Poster Presentation of Metabolism of Minerals

KHULNA UNIVERSITY
Chem-3111(B)
Group-1 CHEMISTRY DISCIPLINE
Introduction: Minerals are very important for the human body and essential for the proper function of Chlorine(Cl)
cells, tissues, and organs. The minerals are classified as principle elements & trace elements.The principle or SOURCES: Common salt as cooking medium,whole grain, leafy vegetables, eggs,milk.
Macro& micro minerals like as Ca,P,Mg,Na,K,Cl&S. Metabolism refers to all the physical and chemical Dietary Requirements: 5-10g
BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS OF CHLORINE
processes in the body that create and use energy, such as:
• Chlorine (Cl) is the principal anion in extracellular fluid (ECF).
 Breathing

Minerals in the Body

Cl also is a major determinant of the osmotic pressure of ECF.
 Circulating blood • The Cl concentration of ECF is subject to more variation than that of Na
 Digesting food and nutrients • Chlorine is also involved in respiration
 Eliminating waste through urine and feces • Cl is the chief anion of the gastric secretions in the acidifies the
 Regulating temperature • The enzyme salivary amylase is activated by chloride.
Absorption&Excertion
Phosphorus(P)  Cl enters rumen with saliva → transported across the rumen epithelium into the mucosal coupled
source as-Milk,Meat,Eggs,leafy vegetables etc. with Na→Cl is secreted by the epithelial cells of the omasum.
Biochemical Function  Also secreted into the gut content by parietal cells.
• Gives rigidity to bones and teeth.  Chloride may be transported by several mechanisms such as Na/Cl and Na/K/2Cl co-transporters
• Maintain Blood PH. or by Cl/HCO3 exchangers.
• Forms a part of DNA,RNA,Phospholipid &Nucleotides.  There exists a parallel relationship between excertion of chloride and sodium. The renal threshold
for Cl- is about 110 mEq/l.
• In regulation of glycolysis and energy metabolism.
Disease:
Absorption&Excretion Hypochloremia: when Cl- concentration level decrease.
 Phosphate absorbed in the mid jejunum Hyperchloremia: when Cl- concentration level increase.
 enter blood stream via portal circulation.
 Regulated by active vitamin D(calcitriol).
 Absorbtion of P and Ca is optimum
Diseases Cereals, nuts , beans,
Hyperparathyroidism
Sources
500 mg excreted through urine per day. vegetables,meat ,milk,
 Renel theresold is 2 mg/dl. Rickets,Hypoparathyroidism Metabolism Of
Magnesium Mg
fruits are the source

Potassium(K)
Sources: Banana,orange,chicken,and liver,tender coconut water
Dietary Requirement: 3-4 g per day. Formation of bones and teeth
Absorption: Serves as a cofactor for several enzymes requiring ATP.
from GI- tract very efficient (90%) . Necessary for proper neuromuscular function.
In diarrhea-good proportion of k+ is lost in feces. Needed for more than 300 biochemical reactions in the body.
Excretion: helps adjust blood glucose levels.
Supports a healthy immune system, keeps the heartbeat steady.
• Through urine.
• Aldosterone increases excretion of potassium.
Biochemical functions:
o Maintains intracellular osmotic pressure. Absorption
o required for the regulation of acid base balance and water balance in the cells.
o pyruvate kinase is dependent on k+ for optical activity. When the dietary content of
Disease states: Hypokalemia,Hyperkalemia magnesium is typical,
approximately 30-40% is
absorbed
Metabolism Source : Common salt-NaCl,
of Bread, whole grains, nut
Sodium(Na) ,egg,milk. Dietary Requirements:
Adult man – 350 mg/day
Adult women – 300 mg/day
Dietary Requirements Disease:
Causes neuromuscular irritation.
Weakness and convulsion. Excretion:
For low level of magnesium causes 100 m mole/24h of Mg is
Sodium taken as in the form of NaCl uremia, rickets. filtered and only 3 m
macrominerals, 50% present •5-10g/day NaCl provide required amount of Na. mole/24h is excreted
•10g of NaCl contain 4gm Na
in bones, 40% extra cellular •Hypertension patients should limit their intake of Sulfur(S)
fluid, 10% in the soft tissue. NaCl & it is 1gm/day Source:onion, almond, soybeans, whole egg, dried fruit, oats, coconut
milk, mustard etc.
Biochemical functions:
•Structural conformation and biological function of protein are sulfur containing
amino acid
Kindey is the major route .
•Thiamine, biotin, lipolic acid contain sulfur
Diseses

Sodium metabolism influenced by Biological

aldosterone . •Essential for insulin production
99% reabsorbed by renal tubules Functions Excretion •Synthesis of glycosaminoglycans utilize active sulfur
and 800gNa/day filtered by •In transmethylation reaction sulfur containing amino acid involved
glomeruli Absorption&Excertion:
Hyponatremia Alternatively excreted out through •Organic sulfates ingested as in protein.
Hypernatrema skin sweating
•Sulfur containing amino acids absorbed by active transport.
•Inorganic sulfates converted in liver to conjugate sulfate and absorbed.
sulfur oxidixed in liver to SO3 and excerted in urine.
Calcium(Ca) Disease: Deficiency of sulfur causes acne, arthritis, memory loss, slow wound
Disease healing
Sources:
Iron(Fe) Metabolism
Overview…
Sources: Organ meats(liver, heart, kidney), leafy
vegetables, fruits, molasses, milk, wheat, fish, wheat.
Biochemical functions:
Iron mainly exerts its function through hemoglobin and
myoglobin which are required for the transport of O2 and
CO2.
Cytochromes are necessary for ETC and oxidative
phosphorylation.
Peroxidase is required for phagocytosis.
Iron associated with effective immune-competence of the
body.
Excertion: Iron is a one way substance which is not
exceed into urine. It is utilized and reutilized by body by
minimal losses( 1 mg/day).
Disease: Iron deficiency causes Anemia when
excessive iron causes Hemosiderosis

Biological Function of Contribution:191801-Ca,191802-P,191803-Mg,191804-

Calcium Na,191805-K,191806-Cl &(poster making),191807-Fe