RESEARCH PROPASAL SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR ORDINARY DIPLOMA IN NURSING AND MIDWIDERY IN

TANDABUI INSTITUTE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES

TITTLE

FACTOR INFLUENCING UTILIZATION OF KANGAROO MOTHER CARE AMONG

POSTNATAL MOTHER WHO GAVE BIRTH TO PRETERM AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
BABIES AT NYAMAGANA DISTRICT HOSPITAL.

ORDINARY DIPLOMA IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY

DECEMBER, 2021

BY

RESEARCHER NAME : KUNIBERT MANGOSONGO

SUPERVISOR: SIR ROBERT MATHIAS

i
 ABSTRACT

The study intends to find out the on facto influencing utilization of kangaroomother care among
postnatal mother who gave brith to preterm and low birth weight babies at Nyamagana District
Hospital. Specifically the study will focus to; i) To assess level of awareness of the mother on the
importance of kangaroo mother care ii) To assess family attitudes and beliefs toward kangaroo mather
care iii) To identify the challenges faced and determine the way forward.

Method that will be applied by researcher in the field will include observation and interview that
will be used to acquire both primary and secondary data in study area. Tools to be applied will
include self- administered questionnaire, checklist and notebook. A total of 30 mothers and 2 key
informants will be studied in the field using questionnaire and checklist. Data will be processed
using calculator and MS Word into required information.

The study findings will be shown at the end after the research conducted where conclusion and
recommendation will be given basing on the field findings by researcher in the study area.

ii
 ACKNOWLDGEMENT
I sincerely thank the Almighty God who protect me and gave me strength throughout my study
preparation, during research undertaking compiling until submitting this dissertation to the
institute of rural development planning.

I gave my sincere appreciation to Tandabui Institute of health Science & Technology and skills
they have impacted in me as student. I know it is their effort that has made me to be all that I
would be. I would like to share with them the success I have found in my studies with them.

My heartfelt appreciation goes to my research supervisor Mr. Mathias Robert. A Tutor at

TIHEST who tirelessly continued to guide and provide me with very useful feedback at various
stages in preparing this research proposal. Also I would like to thanks HOD Madam E. Nyakiha
for her cooperation who help me to reach at this stages.

iii
TABRLE OF CONTENT

iv
LIST OF ABBRIVIATION

KMC----------------------------------------------------------- Kangaroo Mother Care.

WHO- ----------------------------------------------------------World Health Organisation.

LWB------------------------------------------------------------ Low Birth Weight Babies.

RCH-------------------------------------------------------------Reproductive child health

NDH-----------------------------------------------------------Nyamagana District Hospital

LMICs-----------------------------------------------------------Low and middle income countries

v
ABSTRACT/SUMMARY

BACKGROUND
Kangaroo Mother Care, also called kangaroo care or skin-to-skin contact was initially developed
in Colombia in the 1970s for low birth weight and preterm infants who no longer needed
intensive care. The discovery of KMC contributed to the reduction of mortality and morbidity of
preterm infants. Although it was initially developed for use with preterm and low birth weight
babies, KMC is beneficial for all babies as constant contact with their mothers and their warmth,
breast milk, love, and protection are all basic requirements needed for their well-being and
survival. Tanzania is among those countries that have had success in reducing child mortality,
24% reduction in under-fives and 31% reduction in infant mortality. The reduction in infant
mortality was mostly post neonatal and there has been no significant progress in reducing
neonatal deaths. The neonatal mortality rate was 40.4 per 1,000 live births in 1999 and 32 per
1,000 live births in 2004/05(TDHS). Up to 50% of neonatal deaths occur in the first 24 hours of
life, with over 75% of them arising in the first week of life. New born mortality is a sensitive
indicator of the quality of care provided during the antenatal period, delivery and immediate
postnatal period.

