ARSON

1. Fuel Is the material or substance being burned in the combustion process?

2. self-sustained chemical reaction Is a complex reaction that it requires a fuel (gaseous or

vapor state), an oxidizer, and heat to combine in a very specific way.

3. Oxygen Those materials that yield oxygen or other oxidizing gases during the process of a
chemical reaction.

4. Heat Is the energy component of the fire tetrahedron?

5. Oxygen A colorless, odorless gas and one of the composition of air which is approximately 21
% by volume.

6. Fuel Any substance which reacts chemically with oxygen and produces flames?

7. Heat A form of energy generated by the transmission of some other form of energy, as in
combustion or burning.

8. False Under the fire triangle theory, there are 4 ways to extinguish fire?

9. fire triangle theory The graphical representation of the three elements of fire is known as?

10. Fire tetrahedron theory Another explanation of the requirements of combustion uses a
four-sided figure is called?

11. chemical reactivity The fourth element of the fire tetrahedron explanation is known as?

12. Reducing agent In scientific terms, the fuel in a combustion reaction is known as?

13. Air The oxygen in the _____ in the surrounding area is considered the primary oxidizing
agent?

14. Fuel Another term for reducing agent is known as?

15. Heat Another term for temperature is known as?

16. True For combustion to occur there should be four elements that are necessary?

17. Air The oxygen in the _____ in the surrounding area is considered the primary oxidizing
agent?

18. Fuel Another term for reducing agent is known as?

19. Heat Another term for temperature is known as?

20. True For combustion to occur there should be four elements that are necessary?

21. Electrical This type of energy can generate temperatures high enough to ignite any
combustible materials near the heated area?

22. Mechanical An energy created by friction and compression?

23. Chemical It is the most common source of heat in combustion reactions?

24. Nuclear Heat energy is generated when atoms either split apart or combine?

25. heat of friction Is the movement of the two surfaces against each other? This movement
produced sparks being generated?

26. heat of compression Heat is generated when a gas is compressed in a container or cylinder?

27. Fire Technically speaking, _________ is a form of combustion?

28. Heat Known as exothermic reaction?

29. fire gases Are those that remain when other products of combustion cool to normal
temperature?

30. flame It is the luminous body of a burning gas which gets hotter and less luminous when
mixed with more oxygen?

31. Pyrolosis It refers to the chemical process whereby fire consumes the most solid part of the
fuel. It is the thermal decomposition of a solid fuel through the action of heat.

32. Exothermic reaction Are changes whereby energy (heat) is absorbed or is added before the
reaction takes place.

33. endothermic reaction Reactions or changes that release or give off energy (heat) thus they
produce substance with less energy than the reactants.

34. smoke It is the visible product of incomplete combustion, usually a mixture of oxygen,
nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, finely divided particles of soot and carbon and
miscellaneous assortment of product released from the burning material.

35. incipient/beginning phase It is known as the initial stage of fire?

36. free-burning phase The second phase of burning in which materials or structure are burning
in the presence of adequate oxygen.
37. smoldering phase The final phase of burning wherein flame ceases but dense smoke and
heat completely fill the confined room.

38. Backdraft Any action taken during fire fighting operations that allows air to mix with these
hot gases can result in an explosive ignition called?

39. Class A Materials involving vegetables fibers, wood, paper straw, grain and grass;
combustible minerals such as coal and coke.

40. Class B Materials including petroleum products such as gasoline, fuel oils, lubricating oils,
and greases; animals fats such as butter, lard, and tallow.

41. Class C This type of fire involves electrical motors, electrical appliances and apparatus.

42. Class D These are materials involving combustible metals, alloys or metal compounds either
in a solid, semi solid or liquid state.

43. Class K These are materials involved in the kitchen fires. This classification was added to the
NFPA portable extinguishers standard in 1998?

44.Conduction It is the transmission of heat through an object/medium or conductor, such as

pipe, metal, hot-air duct, wire or even wall.

45. flame contact Heat may be conducted from one body to another by direct flame contact.
Fire spreads along or through burning material by ?

