DISSERTATION

PRESENTATION
REG NO: 20NO119
PROBLEM STATEMENT
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING RISK
FACTORS OF PLACENTA PREVIA AMONG THE
ANTENATAL MOTHERS WHO ARE ATTENDING
ANTENATAL CLINICS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS,
BANGALORE
INTRODUCTION
 The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during
pregnancy. This structure provides oxygen and nutrients to
a growing baby. It also removes waste products from the
baby's blood.
 The placenta might attach in the lower area of the uterus.
When the placenta is implanted partially or completely in
the lower uterine segment it is called placenta previa.
NEED FOR THE STUDY

 A retrospective cohort study was been conducted between

April 2000 and February 2009 in England and it was
concluded that Placenta previa can have serious adverse
consequences for both mother and baby, including an
increased risk of maternal and neonatal mortality, fetal
growth restriction, preterm delivery, antenatal and
intrapartum haemorrhage.
 Women may require a blood transfusion or even an
emergency hysterectomy.
 The risk of placenta previa is also reported to be higher
among women with previous uterine surgery, including
caesarean section
OBJECTIVES
1. To assess the pre-test knowledge score regarding
placenta previa and to assess the attitude towards it
among antenatal mothers.
2. To plan and execute a structured teaching programme
among antenatal mothers.
3. To determine the effectiveness of structured teaching
programme on knowledge regarding placenta previa
among antenatal mothers.
4. To determine the association between the pretest
knowledge score regarding placenta previa among
antenatal mothers with selected demographic variables.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:-

1. Assess: In this study, it refers to an activity to decide the level of

knowledge of placenta previa among ante-natal mothers in ante-
natal clinics in selected hospital.
2. Effectiveness: It refers to the improvement in level of
knowledge on placenta previa among ante-natal mothers after the
structured Teaching Programme as determined by a structured
knowledge questionnaire.
3. Structured teaching programme: It refers to a method of
teaching the ante-natal mothers with the use of flash cards and
pamphlets for a period of 40 minutes.
4. Knowledge: It refers as a method of antenatal mothers'
understanding and ability to answer the structured knowledge
questionnaire on placenta previa.
5. Attitude: It refers to a beliefs or behavior of antenatal
mothers towards placenta previa.
6. Risk Factors: It refers to something which increases a
woman’s chances of developing placenta previa.
7. Placenta Previa: Placenta Previa is referred to a complete
or partial covering of the internal os of the cervix with the
placenta. 8. Ante-Natal Mothers: In this study, it refers as
Mothers who are in the period of 2 nd and 3rd trimester
HYPOTHESES: -

 H1: There will be significant difference between pretest

and posttest knowledge score on placenta previa among
ante-natal mothers after attending structured teaching
programme.

 H2: There will be a significant association between pre-

test knowledge score on placenta previa with selected
demographic variables of ante-natal mothers.
ASSUMPTIONS

The study assumes that,

1. Ante-natal mothers may have some knowledge regarding
placenta previa.

2. Structured teaching programme may help ante-natal

mothers to improve knowledge regarding placenta previa.
DELIMITATIONS: -

Study is delimited to:

 60 Ante natal mothers
 Ante-natal clinics in Selected hospitals of Bangalore.
 4-week period of data collection.
 Ante-natal mothers who can read and write English and
Kannada.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The related literature is organized and presented under the

following headings:
SECTION A. Literature related to incidence of Placenta
Previa.
SECTION B. Literature related to Placenta Previa and its
management.
SECTION C. Literature related to knowledge of ante-natal
mothers regarding Placenta Previa.
SECTION D. Literature related to effectiveness of
structured teaching programme for mothers.
SECTION A: LITERATURE RELATED TO
INCIDENCE OF PLACENTA PREVIA.
 The worldwide incidence of Abnormally
invasive placenta (AIP) has increased dramatically over
the past 50 years and is now reported to be between 2 and
90 per 10,000 births. To a great extent the wide range in
incidence can be explained by differences in study design,
the definition of AIP used, and to some extent differences
in the population studied. The incidence has risen ten-fold
from the 1970s. The increased rate of AIP is parallel to the
rise in rate of cesarean deliveries.[33]
 A prospective observational study carried out at in the Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a tertiary care hospital of
Northern India for a period of six months between Feb 2018 to
July 2018. Total number of patients delivered during this period
was 6840 and out of which 35 patients were diagnosed with
placenta previa, so the incidence is 0.51%. Incidence of placenta
previa was the highest in the maternal age group 20-30 years i.e.,
71.42%. Placenta previa was noticed in 17.14% of the women
with previous cesarean section. Caesarean hysterectomy was
performed in 2.85%, 11.42% of the women had postpartum
hemorrhage. Perinatal morbidity was studied as the percentage of
babies requiring resuscitation and NICU admission which was
25.71 %. There was 19.99 % perinatal mortality. [34]
SECTION B: LITERATURE RELATED TO
RISK FACTORS OF PLACENTA PREVIA.