Objective
The broad objectives of this study is to identify the factor influencing utilization of KMC among
postnatal mother who gave birth to preterm and low birth weight babies at NDH

Methodology:

A descriptive cross-sectional study will be conducted as a study design; the study will involve 20
respondents among women who admitted on postnatal ward and attending in Nyamagana District
Hospital in Nyamagana District. This was a descriptive cross sectional hospital based study. Data
collection was done using a pre-structured questionnaires and convenience sampling method was
used to obtain the likely sample size which was estimated to be 20 clients

6
Conclusion
The studies indicate that dietary diversity among the pregnant women was good as majority had
high and medium dietary diversity based. The research data indicate that the majority take five
types of diet through their pregnant period though the nutrient requirements for both the
macronutrients and the micro nutrients for the pregnant women were not being met to some
women due to factors like poverty, cultural belief and low knowledge

7
 CHAPTER ONE

1.0. INTRODUCTION

1.1.0 Background of the study.

Kangaroo Mother Care, also called kangaroo care or skin-to-skin contact, was initially developed
in Colombia in the 1970s for low birth weight and preterm infants who no longer needed
intensive care. The discovery of KMC contributed to the reduction of mortality and morbidity of
preterm infants. Although it was initially developed for use with preterm and low birth weight
babies, KMC is beneficial for all babies as constant contact with their mothers and their warmth,
breast milk, love, and protection are all basic requirements needed for their well-being and
survival. Tanzania is among those countries that have had success in reducing child mortality,
24% reduction in under-fives and 31% reduction in infant mortality. The reduction in infant
mortality was mostly post neonatal and there has been no significant progress in reducing
neonatal deaths. The neonatal mortality rate was 40.4 per 1,000 live births in 1999 and 32 per
1,000 live births in 2004/05(TDHS). Up to 50% of neonatal deaths occur in the first 24 hours of
life, with over 75% of them arising in the first week of life. New born mortality is a sensitive
indicator of the quality of care provided during the antenatal period, delivery and immediate
postnatal period.

Low birth weight (LBW) has detrimental effects on the survival, growth and development of
new-borns and carries an increased risk of neonatal mortality. It is estimated that around 16% of
babies are born with low birth weight in Tanzania most of whom are born prematurely. An
estimated 27% of neon’s deaths are directly due to complications of preterm birth (TDHS
2004/5). In less developed countries including Tanzania, high rates of LBW are due to preterm
birth and impaired intrauterine growth, and their prevalence is decreasing slowly. Since causes
and determinants remain largely unknown, effective preventive interventions are limited.
Moreover, modern technology is either not available or cannot be used properly, often due to the
shortage of skilled staff. Incubators, for instance, where available, are often insufficient to meet

8
local needs or are not adequately cleaned. Purchase of the equipment and spare parts,
maintenance and repairs are difficult and costly; the power supply is intermittent, so the
equipment does not work properly. Under such circumstances good care of preterm and LBW
babies is difficult: hypothermia and nosocomial infections are frequent, aggravating the poor
outcomes due to prematurity. Frequently and often unnecessarily, incubators separate babies
from their mothers, depriving them of the necessary contact. However, Kangaroo Mother Care
(KMC) is an effective way to meet baby’s needs for warmth, breast feeding, and protection from
infection, stimulation, safety and love.

Additionally, KMC for preterm and low birth weight babies is one of the evidence-based and
cost-effective child health interventions that contribute to reduction in neonatal morbidity and
mortality when implemented at high coverage. It is less labour intensive and requires few/limited
resources than conventional care, hence financially and economically feasible. (Tanzania-
Kangaroo-Mother-Care-Guideline, Reproductive and Child Health August Edition, 2008)

9
1.2 Problem Statement.
Newborn deaths currently account for approximately 40% of all deaths of children under five
years of age in developing countries, the three major causes being birth asphyxia, infections, and
complications due to prematurity and low birth weight (LBW).2 To achieve Millennium
Development Goal (MDG) 4,3 developing countries must address and reduce the excessively
high neonatal mortality rate: more than 20 million babies are born premature and/or with LBW
each year, with 95% occurring in the developing world. Birth weight is a significant determinant
of newborn survival. LBW is an underlying factor in 60–80% of all neonatal deaths. In fact,
prematurity is the largest direct cause of neonatal mortality, accounting for an estimated 29% of
the 3.6 million neonatal deaths every year (Lawn et al. 2010). LBW infants are approximately 20
times more likely to die, compared with heavier babies (Kramer 1987). One-third of LBW babies
die within the first 12 hours after delivery. One of the main reasons that LBW/premature babies
are at greater risk of illness and death is that they lack the ability to control their body
temperature—i.e., they get cold or hypothermic very quickly. A cold newborn stops feeding and
is more susceptible to infection. This study will help to identify the barriers of parents to practice
kangaroo mother care despite of good improvements and actions taken to initiate kangaroo
mother care to different health facilities.