46. Convection It is the transmission of heat by the moving currents of liquid or gas. When
these gases or liquids are heated, they start to move within themselves; and by their free
motion, circulation starts.

47. radiation The transmission through the discharge and spread of heat from a heated or
burning source.

48. intensity of fire It simply means “how hot the fire is burning”?

49. flashpoint The temperature at which the material is not enough to keep burning, but still
gives off enough vapors to cause a flame to “flash” across the surface?

50. fire point The temperature at which the material will give off ample vapors to keep burning.

51. magnitude of fire This means the size of fire, and it is governed by the surface area of fuel
exposed to the air.
52.explosive limits It means the amount (expressed in percent) of fuel vapor that can be mixed
with air to form and explosive or flammable mixture.

59. dry chemical It is extinguishing agents use today with mixtures of powders and various
additives that improve the storage, flow and water repellency of the powders.

60. dry powder Generally terms for agents used to extinguish combustible metal fires?

53.cooling Method of extinguishment which uses an extinguishing agent whose primary

characteristics is heat absorption.

54. chemical chain reaction The fourth method of extinguishment is known as inhibition or the
interruption of chemical reaction.

55. separation The removal of fuel, as in the example of turning off a valve in a gas line
prevents the fuel and oxygen from coming together.

56. smothering Excludes the oxygen from the fuel so that the gases or vapors of the fuel cannot
ignite and continue the combustion.

57. water Used only on Class A fires and known as the most effective in cooling the burning
material below its ignition temperature.

58. carbon dioxide A number of its properties make CO2 a desirable extinguishing agent. It is
non combustible and non reactive with most substances, it can penetrate and spread to all
parts of fire
2. American Mafia Always show respect to those who can command it and report any failure to show
respect to one’s patron immediately are the rules of an organized crime group.

3. YAKUZA An Asian organized crime group which is derived from card game 8-9-3 or “good for nothing”

Crime Triangle – Offender, victim and Location

YAKUZA- JAPAN - is derived from card game 8-9-3 or “good for nothing”

TRIADS- Chinese groups

TONGS- mandarin word tang; Chinese, Chinatown

RULES OF AMERICAN MAFIA:

Always show respect to those who can command it

Report any failure to show respect to one’s patron immediately

Entrapment Which of the following does not belong to the Phases of Investigation?

Criminal investigation- is a scientific inquiry with respect to criminal violation/offense

Open question What is this questioning technique that gives more wide latitude to the investigator in
terms of getting information relative to the issue. Example: Where were you yesterday? This form of
question will allow the subject to answer with no specific location as to his whereabouts.

Open Question- it is a questioning technique that gives more wide latitude to the investigator in terms of
getting information relative to the issue. Example: Where were you yesterday? THIS FORM OF
QUESTION will allow the subject to answer with no specific location as to his whereabouts.

Close Question- it is a questioning technique that specifically asks the subject with respect to a particular
area or information. Example: You were spotted in the house of your friend yesterday, is this correct?
This form of question will permit the subject to answer either negative or positive and will limit his
information only with respect to the particular issue.

SPIRAL METHOD A stabbing incident transpired at the office of the college dean, what method of search
should be employed to maximize for the search of truth?

ZONE METHOD -BEST FOR WIDE AREA LIKE STADIUM

SPIRAL METHOD -BEST FOR SMALL ROOM

WHEEL METHOD- BEST FOR WIDE AREA

STRIP METHOD -BEST FOR BOMB SEARCH

Conduction A transmission of heat from hotter to cooler.

Radiation - immediate circle

Conduction - hotter to cooler

Convection - circulating medium

INHALANTS A volatile liquids that give off vapor, which is inhaled, producing short-term excitement and
euphoria followed by a period of disorientation. Amyl nitrite (poppers) is commonly used volatile liquid
packaged in capsule form, which is inhaled when the capsule is broken open.

HASHISH- concentrated form of cannabis made from unadulterated resin from the female cannabis
plant.

MARIJUANA- the dried leaves of the cannabis plant.

COCAINE- a powerful natural stimulant derived from the coca plant.

Crack – highly addictive crystalline form of cocaine containing remnants of hydrochloride and sodium
bicarbonate, which emits a crackling sound when smoked.

