NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING

English Language Department

Civil Engineering

Final Test -English II

Name: melenin noemi palacios quintero

Date: tuesday , 24th november Group: IC-14D

Process of Treating Wastewater

EXERCISE I: Highlight the best alternative to form the correct perfect tense you
find in the text. (3 pts.)

1. Wastewater civil engineers are the chief developers of the infrastructure that
recycles one of the most important natural resources in many countries. This
infrastructure is quite innovative and complex, often requiring a great deal of thought
and planning to make sure it properly uses its natural surroundings. Training is an
important aspect of successful
wastewater infrastructure planning and
management. In order to work as wastewater
civil engineers, professionals (has/have)
needed to go through extensive training to
receive the necessary certifications and
licensing requirements needed for managing
such an important infrastructure.

2. There is a dire need for sewers to be emptied owing to the increasing use of water
by people. Therefore, treatment is essential. It ensures the water released into the local
water ways such as rivers is safe and clean with an aim of ensuring it does
not cause harm to the people or the aquatic life. To ensure the waste water is clean
and safe, there are various steps involved in the treatment process. These include:

3. The pre-treatment is a very important step just before the actual treatment. It (has/have)
developed two moments with the first one involving screening of large materials such as
bottles, cans, logs and rags. The second part uses a comminutor which is a mechanical
device that has cutting edges that reduce solids to smaller particles.

4. After this, the water passes through the grit chamber where the smaller solid materials
such as sand, and broken glass are removed. This step is essential since it prevents the
entry of large waste material into the water treatment plant leading to clogging or
blockages.

5. All the treatment involves the Screening is the first stage of the wastewater treatment
process. Screening removes large objects like, tube benders, nappies, sanitary items,
cotton buds, face wipes and even broken bottles, bottle tops, plastics and rags that may
block or damage equipment. Special equipment is also used to remove grit that gets
washed into the sewer. The main difference between water and wastewater Water deal
with the inflow of city water to your property. Wastewater is the outflow of sewage from
your property that will eventually end up in the sewer system.

6. In the Primary Treatment is involved the separation of organic solid matter (or human
waste) from the wastewater. This is done by putting the wastewater into large settlement
tanks for the solids to sink to the bottom of the tank. The settled solids are called ‘sludge’.
At the bottom of these circular tanks, large scrappers continuously scrape the floor of the
tank and push the sludge towards the center where it is pumped away for further treatment.
The rest of the water is then moved to the Secondary treatment.
7. The water, at this secondary treatment stage, is putted into large rectangular tanks.
These are called aeration lanes. Air is pumped into the water to encourage bacteria to
break down the tiny bits of sludge that escaped the sludge scrapping process.

8. Next, the ‘almost’ treated wastewater is passed through a settlement tank. Here, more
sludge is formed at the bottom of the tank from the settling of the bacterial action. The
water at this stage is almost free from harmful substances and chemicals. The water is
allowed to flow over a wall where it is filtered through a bed of sand to remove any
additional particles. The filtered water (has/ have) then released into the river.

Vocabulary:
1. Dire: terrible 6.aeration lanes: carriles de alineacion
2. Sewers: alcantarillas 7.Scraped: raspado
3. Aim: objetivo 8. Grit: arena
4. Settlement: asentamiento 9. Scraped:raspado
5. Clogging or blockages: obstrucciones o bloqueos 10. Released: liberado
EXERCISE II: Based on the text write the number of the step on the
corresponding picture (4 pts.)
EXERCISE III: Identify in the reading comparisons and contrast Then , explain
them in the following chart ( 3 pts.)
EXERCISE IV: write a short paragraph about: The impact of “Greenhouse effect” (3 pts.)
Use these words in your writing: gases, sunlight, atmosphere, carbon dioxide

The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that is beneficial for us. This occurs due to the rise in
temperature of the atmosphere that occurs as a result of the concentration in the atmosphere of
gases, mainly carbon dioxide; Certain gases present in the atmosphere retain part of the thermal
radiation emitted by the earth's surface after being heated by sunlight, keeping the planet's
temperature at an adequate level for the development of life.

EXERCISE IV: Read the paragraph below and identifyit. Write its name on the line (2 pts.)

Writing a Skit for English

Follow these four steps to write a script for a performance in English class. First, get into a
group of three or four students. Next, choose the vocabulary you want to use. Then write a
conversation around the vocabulary you have chosen. Finally, have your teacher check the
grammar. When you have finished, you will have an excellent short play that you can feel
confident putting on in front of your classmates and teacher.

Type of paragraph explanatory