1.3 Significance Of The Study.

The study is concerning about the factor influencing utilization of kangaroo mother care among
postnatal mother who gave birth to premature and low birth weight babies at NDH, where
improving kangaroo mother care will help the infants temperature stable, stimulate the babies
breathing, enables exclusive breast feeding, and will promote mother and baby bonding and also
KMC for preterm and low birth weight babies it is a cost-effective child health intervention that
contribute to the reduction of neonatal morbidity and mortality rates when is implemented and
used in a high coverage. The research on barriers for parents to practice kangaroo mother care to
premature and low birth weight babies at NDH.

10
1.4 OBJECTIVES.

1.1.4.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE.

The general objectives of this study is to identify the factor influencing utilization of KMC
among postnatal mother who gave birth to preterm and low birth weight babies at NDH.

1.1.4.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES.

 To identify factor influencing utilization of KMC at Nyamagana DH

 To assess the knowledge of the parents on kangaroo mother care at NyamaganaDH.

 To identify the social cultural barriers of the parents on the practice of kangaroo mother
care at NyamaganaDH.

 To assess the level of care provided to the parents, premature and low birth weight babies
on practice of kangaroo mother care at NyamaganaDH.

 To assess the knowledge and number of trained nurses on practice of kangaroo mother
care at NyamaganaDH.

11
RESEARCH QUESTIONS

 What are the factor influencing utilization of KMC at NDH?

 What is the level of knowledge to the parents of understanding on

kangaroo mother care?

 What are the social cultural barriers that hinders the practice of
kangaroo mother care to parents?

 How can level of care to parents, premature and low birth weight babies
improved on practice of kangaroo mother care?

 What are the resources and equipment’s the health facility providing on
practice of kangaroo mother care?

 Does the health care provider support parent on practice of kangaroo

mother care during postnatal?

12
 CHAPTER TWO.

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

Six themes emerge on barriers and enablers to KMC adoption buy in and bonding, social
support, time, training and cultural norms. Analysis of intervention between health care workers
and facilities yield further barriers and enablers in the area of training, communication, and
support. HCWs and health facility serves as two important adopters of KMC within a health
system. The complex component of KMC lead to multifaceted barriers and enablers to
integration which inform facility regional and country level recommendations for increasing
adoption (Health Policy Planning,2017).

The complexity of KMC and lack of a standardized operational definition makes it challenging
to implement. Major themes concerning barriers and enablers for implementation of KMC are
buy in and bonding, social support, Time, access, and context. (BMC Pediatr.2017).

This systematic review sought to identify the most frequent reported barriers to KMC practice
for mothers, fathers, and health practitioners as well as the most frequently reported enablers to
practice for mothers. Four of the top five ranked barriers to KMC practice for mothers were
resource related "issues with the facility environment/resources', "negative impression of staff
attitudes or interactions with staff", "lack of help with KMC practice or other obligations", and
"low awareness of KMC/infant health." considering only publications from low and middle
income countries, "pain/fatigue" was ranked higher than when considering all publications. Top
enablers to practice were included "mother-infant attachment" and "support from family, friends,
and other mentors." Our findings suggest that mother can understand and enjoy KMC, and it has
benefits for mothers, infants, and families. However continuous KMC may be physically and
emotionally difficult, and often requires support from family members, health practitioners, or
other mothers. These findings can serve as a starting point for researchers and program
implementers looking to improve KMC programs. (PloS One.2015).

However, implementation of KMC has been inconsistent across different health systems with
several factors affecting its adoption, including availability of health workers and resources,

13
absence of health worker training, and lack of government support (Bergh et al. 2014; Vesel et
al., 2015).