 HEROIN- narcotic made from opium and then cut with sugar or some other neutral substance unit it is
only 1 to 4 percent pure. Has the ability to produce insensibility to pain and to free the mind of anxiety
and emotion. Users experience relief from fear and apprehension, release of tension, and elevation of
spirits.

SEDATIVES/BARBITURATES. Sedatives, the most commonly used drugs of the barbiturate family, depress
the central nervous system into a sleeplike condition. Sedatives are called “goofballs”, “downers” and
are often known by color of the capsules: “reds” (seconal), “blue devils” (amytals) and “rainbows”
(tuinal)

ANESTHETIC DRUGS- central nervous system depressants.

General anesthetics act on the brain to produce loss of sensation, stupor, or unconsciousness. The most
widely abused anesthetic drug is PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP), known as “angel dust”.

Angel dust can be sprayed on marijuana or other leaves and smoked, drunk, or injected. Originally
developed as animal tranquilizer, PCP creates hallucinations and a spaced-out feelings that causes heavy
users to engage in violent acts. The effects of PCP can last up to two days, and the danger of overdose is
high.

 INHALANTS – volatile liquids that give off vapor, which is inhaled, producing short-term excitement and
euphoria followed by a period of disorientation. Amyl nitrite (poppers) is commonly used volatile liquid
packaged in capsule form , which is inhaled when the capsule is s broken open.
Point of no escape A key event wherein an instance where the motorist can no longer avoid or evade
any possible collision or hazard.

KEY EVENT- event on the road which characterizes the manner of occurrence of a motor vehicle traffic
accident.

1. Perception of hazards- this is the instance where the motorist can see, feel or understand the
conditions or movements signaling possible accident.

2. Point of no escape- this is the instance where the motorist can no longer avoid or evade any
possible collision or hazard.

3. First engagement or Initial Contact - It is the initial impact or hit on the vehicle or collision.

4. Maximum engagement- It is the overlap or collapse in a collision; the greatest force after the
initial contact where the impact is now in its full motion.

5. Final engagement- it is the stage where the vehicles are now disengaged and in full stop.

Administer The act of introducing any dangerous drug of any person with or without his knowledge.

chemical It is any substance taken into the body that alters the way and the mind and the bodywork.

chemical abuse It is an instance when the use of chemical has produced negative or harmful
consequences.

Cultivate It means the act of knowingly planting, growing raising or permitting the planting, growing
raising of any plant which is the source of prohibited drug

Drug It is synthetic chemicals used as medicine or in the making of medicines, which affects the body
and mind and have potential for abuse.

Drug abuse It is the illegal, wrongful or improper use of any drug.

Drug addiction It refers to the state of periodic or chronic intoxication produced by the repeated
consumption of a drug.

drug experimenter One who illegally, wrongfully, or improperly uses any narcotic substances for
reasons of curiosity, peer pressure or other similar reasons.

drug syndicate It is a network of illegal drug operations operated and manned carefully by groups of
criminals who knowingly traffic through nefarious trade for personal or group profit.

Manufacture The production, preparation, compounding or processing a dangerous drug either directly
or indirectly or by extraction from substances of natural origin or by chemical synthesis.

Physical dependence An adaptive state caused by repeated drug use that reveals itself of intense
physical symptoms when the drug is stopped ( withdrawal syndrome ).
Pusher Any person who sell, administer, deliver or give away to another, distribute, transport any
dangerous drug.

Rehabilitation It is a dynamic process directed towards the changes of the health of the person to
prepare him from his fullest life potentials and capabilities, and making him law abiding and productive
member of the community without abusing drugs.

tolerance It is the tendency to increase dosage of drugs to maintain the same effect in the body.

Psychological dependence An attachment to drug use which arises from a drug ability to satisfy some
emotional or personality needs of an individual .

treatment A medical service rendered to a client for the effective management if his total condition
related to drug abuse. It deals with the physiological and psychosocial complications arising from drug
abuse

use The act of injecting, consuming, any dangerous drugs. The means of introducing the dangerous drug
into the physiological system of the body.

narcotic In drug jargons “opiates” means?

opiate addict In drug jargons “JUNI” means?

street slang for cocaine In drug jargons “Coke” means?

