Gases Time allocation: 10.5 min 6 Amixture of three gases with the composition by volume of 40% nitrogen, 10% ‘oxygen and 50% hydrogen in a 10 dm® vessel, exerts a pressure of 6 atm at 10°C. [Molar gas constant, R = 8.31 J K* mot] (a) Calculate the partial pressure of the hydrogen gas. tt Partial pressure of hydrogen gas = mole fraction of H, x total pressure = 0.5 x6 = 3.00 atm [1 (b) In an experiment, a certain amount of nitrogen gas is injected into the vessel to increase the total pressure to 8 atm, calculate the number of moles of nitrogen gas that has to be injected to attain this new total pressure, without changing the volume of the vessel, 2 Using [PV = nT} Original no. of moles of gas in vessel = PV/RT _6x1.01x10*ox10") -eani0+273) = 2.5768 [1/2] (8x1.01x10° 10x10") (8.31)(10 +273) = 3.4357 [1/2] = No. of moles of gas that has to be injected = 3.4357 ~ 2.5768 = 0.859 [1] No. of moles of gas when pressure is increased to 8 atm = (c)_ Ina separate experiment, the volume of the vessel is reduced to 4 dm* at constant temperature. Calculate the new pressure of the system. 1 Using P iV: = P2V2 | at constant temperature, (6)(10) = (P)(4) New Pressure = 15.0 atm [1] fe from ideality? Explain your reasoning. (3) Real gases deviate most from ideal gas behaviour at high pressure [1/2] and low temperature. [1/2] (d)_ Under what conditions do real gases de + Athigh pressure, > volume of the container is decreased > gas particles come close together > volume occupied by the gas particles becomes significant as compared to the volume of the container Vis larger than it should be. [1/2] [1/2]> The impact of a given particle with the wall of the container is decreased > BVis smaller than it should be Time allocation: 7.5 min 7a) (b) Al low temperature, > the gas patticles possess less kinetic eneray. [1/2] > the particles tend to attract each other during collision > intermolecular forces of attraction between the gas particles become ignificant [1/2] AS Propenoic acid (M, = 72) is maintained at 1.01 x 10° Pa and 93°C. Using the ideal {gas equation, calculate the density of propenoic acid vapour under these conditions. ica) Using the ideal gas equation, PV =nRT = (mIM,) RT mV = pMJRT pe = pM/RT p= (1.01 x 10° x 72)/ (8.31) (93+273) [1] = 2.39x 10° am® [1] The measured density of propenoic acid vapour was found to be different from that calculated using the ideal gas equation. Explain the difference using your knowledge of ideal gases. (2) * Propenoic acid is a non-ideal gas / real gas [1/2] + The volume of propenoic acid molecules/particles is significant compared to volume of the container [1/2] There are significant intermolecular forces of attraction le hydrogen bonding between molecules/particles iTime allocation: 6 min PES Geeerrereee reer EEE 8 The plots of PV/RT against P for one mole of an ideal gas and one mole of SO2at 300K are given below. (2) Show, on the same axes, how one mole of CO, will behave at the same temperature of 300K. Label your graph clearly. (1) PvRT $0, (100K) [1] (from part iv) 30, (800 K) CO, (300 K) i Ideal Gas (300K) 10 (b) Explain the difference in behaviour between carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide at 300K t SO, deviates more from ideal gas behaviour as compared to COz, SO, is a polar molecule while CO, is a non-polar molecule [/] Hence, there is stronger permanent dipole-permanent dipole attractions between SO, molecules as compared to induced dipole- induced dipole attractions between CO, molecules. [14] OR Molecular size of SO. is greater than COz. [¥4] Extent of distortion of the electron cloud of SO, is greater than CO;. Hence, there is greater extent of intermolecular Van der Waal's forces of attraction of SO, than CO; [¥%](c) Explain what happens when sulphur dioxide gas is cooled to 100K. Illustrate your answer clearly on the same axes in (a). ra At lower temperature of 100K, the SOz molecules possess less Kinetic energy [¥4] and they move slower. = Thus, intermolecular forces of attraction between SOz molecules becomes significant [7] ime allocation: 3 9a) A vessel of volume 4 dm® at 16°C contains 40.6 g of an element in its gaseous state. The pressure in the vessel is 3.4 atm. Identify the element present in the vessel. 1] PV=nRT PV==RT M mRT PV 40.68.31 289 4=——————_,> 4 x1.01X10° x4x10" [2] M =71.0gmol™ The element is chlorine [1/2] (b) — Asample of non-ideal gas has a volume of 0.650dm’ at s.t.p. What is the volume of the same gas sample at r.t.p? (Ans : 0.710 dm’ ) O] At constant pressure (atm) and n, apply Charles’ Law ws T, 0.650 273-298 V;=0.710dm? (21 12)Time allocation: 7.5 min 10. Ammonia is a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals. It can react with hydrogen chloride gas according to this equation: NH (g) + HG/(g) > NH,Ci(s) (2) Atroom temperature, a 2. dm* flask that contains 0.12 mole of ammonia and another 3 dm® flask that contains a mixture of excess hydrogen chloride gas and 82.6 kPa of neon, an inert gas, are connected by a stopcock. When the stopcock is opened, the gases react till ammonia is completely consumed. () Calculate the partial pressure of neon after the stopcock is removed. PV: = PaVo (82.6)(3) = (P2)(5) [M1/2] Pz, partial pressure of neon after removal of stopcock = 49.6 kPa [1/2] (i) Given that the final pressure of the system is 99.0 kPa. Calculate the initial number of moles of hydrogen chloride gas before the stopcock is opened. (4) Since HCIis in excess, => Partial pressure of HCliscass = 93.0 ~ 49.6 [M1/2] 3.4 kPa [1/2] Using PV = nRT 48400 x 0.005 no. of moles of HCless= 3314x208 [M12] = 0.0876 [1/2] HC heactes = NH Initial no. of moles of HC! No. of Moles Of HClexcess + NO. Of Moles Of HCheccies [M1/2] 0.12 + 0.0878 0.208 [1/2](b) Using the same axes, sketch two V against 3 graphs for an ideal gas at 0°C and 100°C respectively. [2] vim? 100°C or 373K [1] C or 273K [1] Wrongino Labeling of axes - zero Separate Graphs - zero