 A large multicentric US cohort study noted that for

women presenting with placenta previa and prior
caesarean delivery, the risk of PAS was 3%, 11%, 40%,
61% and 67% for first, second, third, fourth and fifth or
more caesarean deliveries, respectively. A national case–
control study using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System
found that the incidence of PAS increases from 1.7 per 10 
000 births overall to 577 per 10 000 births in women with
both a previous caesarean delivery and placenta previa. [36]
 This retrospective case-control study included a total of 202
singleton pregnancies with placenta previa during a 10-year study
period and 1,004 randomly selected simple singleton controls. Data
on potential risk factors for placenta previa development were
carefully extracted from medical records, reviewed, and compared
with a control group of women. The most important obstetric
factors for placenta previa development were advanced maternal
age especially >34 years, 3 or more previous pregnancies, parity of
2 and more, rising number of previous abortions, and history of
previous cesarean section, history of drug abuse and previous
placenta previa. Smoking cigarettes was significantly less frequent
in women with placenta previa. Preterm delivery still remains the
greatest problem in pregnancies complicated with placenta previa.
SECTION C: LITERATURE RELATED TO
KNOWLEDGE OF ANTENATAL MOTHERS
REGARDING PLACENTA PREVIA.

 A descriptive study was conducted in Andhra Pradesh

among 40 antenatal mothers, to assess the knowledge,
attitude, practice and problems of ante-natal mothers
regarding placenta previa. The study revealed that only
4% are aware about Placenta Previa. It left with a
conclusion that antenatal mothers lack knowledge about
placenta previa and its management.[37]
 The study was conducted which was aimed to determine the level of health literacy and
assess the knowledge of placenta previa among pregnant women. From among all pregnant
women who presented to the hospital's obstetric polyclinic during the study's timeline, the
study group consisted of 460 women who agreed to take part (492 women were invited and
a response rate of 93.5% was achieved). A questionnaire prepared based on the literature in
line with the study's objectives was completed by the participants under supervision. The
Turkish Health Literacy Scale (THLS-32) was used to assess health literacy. In order to
determine the women's knowledge levels, a total of 20 knowledge-testing statements
prepared using the literature were applied, 14 of which were true and six of which were
false. The internal consistency of antenatal information questions during pregnancy was
made and the Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.77. It was determined that
33.9% of the participants had a sufficient level of health literacy. Health literacy was
sufficient in young married women (19 years and less) in their first pregnancy and those
who had regular reading habits, participated in healthcare activities and received postpartum
care at a family health clinic (p < 0.05 for each). 'Over 35% of women had inadequate
knowledge. It was found that pregnant women with sufficient health literacy had higher
levels of knowledge about Placenta previa (p < 0.05). In this study, it was determined that
approximately two-thirds of the participants had insufficient health literacy and the women
with insufficient health literacy had low levels of knowledge about Placenta previa .
SECTION D: LITERATURE RELATED TO
EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED
TEACHING PROGRAME FOR MOTHERS.