High In drug jargons “under the influence of drugs” means?

slang term for LSD In drug jargon “Acid” means?

Prescriptive drug These are drugs requiring written authorization from a doctor to allow a purchase.

Non-prescriptive drug These kind of drug which may be purchased from any pharmacy or drugstore
without written authorization from a doctor.

Drug syndrome This syndrome is found in users and would be users of drugs whose sources of
information are people or literature other than doctors, pharmacists and health workers.

Minimal dose This is known as the smallest amount of a drug that will produce a therapeutic effect?

maximal dose This is known as the largest amount of a drug that will produce a desired therapeutic
effect, without any accompanying symptoms of toxicity.

Toxic dose The amount of drug that produces untoward effects or symptoms of poisoning is known
as?

Abusive dose The amount needed to produce the side effects & action desired by an individual who
improperly uses it.
lethal dose The amount of drug that will cause death.

injection This form of drug administration offers a faster response than the oral method.

Oral The safest most convenient and economical route whenever possible?

inhalation This route makes use of gaseous and volatile drugs which are inhaled and absorbed rapidly.

Iontophoresis The introduction of drugs into the deeper layers of the skin.

Topical Refers to the application of drugs directly to a body site such as the skin & the mucous
membrane.

Overdose When too much of a drug is taken into the physiological system of the human body.

Side Effects Some drugs are not receptors for one organ but receptors of other organs as well.

Idiosyncrasy Refers to the individual reaction to a drug, food, etc. for unexplained reasons.

allergy Drugs cause the release of histamine giving rise to allergic symptoms.

Poisonous property Drugs are chemicals & some of them have property of being gen. protoplasmic
poisons.

Analgesics This are drugs that relieve pain. However, they may produce the opposite effects on
somebody who suffers form peptic ulcer or gastric irritation.

Antihistamines Those that control or combat allergic reactions. People who on _______ therapy must
not operate or drive vehicles since these drugs can cause drowsiness.

Antipyretics Those that can lower body temperature or fever due to infection.

Antibiotics Are drugs that combat or control infections organism. Ingesting the same ______ for a long
time can result in allergic reactions and cause resistance to the drug.

Contraceptive Drugs that prevent the meeting of the egg cell and sperm cell or prevent the ovary from
releasing egg cell.

Decongestants Those that relieve congestion of the nasal passages. Prolonged used of these
decongestants might include nasal congestion upon withdrawal.

Sedatives and Tranquilizers Are those that can calm and quiet the nerves and relieve anxiety without
causing depression and clouding of the mind.

Laxatives Those that stimulate defecation and encourage bowel movement.

Expectorants Those that can ease the expulsion of mucus and phlegm from the lungs and the throat.
They are not drugs of choice for the newborn that does not know to cough the phlegm out.
Vitamins Those substances necessary for normal growth and development and proper functioning of
the body.

Slang for injection of drugs In drug jargons “ a hit” means?

Injecting a drug into the vein In drug jargons “Mainline’ / “to shoot” means?

Narcotics It refers to the group of the drug opium and derivatives: morphine, heroin, codeine, etc.
including synthetic opiates

Amphetamines Are group of stimulant drugs like Benzedrine, Dexedrine, Methedrine, Preludin, etc.

Hallucinogens Refers to the group of drugs like Marijuana, LSD Lysergic acid diethylamide), mescaline
etc

stimulants Refers to the group of the drug Cocaine, Alpha and Beta Eucaine etc.

Depressants Are group of drugs that has the effect of depressing the Central Nervous System.

Stimulants Are group of drugs having the effect of stimulating the Central Nervous System.

Hallucinogens Refers to the group of drugs that are considered to be mind altering drugs and give the
general effect of mood distortion.

Narcotics Are drugs, which relieve pain and produce pain and produce profound sleep or stupor when
introduced to the body.

Opium Derived from a poppy plant “papaver somniferum”. A plant that can grow from 3 to 6 ft originally
in Mesopotamia. Its active ingredient is the “meconic” acid – the analgesic property.

