汉语会话班

dì yī kè dǎ zhāohu

【第一课 打招呼】

CIC 1 打招呼 2021 版权所有 侵权必究/ Hak milik terpelihara/ All right reserved.
The differences between English and Chinese

「中文」不只是我们今天听到的「普通话」，而是涵盖了各地的方言
例如：吴方言、粤方言和闽方言。北京话，也就是我们今天说的普通
话，是今天在中国各地最为广泛使用的标准语，超过百分之七十的中
国人能够说普通话。

Introduction: There is not one single Chinese language, but many

different versions or dialects including Wu, Cantonese and
Taiwanese. Northern Chinese, also known as Mandarin, is the
mother tongue of about 70% of Chinese speakers and is the
accepted written language for all Chinese. Belonging to two different
language families, English and Chinese have many significant
differences. This makes learning English a serious challenge for
Chinese native speakers.

字母
中文并不是一种拼音文字，而是以图像式的文字来表意，是目前世界
上少数仅存的象形文字系统。也因为这种差异性，使得中文学习者在
汉字认读和学习上面对很大的困难。

Alphabet: Chinese does not have an alphabet but uses a

logographic system for its written language. In logographic systems
symbols represent the words themselves - words are not made up of
various letters as in alphabetic systems. Because of this fundamental
difference, foreign learners may have great difficulty reading Chinese
texts and writing words correctly.

音韵
英文的拼音系统造成了中文学习者的学习困难，英文的某些发音在中
文里并不存在；重音和声调系统都是不同的，然而跟英语不同的是，
中文是一个声调语言。这也表示中文必须靠音高来分辨词义，而英文
的音高则用于表现情绪，而没有因为音高而出现不同词义的问题。

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Phonology: Most aspects of the English phonological system cause
difficulties for Chinese learners. Some English phonemes do not
exist in Chinese; stress and intonation patterns are different. Unlike
English, Chinese is a tone language. This means that it uses the pitch
(highness or lowness) of a phoneme sound to distinguish word
meaning. In English, changes in pitch are used to emphasize or
express emotion, not to give a different word meaning to the sound.
Here are some typical mistakes:

1. 水饺 shuǐjiǎo 睡觉 shuìjiào
2. 看书 kànshū 砍树 kǎnshù
3. 好吗 hǎoma 号码 hàomǎ
4. 大人 dàrén 打人 dǎrén
5. 火车 huǒchē 货车 huòchē

Grammar - Verb/Tense: In English much information is carried by

the use of auxiliaries and by verb
inflections: is/are/were, eat/eats/ate/eaten, etc. Chinese, on the
other hand, is an uninflected language and conveys meaning through
word order, adverbials or shared understanding of the context. The
concept of time in Chinese is not handled through the use of different
tenses and verb forms, as it is in English. For all these reasons it is
not surprising that Chinese learners have trouble with the
complexities of the English verb system. In the other hand, English
learners have trouble with the Chinese adverb, auxiliary word and
particle which has not real meaning but very important in a sentence.

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Here are some typical mistakes:

wǒ míngtiān hé māma qù chī wǎncān le。

● 我 明天 和 妈妈 去 吃 晚餐 了。
(I have dinner with mother tomorrow night. -- wrong particle
“了” which express the completion of action)

wǒ shì gāoxìng。
● 我 是 高兴。(I am glad. -- In Chinese normally will use
adverb of degree instead of verb to be in front of adjective.)

jīntiān tiānqì shì hěn rè。

● 今天 天气 是 很 热。(The weather today is hot. -- In
Chinese normally will use adverb of degree instead of verb to
be in front of adjective.)

wǒ shàngkè zài xuéxiào。

● 我 上课 在 学校。(Wrong word order of preposition
“在”)

wǒmen yìqǐ qù kàn diànyǐng zuótiān wǎnshang。

● 我们 一起 去 看 电影 昨天 晚上。(We went for
movie together last night. -- Word order mistake, in Chinese
we put the time just before or after subject.)

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 kèwén (yī) Text 1
课文（一）

lǎoshī níhǎo!
：
老师 你 好!

XiǎoMíng nínhǎo!
：
小明 您 好!

lǎoshī nǐ jiào shénme míngzì?

：
老师 你 叫 什么 名字?

XiǎoMíng wǒ jiào ChénXiǎoMíng。

：
小明 我 叫 陈小明。

shēngcí (yī) Vocabulary 1

生词(一)

níhǎo nín you(polite)

01 hello 02 pron.
你好 您 kamu (hormat)
nǐ you wǒ I, me
03 pron. 04 pron.
你 kamu 我 aku, saya
to call,
jiào shénme what
05 v. to be called 06 pron.
叫 什么 apa
panggil
míngzì name
07 n.
名字 nama

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kèwén (èr) Text 2
课文（二）

XiǎoMíng ： nǐ jiào shénme míngzì?

小明 你叫 什么 名字?

