Lovella Santos

Instructor Judith McCann

English 1302.203

7 March 2022

Annotated Bibliography

Comsa, Monica, et al. "The relationship between sleep and depression and bipolar disorder in

children and young people." BJPsych Open, vol. 8, no. 1, 2022. ProQuest,

http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1076.

In this article the authors mainly focus on the difficulties of sleep and how they are part

of the diagnosis for depression and bipolar disorder. This includes sleep disorders like

insomnia, parasomnia, narcolepsy and other disorders and how these disorders are

associated with depression and bipolar disorder in children and teens. Some of the

children and teens who already have depression or bipolar disorder struggle sleeping

which causes them to have suicidal thoughts, fatigue, decrease in concentration, manic

symptoms, a more severe depression and much more. The author also focuses on the

social and academic interactions they have, not to mention the medications they take and

how such medications affect their way of sleep. All in all, sleep difficulties may occur

during or after an episode of depression or bipolar disorder. And so the authors will

conduct a research on children and teens who struggle with sleeping, depression, and

bipolar disorder.

Crowley, Matthew J., et al. “Prioritization of Research Addressing Antipsychotics for

Adolescents and Young Adults With Bipolar Disorder.” Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.
 160, no. 7, Apr. 2014, pp. 492–98. EBSCOhost,

https://doi-org.tamiu.idm.oclc.org/10.7326/M13-2549.

In this article the authors mainly focus on the intake of antipsychotics that adolescents

and young adults with bipolar disorder take. The authors will mainly focus on the

benefits and harms antipsychotics have on teenagers and young adults with bipolar

disorder. The authors want to know how beneficial and how harmful antipsychotics can

be to teens and young adults and so they created a research in which they will see how

they affect them. The authors want to see the comparative efficacy of therapeutic options,

the impact of antipsychotic drugs on patient outcomes, and the influence of diverse

patient characteristics on antipsychotics and its effects on the areas where there is a lack

of data. The study will approach the stockholder issues and prioritize research questions.

Duffy, Mary E., et al. “Psychotic Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation in Child and Adolescent

Bipolar I Disorder.” Bipolar Disorders, vol. 21, no. 4, June 2019, pp. 342–49.

EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12789.

In this article the authors main focus is on the psychotic symptoms adn suicidal thoughts

in children and teenagers with type 1 bipolar diorder. This includes the mixed and manic

phase in type 1 bipolar disorder. They also want to see the functioning levels and clinical

measures children and teenagers have. And so the authors made an experiment on

children from ages 6-15 to see what causes such things. The authors will perform a series

of logistic regression in which they will see the psychotic symptoms and suicidal

thoughts above and beyond the age, sex, and social status. The reults showed that teens

and children who go through such things have hallucinations, guilt delusions, psychotic
 symptoms in whic suicidal thoughts increased. All in all the study showed the presence of

suicidal thoughts and psycotic syptoms throughtout their research. The authors suggested

that such things are important and steps should be taken by their parents.

Ganzola, Rossana, et al. “Diffusion Tensor Imaging Correlates of Early Markers of Depression in

Youth at High‐familial Risk for Bipolar Disorder.” Journal of Child Psychology &

Psychiatry, vol. 59, no. 8, Aug. 2018, pp. 917–27. EBSCOhost,

https://doi-org.tamiu.idm.oclc.org/10.1111/jcpp.12879.

In this article the authors mainly focus on mood disorders and familial psychiatric

diseases. They want to determine the offspring at a high familial risk in mood affects the

development of depressive disorder. So the authors will make a study in a bipolar family

and categorize them according to their clinical follow up. The authors want to see the

differences and comparison between each family member and each can affect one

another. All in all the study showed a decreased Fractional anisotropy and how it is

related to the familial risk in mood disorders (bipolar disorder). The study also showed

sub diagnostic symptoms in which they were seen throughout the research. The authors

suggested a clinical follow up to clarify the findings.

Hulvershorn, Leslie A., et al. "Substance use disorders in adolescent and young adult relatives of

probands with bipolar disorder: What drives the increased risk?" Comprehensive

psychiatry, vol. 78, 2017, pp. 130-139. ProQuest,

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.07.010
 In this article the author's main focus is the substance use in adolescents and young adults

and how it is related to bipolar disease and its increased factors. Young adults and teens

who have bipolar disorder have high risks of substance disorder in other words the use of

drugs and alcohol which causes health issues. The authors want to see what drives teens

and young adults to do such things. The authors made a study in which their aim is to

examine substance disorder and how to prevent it in teens and young adults. The results

showed that what causes substance disorder is firstly bipolar disorder and its effects but

also their childhood. All in all, it was seen that bipolar patients reported substance

disorder. Not to mention the outcomes in mood changes in bipolar disorder. So, the

authors suggested psychiatric treatment which will lead to the less use of substances.

Karanti, Alina, et al. “Characteristics of Bipolar I and II Disorder: A Study of 8766 Individuals.”

Bipolar Disorders, vol. 22, no. 4, June 2020, pp. 392–400. EBSCOhost,

https://doi-org.tamiu.idm.oclc.org/10.1111/bdi.12867.