Morphine Most commonly used and best used opiate. Effective as a painkiller six times potent than
opium, with a high dependence – producing potential.

Heroin Is 3 to 5 times more powerful than morphine from which it is derived and the most addicting
opium derivative.

Demerol Is widely used as a painkiller in childbirth

Methadone Is the drug of choice in the withdrawal treatment of heroin dependents since it relieves the
physical craving for heroin.

Paregoric A tincture of opium in combination with camphor. Commonly used as a household remedy for
diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Codeine A derivative of morphine, commonly available in cough preparations. These cough medicines
have been widely abused by the youth whenever hard narcotics are difficult to obtain.
Barbiturates Are drugs used for inducing sleep in persons plagued with anxiety, mental stress, insomnia.

Volatile Solvents Gaseous substances popularly known to abusers as “gas”, “teardrops.”

Tranquilizers Are drugs that calm and relax and diminish anxiety.

Seconal Commonly used among hospitality girls. Sudden withdrawal from these drugs is even more
dangerous than opiate withdrawal.

Alcohol The king of all drugs with potential for abuse.

he king of all drugs with potential for abuse.

cocaine The drug taken from the coca bush plant. It is usually in the form of powder that can be taken
orally injected or sniffed as to achieve euphoria or an intense feeling of “highness”

shabu “poor man’s cocaine” – chemically known as methamphetamine hydrochloride.

amphetamine Used medically for weight reducing in obesity, relief of mild depression and treatment.

nicotine An active component in tobacco which acts as a powerful stimulant of the central nervous
system. A drop of pure _______ can easily kill a person.

mescaline it is alkaloid hallucinogen extracted from the peyote cactus and can also be synthesized in the
lab.

peyote Derived from the surface part of a small gray brown cactus. It emits a nauseating odor and can
suffers from nausea.

Psilocybin These Mexican mushrooms induced nausea, muscular relaxation, mood changes with visions
of bright colors and shapes, and other hallucinations.

morning glory seeds They are sold under the names of “heavenly blues”, flying dancers, and pearly
gates.

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Commonly known as “Ecstasy,” or by its any other name –

refers to the drug having such chemical composition, including any of its isomers or derivatives in any
form;

Cannabis Commonly known as “Marijuana” or “Indian Hemp’ or by its any other name – embraces
every kind, class, genus, or specie of the plant Cannabis sativa L, including, but not limited to, Cannabis
americana, hashish, bhang, guaza, churrus and ganjab, and embraces every kind, class and character of
marijuana,
Methamphetamine Hydrochloride Commonly known as “Shabu”, “Ice”, “Meth”, or by its any other
name – refers to the drug having such chemical composition, including any of its isomers or derivatives
in any form;

Opium Refers to the coagulated juice of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and embraces every
kind, class and character of opium?

Opium Poppy Refers to any part of the plant of the species Papaver somniferum L., Papaversetigerum
DC, Papaver orientale, Papaver bracteatum and Papaver rhoeas, which includes the seeds, straws,
branches, leaves or any part thereof, or substances derived therefrom, even for floral, decorative and
culinary purpose?

Dispense Any act of giving away, selling or distributing medicine or any dangerous drug with or without
the use of prescription;

alcohol It is a colorless, tasteless clear liquid. It boils at 78.4 Degrees Celsius?

alcohol It has a pleasant odor and gives a burning sensation to the mouth, esophagus and stomach?

Methyl Is a poisonous and is not put in drinks but is use in some industries.

Ethyl Is used in alcoholic drinks which are made by breweries.

Tobacco Known as Nicotiana Tabacum, is plant grown for its leaves which are smoked, chewed, or
sniffed for a variety of effects.

Drug Trafficking Is also known as Illegal Drug Trade.

Staminate Male Marijuana is known as ?

Pistillate Female Marijuana is known as ?

Morphine It is the most important alkaloids and constitutes about 10 % of the use raw opium

heroin It is the most commonly abused narcotic in the world.

codeine Also known as Methylmorphine. It is similar to morphine , but its effect is weaker in intensity.

Methadone A synthetic narcotic used as treatment of heroin dependence but also fallen to abused.