We identified six themes that describe the barriers and enablers encountered by HCWs and
facilities (Table 2): buy-in (acceptance of KMC and its benefits), social support and
empowerment (encouragement and aid in performing KMC), time (time to train and provide
KMC), medical concerns (health status of mother or infant), access (availability of training and
resources), and cultural norms (sociocultural context of new-born care and facility policies).
(Health Policy and Planning, Volume 32, Issue 10, December 2017, )

• The findings revealed that community stakeholders were generally aware of health issues
especially related to maternal al and neonatal health. Both the health care providers and
managers were supportive of implementing KMC in their respective health facilities as
well as for continuous use of KMC at household level. In order to initiate KMC at facility
level, study respondents emphasized on ensuring availability of equipment, supplies,
water-sanitation facility, modified patient ward (e.g., curtain, separate room) and quality
of services as well as training of health providers as critical prerequisites. Also in order to
continue practicing KMC at household level, engaging the community and establishing
functional referral linkage between community and facilities were focused issues in
facility and community level. (PLOS ONE | http While Sub-Saharan Africa has the
world’s highest child mortality rate, the absolute decline in child mortality has been the
largest over the past two decade. According to UNICEF in Tanzania Estimates indicate
85 per cent of newborn deaths in Tanzania are due to three main causes—severe
infections (primarily sepsis and pneumonia), complications of preterm births, and
asphyxia. Approximately 39,000 babies die annually, of these 17,000 in their first day of
life, and about 47,550 babies more are stillborn. More over data shows that over 200,000
children are born prematurely in Tanzania every year, and approximately 9,500 of them
do not survives://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213225 June 17, 2019)

14
CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK
A conceptual frame work was developed to guide the formative research and identify factors
important for promoting KMC in the community [ fig] 1we believe that adoption of KMC by the
mother and family members would be largely influenced by factors of various level individual
household community social cultural and religious awareness about knowledge about benefit of
skills to practise it figure below

Household and mothers

Community Acceptance . Knowledge and belief that KMC

is useful feasible and safe
. community influencers
support KMC KMC Adoption by
. community members, mothers and family
health professionals,
community health workers
understand benefit
Supportive Home Environment
. Family support
. Conducive physical at home

FIG 1. Conceptual model to achieve High adoption of KMC

15
 CHAPTER THREE.

3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Study Design

The study type that will be used is descriptive cross-sectional This will helping to obtain
sufficient data.

3.2 Study Area

The area of this study will be conducted in Mwanza Region but the findings of this study can as
well be suitable to be used for generalization of the study area itself as well as other Regions in
Tanzania as they posses’ similar geographic and demographic characteristics. Mwanza is a town
with a population of 2,772,509 (2012 census) in the eastern of Tanzania,1,126KM west of Dar es
salaam, the country large city and commercial Centre, and KM west676 of Dodoma, the
country’s capital city (NBS 2016).
3 .3 Study Setting.
The study will be conducted at Nyamagana District Hospital, because it is near from the
researcher home so it reduced cost of the study, and also it is the among facility that offers KMC
services to people of Nyamagana district.

3.4 Study Population.

The study population involves all mothers who’s their babies are admitted to NICU following
prematurity and low birth weight.

3.5 Inclusion
All mothers who can read and write, also those mothers who are their babies admitted to NICU
following prematurity and low birth weight only.

3.6 Exclusion
All mothers who cannot read and write, also mothers who’s their babies are admitted to NICU
following other new-borns conditions except for prematurity and low birth weight.

16
3.1.7 Sample Size.
The study will involve 30 mothers who’s their babies are admitted to Neonatal intensive care
unit following prematurity and low birth weight.

Formula for calculating sample size;

Formula N ⁼Z²PQ
d²
Where by
N=Minimum sample size
Z=constant standard really deviation (1.96 for 95%)
P=Population proportion with characteristics of interest 1.34 % (0.021)
Q=1―P
d=Acceptable margin of error 5% (0.05)
I=Unchanging value (constant value)
Therefore:
N= (1.96) ²×0.0134(1―0.0134)
(0.05) ²
N=3.8416×0.0137×0.9866
0.0025
N=0.05078
0.0025
N=30.31
Therefore, the minimum sample size for this study will be 30 respondents

17
3.7 Sampling Technique.
The sampling method will be use is simple random probability sampling technique, because the
the population is small and known, and also every member of the population has the equal
chance to be selected.