 The study was done to determine the effectiveness of

structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding
Placenta previa and its management. The result of this study
shows that there is an improvement in knowledge of mothers
after the teaching programme. The structured teaching
programme plan prepared for this study has helped the Nurses
to teach the mothers about placenta previa. So, the Nurses
have the important role in teaching.[38]
 In Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research (AJNER) is an international, peer-reviewed journal
devoted to nursing sciences an article was published in 2017. The study was to assess the knowledge in
relation to prevention of complications among selected high risk antenatal mothers before and after planned
teaching program and Find out the association between pre-test knowledge in relation to prevention of
complications and selected demographic variables among selected high risk antenatal mothers. A descriptive
evaluatory approach was selected to assess the knowledge and practices of mothers before and after planned
teaching. The sample consists of 60 mother’s withthe age of 18 to 45, between 15 to 35th week of gestation
and diagnosed as pre-eclampsia/ placenta previa /anaemia/previous history of PIH or anaemia /elderly
primigravida/grand multiparaity and the sampling technique was disproportionate quota sampling. Quasi
experimental design was adopted where the group was assessed with structured questionnaire. The content
validity of the tool was established by giving it to 14 experts and reliability of the tool was tested by using
Spearman’s rank correlation formula and the r value obtained was 0.85 for knowledge and 0.89 for practices.
The effectiveness of the planned teaching was assessed by test re test method. The data obtained was analyzed
by descriptive and inferential statistics. The finding of the study was the pretest knowledge score (24.67) has
significantly increased (53.15) and the pretest practices score (25.72) has significantly increased
(55.05).Hence it can be inferred planned teaching programme is effective. The association was checked using
chi square, it can be inferred there is association of pretest knowledge with selected demographic
characteristic type of the family and duration of marriage and there is no association between pretest
knowledge and selected demographic characteristic age of among selected high risk antenatal mother’s
therefore null hypotheses can be rejected. The study revealed that planned teaching programme regarding
prevention of complications among selected high risk antenatal mothers was effective as it improved the
knowledge and practice level significantly.
METHODOLOGY
Research approach
 Quantitative approach

Research design
 one group pre-test post-test pre-experimental research
design.
 It was classified as pre experimental as, there was no
control group and samples were selected by non-
probability convenient sampling technique.
Setting of the study
 Sunshine Hospital, Bangalore.

Population:
The target population of the comprised of Ante natal
mothers in Sunshine Hospital, Bangalore.

Sample and sample size

60 Antenatal mothers of selected sunshine Hospital,
Bangalore were selected.
Sampling technique and sample size
 In this study, non-probability convenient sampling
technique will be used for selecting 60 samples.
Criteria for selection of samples
 Sampling criteria specifies the characteristics that the
sample in population must possess to be included in the
study or excluded from the study.
Inclusion criteria:
Ante-natal mothers who are:
 1. willing to participate in the study.
 2. present at the time of data collection.
 3. within the ante-natal period of 2nd and 3rd trimester
 4. able to read and write English and Kannada.
Exclusion criteria:

Ante-natal mothers who:

 1. have already undergone training programme on
placenta previa.
 2. are not Willing to participate in the study.
 3. are not Present at the time of data collection.
 4. are not within the ante-natal period of 2nd and 3rd
trimester
 5. are not able to read and write English and Kannada.
Selection and development of tool

 After an extensive review of literature and discussion with

experts, questionnaire and structured teaching programme
was prepared; structure knowledge was developed to
assess the level of knowledge regarding Placenta Previa
among Antenatal mothers of selected hospital, Bangalore.
 The tool comprised of 2 Sections:
 Section A: Socio-Demographic variables Demographic data
consisted of 14 items, which included age, birth order in the
family, religion, educational status, occupation of Husband and
mother, type of family, family income, occupation of husband
and wife, previous history and knowledge about Placenta
previa etc.
 Section B: Knowledge questionnaire. It consists of 50 items on
Placenta Previa. The items were developed to cover different
areas such as general information, meaning, incidence, causes,
management and Complications of Placenta previa.
  
Scoring key

 For each correct response a score of one was given. The

maximum score of the tool was 60. To interpret, the score
was categorized into
 ➢ Poor knowledge =(0-25%)
 ➢ Average knowledge=(26-50%)
 ➢ Good knowledge= (51-75%)
 ➢ Very good knowledge=(76-100)
Procedure for data collection (Main
study)
 A formal consent from Sunshine hospital authorities was taken. Then the
sample was selected through a non-probability convenient sampling
technique. Written consent was taken from the participants after giving a
Structured teaching programme and explaining the purpose of the study.
The investigator established the rapport and assured the confidentiality of
the data collected. The investigator collected date in three phases from 1 st
April – 30th April.
 Phase I: Selection of the participants. The Antenatal mothers were
assembled; self introduction, purpose of conducting study was explained.
 Phase II: Pre test and administration of Structured Teaching Programme.
The structured knowledge questionnaire was distributed, and instructions
given on answers the questionnaire and doubts were clarified, each
Antenatal mother took 25 to 35 minutes to answer the questionnaire.
 Phase III: Post test after 7 days of Structured Teaching Programme.
PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS

