in good
condition?
A. Turn on all appliances at the same time just because you want to save
time.
B. Change the fuse of electrical equipment.
C. Your hands should be wet before attempting to use any electrical
equipment.
D. Check electrical cords and make sure they are not frayed.

Additional Activities

Congratulations! You’ve come this far. I hope you’ve learned a lot from this
module. Now for your additional activities, read and analyze the situations.

Directions: Answer the situations and give one way to prevent hazards and risks.

Hazards and risks Ways to prevent hazards and risks

1. Busted fuse at home

2. Frayed electrical wiring in the

laboratory

3. Flat iron not in good condition

4. Family member with communicable

disease

5. Too much use of gadgets

13 CO_Q2_TLE 7/8_Module 5
CO_Q2_TLE 7/8_Module 5 14
What I Have
What I Know What’s More Assessment
Learned
Pretest 1.1 Activity 1. “Control Me” A.
1. True 1. Administrative control 1. Personal 1. True
2. True 2. Engineering control Protective 2. True
3. False 3. Substitution Equipment 3. False
4. False 4. Elimination 2. Handwashing 4. True
5. True 5. Personal Protective 3. Substitution 5.False
6. True Equipment 4. Elimination
B.
7. False Activity 2.” Follow 5. Medical waste
6.Elimination
8. True after Me” 6. engineering 7.Substitution
9. False 1. 6 control 8.Personal Protective
10. True 2. 9 7. Administrative Equipment
3. 1 control 9.Engineering control
Pretest 1.2 4. 4 8. electricity 10.Administrative control
1. B 5. 2 9. ergonomic
2. A 6. 3 hazard C.
3. E 7. 7 10.blood 11.A
4. C 8. 8 12.D
5. D 9. 10 13.C
10. 5 14.C
15.D
Answer Key
References

A. Book

Cruz, W., n.d. K To 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood

Education Learning Module- Caregiving Exploratory Course Grade 7 And Grade 8.

B. Electronic Source

http://www.depedbataan.com/resources/9/k_to_12_caregiving_learning_modules.
pdf, Accessed 14 May 2020.

15 CO_Q2_TLE 7/8_Module 5
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

16 CO_Q2_TLE 7/8_Module 5