3.8 Justification Of Selected Sampling Technique.

The sampling technique selected will help me in selecting a sample that will provide the Data on
KMC also, it was helped to get adequate number of participants depending on The availability at
the time of data collection.

3.9 Data Collection Methods.

The method of data collection were direct data collection method, that collection of information
from the primary source including direct to the person.

3.10 Data Collection Tools.

The questionnaires were used to collect information from respondents.

3.11 Data Analysis Method

A quantitative data analysis method All information will analyze manually by using data master
sheet and presented in research report by using tables, bar charts, pie charts and histogram

3.12 Ethical Consideration

This study were obtained Ethical approval from Tandabui institute of Health and Allied Science,
Research ethical review committee letter were submitted to Medical Officer in charge at
Nyamagana District Hospital to ask for permission to conduct study. Confidentiality was
maintained. Therefore, no name of participant was mentioned

18
 RESEARCH WORK PLAN

APPENDIX 1: Work Plan

MONTHS DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY

WEEKS 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3

ACTIVITIES

Preparation of research proposal

Collect the research data

Analysis and interpretation research

data
Write the research report

Submission of research report

19
RESEARCH BUDGET

ACTIVITY RESOURCE UNIT NUMBER COST OF TOTAL

UNIT EACH COST
UNIT.
Proposal was A4 papers Ream 2 12000 18000
prepared. Pen Pc 5 300 1500
Notebook Pc 2 1000 2000
Internet GB 5 1500 7500
Proposal Binding fee Proposal 2 5000 10000
submitted.
Data Questionnaire Copy 25 900 22500
collection. Pen Pc 15 300 4500
Pencil Pc 10 200 2000
Clear bag Pc 3 2000 6000
Data process Data analysis Day 2 30000 60000
analyzed. fee.

Report Binding fee Copy 4 5000 20000

production. Photocopy Copy 3 15000 45000
fee.
Printing fee Copy 2 6000 12000
Total cost 192,000/=

REFERENCES

20
1. Tanzania- kangaroo-mother-care guideline (Reproductive and Child Health August
Edition 2008).
2. United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. UNICEF Data:
Monitoring the Situation of Children and Women: United Nations International
Children’s Emergency Fund; 2017 [Internet]. https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-
survival/neonatal-mortality/ (15 May 2018, date last accessed).
3. Seidman G, Unnikrishnan S, Kenny E, et al. Barriers and enablers of kangaroo mother
care practice: a systematic review. PLoS One 2015;10: e0125643.
4. Chan G, Bergeson I, Smith ER, et al. Barriers and enablers of kangaroo mother care
implementation from a health systems perspective: a systematic review. Health Policy
Plan 2017; 32:1466–75.
5. Smith ER, Bergeson I, Constantin S, et al. Barriers and enablers of health system
adoption of kangaroo mother care: a systematic review of caregiver perspectives. BMC
Paediatric 2017; 17:35.
6. Sloan NL, Ahmed S, Mitra SN, et al. Community-based kangaroo mother care to prevent
neonatal and infant mortality: a randomized controlled cluster trial. Paediatrics 2008;121:
e1047–59.
7. Chan GJ, Labar AS, Wall S, et al. Kangaroo mother care: a systematic review of barriers
and enablers. Bull World Health Organ 2016; 94:130–41.
8. Conde-Agudelo A, Diaz-Rosselo JL. Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and
mortality in low birthweight infants. Cochrane Database System Rev
2016;23:CD002771.
9. Leonard A, Mayer’s P: Parents’ lived experience of providing kangaroo care to their
preterm infants. 2008, 13(4):13.
10. Vessel L, ten Absorbed AH, Manu A, Soremekun S, Taiwan Agyemang C, Okyere E ea:
Promoting skin-to-skin care for low birthweight babies: findings from the Ghana New
hints cluster-randomised trial. Trop Med into Health 2013, 18:952–961.
https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12134 PMID: 23731228.