 The data analysis was planned to include descriptive and

inferential statistics.
 Descriptive statistics
 a) Frequency and percentage distribution will be used to
analyze the socio demographic variables.
 b) Mean, mean percentage and standard deviation will be
used to assess the pre-test and post-test knowledge score
of participants.
Inferential statistics
 a) Paired “t” test will be used to assess the effectiveness of
Structured Teaching Programme.
 b) “Chi- square” test will be used to find out the
association of pre test level knowledge with selected
demographic variables of participants.
  
RESULT

 Presentation of data
 This chapter deals with analysis and interpretation of data collected from 60 Antenatal mothers
residing in selected hospital Bangalore, in order to assess their knowledge regarding Placenta previa
in ante natal mothers. In order to find the relationship, the data were tabulated, analyzed and
interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics. The data are presented under the following
headings:
SECTION 1: Description of socio demographic variables of Ante natal mothers.
SECTION 2: Assessment of Knowledge scores of Ante natal mothers regarding Placenta previa.
 a) Aspect wise pre test knowledge scores regarding Placenta Previa among Antenatal mothers.
 b) Pre test level of knowledge regarding Placenta previa among Antenatal mothers.
 c) Aspect wise post test knowledge scores regarding Placenta previa among Ante natal mothers.
 d) Post test level of knowledge regarding Placenta previa among Ante natal mothers.

SECTION 3: Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme.

 a) Comparison of pretest and post test level of knowledge regarding Placenta previa.
 b) Aspect wise comparison of pre and post test knowledge regarding Placenta previa among
Antenatal mothers.
 c) Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Placenta previa among Ante natal mothers

SECTION 4: Association of pre test knowledge scores with selected demographic variables.
 SECTION 1: Description of socio demographic
variables of Ante natal mothers.
1. Percentage distribution of Antenatal
mothers according to their age

Age of the Antenatal mothers

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
18-25 years 26-30 years 30-40 years Above 40 years
2. Percentage distribution of Antenatal mothers according to their
Religion

Religion of the mother

13% 10%

Christian
Hindu
Muslim
others

77%
3. Percentage distribution of Antenatal mothers
according to their Education

Education of Mother

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%
Illiterate Up to X standard Up to XII standard Graduate
4. Percentage distribution of Antenatal
mothers according to their Education of
spouse
Education of Spouse

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Illiterate Up to X standard Up to XII standard Graduate Post Graduate and above
5. Percentage distribution of Antenatal mothers
according to their Year during marriage

Year of mother during marriage

13%
3%

18-22 years
23-26 years
26-30 years
Above 30 years

25% 58%
6. Percentage distribution of Antenatal mothers
according to the occupation of husband

Occupation of husband

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Self employed Private employed Government employed Unemployed
7. Percentage distribution of Antenatal mothers
according to their Occupation

Occupation of mother

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Self employed Private employed Government employed House wife
8. Percentage distribution of Antenatal mothers
according to the no. of Children

No. of children
1 2 3 Above 3 no child
8%
10% 10%

40%

32%
mothers according to the type of previous
delivery

Type of previous delivery

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Normal delivery Caesarean section none of above
10. Percentage distribution of Antenatal
mothers according to the type of previous
delivery
Had any of these previously

Abortion Miscarriage
Still birth (death of baby after 20th week) 7% (death of baby
3% Before 20th
week)
10%

none of above
80%
11. Percentage distribution of Antenatal mothers
according to the type of Family
Type of family

Extended family

Nuclear family

Joint family

0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
12. Percentage distribution of Antenatal mothers
according to the family income per month

Family income per month in rupees

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
<5,000 5,001-10,000 10,001-30,000 > 30,000
13. Percentage distribution of Antenatal mothers
according to the any habits

Any Habits like

Cigarette Alcohol All of the above none of the above

100%
14. Percentage distribution of Antenatal
mothers according to the previous knowledge

Do you have any previous knowledge/information about Placenta previa?