In this article the authors main focus is the characteristics of type 1 and type 2 bipolar

disorder. The authors want to study the differences between both types of disorders. The

authors made a study in which they use clinical features, illness course, conditions,

suicidal thoughts, and social ecomnomic factors. The study was done in Swedish patients

with bipolar disorder. The study was done on type 2 and 1 patients. Type 2 patinets

showed a high rate of deression and frequent suicidal thoughts. Not to mention those with

type 2 were younger than those with type 1. Type 1 patients had a high rate of

hospitalization, with a higher BMI but their moods were stabilized with antipsychotic
 drugs, therapy and much more. All in all, the results showed the difference between type

1 and 2 patients and showed how both conditions have a rather complex clinical course.

Mitchell, Rachel H. B., et al. “Sex Differences in Brain Structure among Adolescents with

Bipolar Disorder.” Bipolar Disorders, vol. 20, no. 5, Aug. 2018, pp. 448–58. EBSCOhost,

https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12663.

In this article the author's main focus is the differences between adolescents with different

sexes and their bipolar disorder. For starters female adolescents have a prevalence in

bipolar disorder as for male adolescents. The sex defferences in neurostructural imaging

in adolecents with bipolar disorder. So the authors made a study to acquire the

information of bipolar disorder in male and female adolescents. The study was made on

adolescents form the ages of 13-21. their brains were scanned and to see the differences.

The results showed that the sex diagnosis in the left pramargial and right parientl lobule

volumes were different. All in all, the sex differences in adolecesnts with bipolar disorder

was unexpectedly good. They showed the understandings of aberrant brain stucture ans

well as the impact of puberty and sex hormones.

Nijjar, Rami, et al. “Sexual Risk Behaviors in the Adolescent Offspring of Parents with Bipolar

Disorder: Prospective Associations with Parents’ Personality and Externalizing Behavior

in Childhood.” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, vol. 44, no. 7, Oct. 2016, pp.

1347–59. EBSCOhost, https://doi-org.tamiu.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s10802-015-0112-x.

In this article the authors main focus id the the sexual main factors and the behavior risks

in adolescent offsprin with bipolar prents. The aushtos made a stuy to showt hat
 teenagagers and young adult kids with bipolar disorder parents are more likely to

participate in risky sexual behaviors than control offspring. The study was followed by

teachers' assessments of the children's behavior. After ten years, the offspring conducted

an interview evaluating their sexual riskbehavior. After adjusting for age and the

existence of an affective illness, bootstrapping analyses indicated that externalizing

behaviors acted as a channel through which high family psychopathy, low parental life

satisfaction, and low family extraversion were related to in offspring. All in all the study

showed that the results showed that the parents personality contributed to the risk of

behavioral issues in their offspring.

Urback, Adam L., et al. “Reduced Cerebrovascular Reactivity among Adolescents with Bipolar

Disorder.” Bipolar Disorders, vol. 21, no. 2, Mar. 2019, pp. 124–31. EBSCOhost,

https://doi-org.tamiu.idm.oclc.org/10.1111/bdi.12719 .

In this article the author's main focus is on the reduction of cerebrovascular reactivity in

adolescents with bipolar disorder. It is known that cardiovascular disease is both

excessive and premature in people with bipolar illness. Cerebrovascular reactivity is a

metric of cerebrovascular health because it reflects the vasodilatory capability of blood –

brain barrier in reaction to vasoactive drugs. Despite interesting discoveries in other

disorders, cerebrovascular reactivity in bipolar disorder has never been studied. A study

was made to see the adolescents with bipolar disorder and their healthy controls. To see

the results the authors will check BMI and examine their potential confound. The

observations were temporal poles, supramarginal gyrus, and lingual gyrus; these

observations were greater than the bipolar disorder and the mood symptoms that are not
 associated with it. All in all, the study provided lots of evidence of cerebrovascular

dysfunction in patients with bipolar disorder.

Zak, Nathalia, et al. “Mood Episodes Are Associated with Increased Cortical Thinning: A

Longitudinal Study of Bipolar Disorder Type II.” Bipolar Disorders, vol. 21, no. 6, Sept.

2019, pp. 525–38. EBSCOhost, https://doi-org.tamiu.idm.oclc.org/10.1111/bdi.12771.

In this article the author's main focus is the mood episodes that are associated with the

increase in bipolar disease type 2. It is known that bipolar disorder is a stable disease trait

but it could also be not stable if not taken care of. Type 2 changes the cortical thickness

between the patient and that healthy control and mood episodes. And so the authors made

a study to see the changes and effects it causes. The study was made on 29 individuals

who have bipolar disorder type 2. The study was based on the 2.4 years of follow ups in

which will see the relationships between the mood episodes and follow ups. The results

showed that patients with type 2 bipolar disorder had a thinner temporal cortex. The

cortex showed a thin cortical longitudinal. This made patients with few episodes have a

thinner cortical. All in all, the study showed that type 2 patients showed evidence

between depressive episodes and the thinning of the cortical.