ĀLǐ ： wǒ jiào ĀLǐ。

阿里 我 叫 阿里。

XiǎoMíng ： xièxie nǐ!

小明 谢谢你!

ĀLǐ ： búkèqi!
阿里 不客气!

XiǎoMíng ： zàijiàn!
小明 再见!

ĀLǐ ： zàijiàn!
阿里 再见!

Shēngcí(èr) Vocabulary 2
生词（二）
xièxie to thank bù no, not
01 v. 02 adv.
谢谢 terima kasih 不 bukan, tidak
you're welcome,
búkèqi zàijiàn goodbye
03 don't mention it 04 v.
不客气 再见 jumpa lagi
sama-sama

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 cāi yi cāi Warm-up
猜一猜

A B

C D

níhǎo!
A： 你 好！
1
níhǎo! □
B： 你 好！
duìbuqǐ!
A： 对不起！
2
méiguānxi! □
B： 没关系！

nínhǎo!
A： 您 好！
3 nǐmenhǎo! □
B： 你们 好！

zàijiàn!
A： 再见！
4
zàijiàn! □
B： 再见！

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 HànYǔ pīnyīn Phonetic
汉语 拼音

1. 汉语拼音 HànYǔ pīnyīn (Phonetic system) :

拼音，或汉语拼音，是一套用拉丁字母为汉字记音的标音系统。拼音
经常作为标准中文教学之用，在国外的刊物上也经常以不带声调的拼
音方式拼写中文名字。现在拼音也是一种非常普遍的汉字输入法。

Pin Yin, or HanYu Pinyin, is the official phonetic system for

transcribing the Mandarin pronunciations of Chinese characters into
the Latin alphabet. It is often used to teach Standard Chinese and a
Pinyin without diacritic markers is often used in foreign publication to
spell Chinese names familiar to non-Chinese and also used as an
input method to enter Chinese characters into computers.

2. 声母和韵母 shēngmǔ hé yùnmǔ (Initials and Finals)

声母 Initials

b p m f
d t n l
g k h
j q x y
z c s w
zh ch sh r

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韵母 Finals
i u ü
单韵母 a ia ua
Simple Finals o uo
e ie üe
ai uai
复韵母 ei uei
Compound Finals ao iao
ou iou
an ian uan üan
en in uen ün
鼻韵母
ang iang uang
Nasal finals
eng ing ueng
ong iong

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3. 声调 （四声）shēngdiào (Four Tones)

汉语的基本声调有四个，分别是第一声(55)、第二声(35)、第三声
(214)和第四声(51)。汉语的声调有区别意义的作用。
There are four basic tones in Chinese, respectively called the 1st
tone (55), the 2nd tone (35), the 3rd tone (214) and the 4th tone (51).
They make difference in meaning.

Tone Mark Read

1st high and level. It’s near the top of your comfortable
─
第一声 voice range.
Starts around the middle of your voice range and
2nd
／ rises straight toward the level of the first tone. Do not
第二声
let it sag.
Starts near the bottom of your comfortable voice
range, proceeds to reach the bottom, then turns
3rd upward to end above the middle. Thinking of this rise
V at the end, many students make the mistake of not
第三声
reaching the very bottom of their range at the
beginning. You must think low in pronouncing the
third tone.
4th Starts at the top of your comfortable range (same as
＼
第四声 the First Tone), then drop quickly to the bottom.

Neutral (Shown by the absence of a tone mark) is unstressed

and takes a feeble tone in the middle of your voice
轻声
range.

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4. 汉语音节 HànYǔ yīnjié (Chinese Syllables)

汉语的音节一般由声母，韵母和声调三部分组成。一般来说，一个汉字对
应一个音节。汉言的一个音节可以没有声母，但是一定要有韵母和声调。
A Chinese syllable is usually made up of an initial, a final and a tone.
Generally speaking, one Chinese character corresponds to one
syllable. A Chinese syllable can have no initial but must have a final
and a tone.

V
tone
initial final h ao

汉语的音节 声母 韵母 声调
Syllable Initial Final Tone
_
māo (猫,cat) m ao

yú (鱼,fish) ü /
jiě (姐,elder sister) j ie V
èr (二,two) er \

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一、看图片，朗读下列单音节词语。
Look at the pictures and read the monosyllabic words aloud.

yī 衣 wǔ 五 yú 鱼 ěr 耳

bǐ 笔 māo 猫 dǎo 岛 huā 花

jī 鸡 qī 七 xié 鞋 xuě 雪

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二、连一连 Match the pictures with the words.

shénme míngzì
什么 ◎ 名字 ◎
xièxie duìbuqǐ níhǎo
谢谢 ◎ 对不起◎ 你好 ◎

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 huódòng Activity
活动

两人一组，跟对方打招呼，并询问对方的名字。
Work in pairs and greeting to your partner, ask her/his name.

lìrú:
例如：

níhǎo, nǐ jiào shénme míngzì?

A: 你好，你 叫 什么 名字？

wǒ jiào ........。
B: 我 叫 ........。

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