21
 11. National Statistics Tanzania (2015) State of the World’s Children 2015:
http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/tanzania_statistics.html (accessed November
22015)
12(Diaz J, et al,2016) The effects of environment factor on low birth weight in premature baby

22
INFORMED CONSENT {English version}

FACTOR INFLUENCING UTILIZATION OF KANGAROO MOTHER CARE AMONG

POSTNATAL MOTHER WHO GAVE BIRTH TO PRETERM AND LOW BIRTH
WEIGHT AT NYAMAGANA DISTRICT HOSPITAL.

INTRODUCTION
I am Kunibert Mangosongo a student nurse from Tandabui Institute of Health and Allied
Science, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, a holder of diploma level. This research is a part
of partial fulfilment of the requirements for diploma in Nursing.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY.

The study will help to explore on the factor for the parents to practice Kangaroo Mother Care to
Premature and Low Birth Weight Babies at NDH.
PROCEDURE.
The research contains questions, and answer will be answered according to the awareness of
participants, the duration of the study will take 15 to 20 minutes to answer questionnaires which
are already prepared.

. BENEFIT.
To create awareness on the factor influencing a parents to practice KMC, that will help on
improvement of the practice of KMC at the health facility.

CONFIDENTIALITY.
All information collected will anonymous and this will be maintained by using codes and no
name will be asked or guided.

23
 DISSERMINATION OF RESULTS
The study results will be sent to Tandabui Institute of Health and Allied Science and to the Head
of Nyamagana District Hospital.

CONSENT: I have read and understand this consent form I have no further questions and
I understand that by signing this form below, I am agreeing to participate in this study. I
have signed this form prior and I have my copy of the consent to keep.

............................. ..........................

Participant signature Date

24
APPENDIX IV

QUESTIONARE: ENGLISH VERSION

SECTION ‘A PERSONAL PERTICULARS

Address………………………….
Age…………………………
Sex……………………………
Educational level …………………………

SECTION ‘B’ QUESTIONS

Write the most correct answer in the box provided.
1. Have you heard about kangaroo mother care?
a) Yes.
b) No. ( )
2. If, yes where did you hear it from?
a) Hospital.
b) Market.
c) Media. ( )
3.What do you know about Kangaroo mother care?
........................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
4. During pregnancy, were you able to obtain any information’s about KMC at antenatal
clinic?
a) Yes.
b) No. ( )
5. Are there any benefits of practicing kangaroo mother care?
a) Yes.
b) No. ( )

25
6. If yes, can you practice kangaroo mother care?
a) Yes.
b) No. ( )
7. Does your husband and other family members know the benefits of kangaroo mother care?
a) Yes.
b) No. ( )
8.If, yes are they ready to practice KMC with you?
a) Yes.
b) No. ( )

9. Is there enough number of staffs to provide KMC services?

a) Yes.
b) No. ( )
10.If, yes, does they assist and give you much information’s about KMC?
a) Yes.
b) No. ( )
11.What are the other challenges your facing while practicing KMC?
………………………………………...........................
………………………………........................................
……………………………..........................................
12.Is there any help from the health facility provide to you on practicing KMC?
a) Yes.
b) No. ( )
13.If yes, which one of the following does the facility level provide, put a tick;
a) Separate rooms/curtains in wards to ensure privacy. ( )
b) Equipment and supplies needed to ensure functional unit for critical neonatal care. ( )
c) Water and Sanitation facilities to maintain hygiene. ( )
d) Supplies (e.g., KMC binder and clothes) for mother and new born to practice KMC.
( )

26
14.Does your cultural, customs and norms allows you to conduct KMC?
a) Yes.
b) No. ( )
15. Since you have started practicing KMC, is there any changes to your baby?
a) Yes.
b) No. ( )
16. If yes which one of the following have you observed, put a tick:
a) Weight gain. ( )
b) Good sucking ability. ( )
c) Temperature stable. ( )
d) Breathing of baby stimulated. ( )
e) Increasing bonding between mother and baby. ( )
17. Will you continue practicing KMC at home?
a) Yes.
b) No. ( )
18. If yes, will your advice it to other needy mothers?
a) Yes.
b) No. ( )
19.What was the practical problems while doing KMC? (mention)
……………….....................................
…………………......................................
……………….....................................
20.What advices can you give to health providers, hospital and other family members
concerning about KMC?
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................
.........................................

