PLUMBING

Plumbing is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses in buildings for
bringing

‌in the supply of liquids, substances and/or ingredients and removing them; and such water, liquid and

Other carried-wastes hazardous to health, sanitation, life and property pipes and fixtures after
installation

i.e., the ‘plumbing system’. (Section 217.6 The Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines 1999)

(This definition is from the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines. So when we say Plumbing, it is the
system or network of pipes, tanks, fittings, and other fixtures required to build water supply, heating
and sanitation systems in a building. Heating, cooling, gas fitting, water removal, and supply of potable
water are some of the important parts of this profession. This profession follows the basic laws of
pressure, gravity, water level, etc. It is hard for a common man to understand the complexities and the
mystery of plumbing. This is why we need plumbers every time we face a plumbing-related problem.)

THE PLUMBER

What do you call of a person who works or engages in the business of installing in buildings the pipes
fixtures and other apparatus?

The person who works in plumbing is called Plumber.

When your water isn’t working in your home, or the toilets won’t flush in your office building, you might
consider calling a plumber. But what exactly is a plumber? A plumber is a professional who installs and
repairs pipes and fittings of your plumbing systems which include the water supply, heating system, and
sanitation. They are the people that make sure that your facilities work when you need them to. They
ensure that the right pipes are in place and connected to the proper outlet.

There are three categories of plumbers based upon their graces of experiences. They

Are:

1. Apprentice plumber- a beginner at the trade who usually serves for 3 to 5 years

As helper to a journeyman.

Types of Plumbers

COMMERCIAL PLUMBERS

Commercial plumbers are trained and gain experience in large public plumbing systems such as schools,
large shopping centers, and hospitals connected to large industrial equipment. They are responsible for
installing, repairing, and maintaining pipes in commercial or industrial buildings. Usually a plumber
working only commercial jobs will not have sufficient training and job experience in residential service
and repair. A notable difference between a commercial plumber and a residential plumber is the
number of pipes and outlets one has to account for.

With a residential plumbing job, there are significantly less pipes and outlets to deal with. Additionally,
there is in most cases only two floors that have to be dealt with in a residential job. In commercial
plumbing, there are more sinks and toilets and floors to handle. This could make the job more time
consuming and cumbersome than if you called a plumber to come unclog your kitchen sink.

Something else to consider is the number of problems that a commercial plumber faces that a
residential plumber doesn’t. Commercial plumbing is quite a bit more involved than fixing a leaky faucet
or a simple pipe repair. Commercial plumbers put in extensive waste removal and water systems for
large businesses. This could involve excavating trenches and laying pipelines that link the building to the
local water main and sewage system.

Commercial plumbers are also instrumental in the maintenance of the systems that they have put into
place. Maintenance is an essential part of a commercial plumber’s job. Making sure that the plumbing
works in a large office building is important because it could affect many more people than a plumbing
failure in a small home.

RESIDENTIAL PLUMBERS

Residential plumbers are the plumbers you think of when someone tells you to call a plumber. They
train and gain experience by working on residential jobs such as new constructions and new additions to
homes. Residential plumbers are usually tasked and become experts at installing pipe systems in
residential homes. They can often lack the experience and training to pull off commercial jobs, but this
makes them no less competent at fixing the plumbing at your home. In a way, plumbing is plumbing, but
commercial plumbers require a level of knowledge that residential plumbers don’t need.

These plumbers are essential in making sure that the water and toilets work in your home. They
troubleshoot and install plumbing mechanisms in your home to keep your home running smoothly. It is
recommended that you call a residential plumber yearly to come out and check your plumbing system.
The last thing you want is the toilet to stop working in the dead of winter; regular maintenance can help
avoid catastrophes like this.

SERVICE AND REPAIR PLUMBERS

A service and repair plumber is the type of plumber you typically think about when your home or
commercial business plumbing needs a repair. These plumbers receive technical training and have
experience problem solving to solve the problem with the plumbing in your home or business. They
must be more personable as they normally work directly with the client which is not normally a
requirement for commercial or residential plumbers.

TOOLS

A plumber requires several tools for the fitting work for plumbing, fixing a tap or to carryout repairs.
These tools help the plumber in performing his/her work properly, and therefore it is important that the
tools are used systematically and handled carefully to avoid any damage.