27
APPENDIX V

DODOSO LA MSHIRIKI

SEHEMU ‘A’ TAARIFA ZA MSHIRIKI

Anuani ya makazi………………………………...
Umri………………………………………………
Jinsia……………………………………………...
Elimu……………………………………………...

SEHEMU’ B MASWALI
Chagua herufi sahihi na ujaze katika mabano.
1. Je, umeshawahi kusikia kuhusu njia ya kangaroo?
a) Ndiyo.
b) Hapana. ( )
Kama jibu ni Ndiyo, ulisikia wapi?
a. Hospitali.
b. Sokoni.
c. Vyombo vya habari
d. Chanzo kingine. ( )
Unafahamu nini kuhusu njia ya kangaroo?
............................................................................
............................................................................
2. Je, uliweza kupata habari zozote juu ya njia ya kangaroo, wakati wa ujauzito?
a. Ndiyo.
b. Hapana. ( )
3. Je, kuna faida zozote za kutumia njia ya kangaroo kwa watoto?
a. Ndiyo.
b. Hapana.
c. Sijui. ( )

28
Kama jibu ni Ndiyo, unaweza kutumia njia ya kangaroo?
a. Ndiyo.
b. Hapana. ( )
4. Je, mume wako pamoja na washiriki wako wa famila wanatambua umuhimu wowote wa
kutumia njia ya kangaroo?
a. Ndiyo.
b. Hapana. ( )
Kama jibu ni Ndiyo, je, wako tayari kusaidiana na wewe katika kutumia njia ya kangaroo?
a. Ndiyo.
b. Hapana. ( )
5. Je, watumishi wa afya wanatosha katika utoaji wa huduma ya njia ya kangaroo?
a. Ndiyo.
b. Hapana. ( )
Kama jibu ni Ndiyo, je wanakupa msaada na mwongozo wa jinsi ya kutumia njia ya kangaroo?
a. Ndiyo.
b. Hapana. ( )
6. Ni changamoto zipi zinazokukabili hasa unapotumia njia ya kangaroo? Taja,
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
7. Je, kuna msaada wowote unaopata kutoka katika hospitali juu ya kutumia njia ya
kangaroo?
a. Ndiyo.
b. Hapana. ( )
Kama jibu ni Ndiyo, ni misaada ipi kati ya zifuatazo, weka tiki;
a. Vyumba vilivyotengwa katika wodi ili kutokeza faragha. ( )
b. Vifaa muhimu kwa ajili ya huduma muhimu kwa watoto wachanga. ( )
c. Maji safi na mazingira salama ili kuhakihisha usafi. ( )
d. Vifaa (Kama KMC binder na nguo) kwa ajili ya kutumia njia ya kangaroo. ( )

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 8. Je, tamaduni, desturi na kanuni za jamii yako zinakuruhusu kutumia njia ya kangaroo?
a. Ndiyo.
b. Hapana. ( )
9. Toka ulipoanza kutumia njia ya kangaroo, je kuna mabadiliko yoyote uliyo yaona kwa
mtoto wako?
a. Ndiyo.
b. Hapana. ( )
Kama jibu ni Ndiyo, mabadiliko hayo ni yapi kati ya yafuatayo, weka tiki;
a. ulioimarika wa kunyonya. ( )
b. Kuimalika Kwa joto la Kuongezeka uzito. ( )
c. Uwezo mwili. ( )
d. Uwezo wa kupumua vizuri. ( )
e. Uhusiano wa mama na mtoto umeongezeka. ( )
10. Je, utaendelea kutumia njia ya kangaroo utakapokuwa nyumbani?
a. Ndiyo.
b. Hapana. ( )
Kama jibu ni Ndiyo, je utawaeleza akina mama wengine juu ya njia ya kangaroo?
a. Ndiyo.
b. Hapana. ( )
11. Ni matatizo gani mengine uliyokumbana nayo wakati ukitumia njia ya kangaroo? Taja;
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12. Ni ushauri gani ungependa kutoa Kwa, Wahudumu wa afya, hospitali pamoja na
washiriki wako wa familia juu ya njia ya kangaroo kwa watoto? Taja;
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