What are the tools used in plumbing?

Tap Measuring

A tape measure, also called measuring tape, is a type of flexible ruler. Tape measures are made from a
variety of materials, including fiber glass, plastic and cloth. They are among the most common
measuring tools used today.
 1. Steel Scales Ruler

A steel ruler is a measuring tool made of stainless steel sheet. The lines are engraved on the ruler, on
the upper and lower sides. A scale ruler is a tool for measuring lengths and transferring measurements
at a fixed ratio of length. Plumbers use rules to measure the length of pipes etc.

2. Tape measure

A tape measure, or measuring tape is a type of hand tool typically used to measure distance or size. It is
like a much longer flexible ruler consisting of a case, thumb lock, blade/tape, hook, and sometimes a
belt clip. A tape measure will have imperial readings, metric readings or both.

3. Long tap Measuring

This is the best tool to measure long lengths.

PIPE CUTTERS

A pipecutter is a type of tool used by plumbers to cut pipe. Besides producing a clean cut, the tool is
often a faster, cleaner, and more convenient way of cutting pipe than using a hacksaw

1. Gi Pipe Cutter

Use for cutting pipd to the required length prior to installation. Carrying out piping repair work. Cutting
out, removing and replacing damaged sections of pipework before replacement.

2. Copper pipe

Copper pipe can be cut using a tubing cutter or hacksaw. It specialize in cutting copper pipes.

3. Plastic pipe cutter

Use to cut plastic pipes.

HACKSAW
A hacksaw is a hand-powered, small-toothed saw used for cutting metal pipes, rods, brackets, etc.
Hacksaws can also cut through plastic. The hacksaw has a U-shaped frame and a handle at one end.
Hacksaws have small pins at each end of the frame that receive a blade.

HAMMER DRILL MACHINE

A hammer drill, also known as a percussion drill or impact drill, is a power tool used chiefly for drilling in
hard materials. … The percussive mechanism provides a rapid succession of short hammer thrusts to
pulverize the material to be bored, so as to provide quicker drilling with less effort.

SPIRIT LEVEL

A spirit level, bubble level, or simply a level, is an instrument designed to indicate whether a surface is
horizontal (level) or vertical (plumb)

PIPE REAMER

A pipe reamer is a helpful tool for plumbers and other occupations that work with pipe and metal
tubing. A pipe reamer’s basic job is to remove burrs from the inside of pipes or holes drilled in metal.

Steel Pipe Reamer

A fluted conical tool for beveling or removing burrs from pipe ends. For steel pipes.

Hand Reamer

Hand reamers enlarge or finish an existing hole in a metal workpiece to a desired size. The reamer is
held with a tap wrench, adjustable wrench, or vise and slowly rotated to feed it into the hole during
metalworking tasks.

Plastic & Copper Pipe Reamer

For plastic and copper pipes.

Hammer
Hammers are used for general carpentry, framing, nail pulling, cabinet making, assembling furniture,
upholstering, finishing, riveting, bending or shaping metal, striking masonry drill and steel chisels, and so
on.

Ball Pein Hammer

Ball-peen or ball pein hammer, also known as a machinist’s hammer,[1] is a type of peening hammer
used in metalworking. It has two heads, one flat and the other, called the peen, rounded.

Besides for peening (surface hardening by impact), the ball-peen hammer is useful for many tasks, such
as striking punches and chisels (usually performed with the flat face of the hammer). The peening face is
useful for rounding off edges of metal pins and fasteners, such as rivets. The ball face of the hammer can
also be used to make gaskets for mating surfaces. A suitable gasket material is held over the surface
where a corresponding gasket is desired, and the operator will lightly tap around the edges of the
mating surface to perforate the gasket material.[2

Cross Pein Hammer

Cross peen hammer is used to make the metal fuller when used with heat. The main function of a cross
peen hammer is to shape the metal during forging and riveting.

Claw Hammer

A claw hammer is a tool primarily used for driving nails into, or pulling nails from, some other object.

Sledge Hammer

Sledgehammers are a large hammer with a metal, mallet-like head. Their handles are long, designed to
be held with both hands. They can range anywhere from 3-16 lbs. These types of hammers deliver a
mighty blow, designed for breaking stone and demolition work.

Club Hammer

Club hammers are usually constructed from a metal head with a robust wooden handle, and can be used
single-handedly. Their rugged construction makes them ideal for heavy-duty tasks like demolition,
driving home masonry nails and delivering blows to bolsters when cutting stone.

Chisel
A chisel is a tool that has a long metal blade with a sharp edge at the end. It is used for cutting and
shaping wood and stone. … If you chisel wood or stone, you cut and shape it using a chisel.

1. Flat Chisel

The flat chisel is typically used for applying detail, smoothing surfaces and finished forms.

2. Cold Chisel

Chisel made of tool steel of a strength, shape, and temper suitable for chipping or cutting cold metal.

3. Concrete Chisel

Used to cut through materials such as stone, concrete and brick.

PIPE WRENCH

A pipe wrench is any of several types of wrench that are designed to turn threaded pipe and pipe fittings
for assembly (tightening) or disassembly (loosening

1. Pipe Wrench

2. Offset Hex Wrench

An offset wrench is designed to be used in tight spaces where there is little to no room to swing the
handle of the wrench. They also are useful for turning objects that are at an awkward angle or when a
pipe is parallel to another object.

4. Chain Type Wrench

A chain pipe wrench turns pipe in either direction and can be used like a ratchet wrench. The handle can
be loosened, shifted, and turned again without taking the chain from around pipe. It can be used on
round, square, or irregular shapes without crushing the object.

MANUAL PIPE THREADING DIE SETS

Pipe threaders are one of the essential tools that has the ability and precision to cut threads on the ends
of a pipes to both the female and male attachment. It can be used in various applications in different
industries including mining, plumbing, and even in heavy industrial applications and many others.
PIPE VICE AND STAND

Vise, also spelled Vice, device consisting of two parallel jaws for holding a workpiece; one of the jaws is
fixed and the other movable by a screw, a lever, or a cam. When used for holding a workpiece during
hand operations, such as filing, hammering, or sawing, the vise may be permanently bolted to a bench.

HOLE SAW KIT

A hole saw is capable of cutting holes with a much larger diameter than a standard drill bit. They create
a hole in the workpiece without cutting up the core material. The hole saw is mounted onto your power
drill via an arbor which is used to grip other moving tool components.

PIPE AND TUBE BENDERS

Pipe bending is a technique used in various metal forming processes with the aim of increasing the
fabrication capabilities of plumbing fixtures. The pipe can be bent at varying angles and in different
directions.

GRIP LOCKING PLIERS

Locking pliers can be used to handle materials whenever it would be awkward or uncomfortable to grip
them directly, for instance when working with heat or maneuvering small components into position for
gluing or soldering.

SCREW DRIVER

Screwdriver, tool, usually hand-operated, for turning screws with slotted heads. For screws with one
straight diametral slot cut across the head, standard screwdrivers with flat blade tips and in a variety
sizes are used.

Flat Screwdriver

A flat-head screwdriver is a screwdriver with a wedge-shaped flat tip, used to tighten or loosen screws
that have a straight, linear notch in their heads.

Philip Screw Driver

Phillips screw heads allow a tighter fit than a flat head screw, which is why most factories and handymen
use them. The screws tend to be lightweight and relatively small. The trick is to match your screwdriver
to the type and size of screws you’re using. Your choice of screw depends on the type of job you’re
doing.

PLUMBING HAND TOOLS

Water Pump Plier

Water pump pliers are regular tools used extensively for turning and holding bolts and nuts, holding
pumps, gripping irregularly work pieces and plenty more. It is also commonly called groove joint pliers or
tongue and groove pliers.

Adjustable Wrench

It’s function is much the same as that of any other spanner or wrench, namely to grip on to a fastener
head (usually a nut or bolt) and allow the user to tighten or loosen it as required. The obvious defining
difference with adjustable spanner tools is that they’re explicitly designed to offer a flexible, moveable
jaw.

Combination Plier

Combination pliers are heavy-duty, side-cutting pliers, also known as lineman pliers or side cutters,
which are designed for all regular wire-cutting needs. They have gripping jaws, a cutting edge, and
insulating handle grips that reduce (but don’t eliminate) the risk of electric shock from contact with live
wires.