No Yes

10%

90%
15. Percentage distribution of Antenatal mothers
according to the source of information

If yes specify the source of information

17%

Television/radio/films
Health professionals/health workers
Magazines/newspapers/books
Friends/relatives
Any other

83%
SCORE OF THE ANTE NATAL MOTHERS
REGARDING PLACENTA PREVIA.
regarding Placenta Previa among antenatal
mothers.

Sl. No Area Wise No. of Items Mean S.D Mean %

1. About placenta previa, meaning 16 3.29 0.9 20.3%

and degree

2. Incidence and Indications 6 0.88 0.92 14.6%

3. Causes and predisposing factors 6 1.22 0.89 20.3%

4. Diagnosis 6 1 0.91 16.6%

5. Management 10 3.35 0.833 30.45%

6. Complications 6 1.81 0.835 30.1%

Overall Knowledge 50 11.55 6.33 23.1%

SECTION 2. b) Pre test level of knowledge regarding
Placenta Previa among Ante natal mothers.

SL NO. GRADING OF KNOWLEDGE FREQUENCY (%)

1. Poor knowledge (0 – 25%) 35 58.4%

2. Average knowledge (26 – 50%) 25 41.6%

3. Good knowledge (51 – 75%) 0 0%

4 Very good knowledge (76 – 100%) 0 0%

Total : 60 100%
2.c) Aspect wise post test knowledge regarding
Placenta previa among ante natal mothers.

Sl. No Area Wise No. of Items Mean S.D Mean %

1. About placenta 16 15 0.40 93.75%

previa, meaning

and degree

2. Incidence and 6 5.7 0.22 95%

Indications

3. Causes and 6 5.5 0.29 91.7%

predisposing factors

4. Diagnosis 6 5.65 0.24 94.1%

5. Management 10 9.41 0.24 94.1%

6. Complications 6 5.61 0.254 93.5%

Overall Knowledge 50 46.87 2.266 93.74%

2. d) post test level of knowledge regarding Placenta
previa among ante natal mothers.
SL NO. GRADING OF KNOWLEDGE FREQUENCY (%)

1. Poor knowledge (0 – 25%) 0 0

2. Average knowledge (26 – 50%) 0 0

3. Good knowledge (51 – 75%) 0 0

4 Very good knowledge (76 – 100%) 60 100%

Total : Total 60 100%

SECTION 3: EFFECTIVENESS OF
STRUCTURED TEACHING
PROGRAMME.
knowledge regarding Placenta previa among
antenatal mothers.

SL NO. GRADING OF PRE TEST PRE TEST POST TEST POST TEST

KNOWLEDGE FREQUENCY (%) FREQUENCY (%)

1. Poor knowledge (0 – 25%) 35 58.4% 0 0

2. Average knowledge (26 – 25 41.6% 0 0

50%)

3. Good knowledge (51 – 0 0% 0 0

75%)

4 Very good knowledge (76 – 0 0% 60 100%

100%)

Total 60 100% 60 100%

knowledge regarding Placenta Previa among Ante
natal mothers.

Sl. No Area Wise Pre test Mean Post Test Mean Mean Mean %

Enhancement

1. About placenta 3.29 15 11.71 73.1%

previa, meaning

and degree

2. Incidence and 0.88 5.7 4.82 80%

Indications

3. Causes and 1.22 5.5 4.28 71.3%

predisposing factors

4. Diagnosis 1 5.65 4.65 77.5

5. Management 3.35 9.41 6.06 60.6%

6. Complications 1.81 5.61 3.8 63.3%

Overall Knowledge 11.55 46.87 35.32 70.64%

SECTION 4: Association of pre test knowledge
scores with selected demographic variables.

Over all Knowledge

Median and Above Chi square

below median

N % N %

Age 18-25 years 4 80% 1 20% 2.922 NS

26-30 years 6 85.7% 1 14.3% Df = 3

30-40 years 32 96.9% 1 3.1%

Above 40 years 13 88.3% 2 11.7%

Religion Christian 4 66.6% 2 33.4% 2.314 NS

Hindu 41 91.1% 5 8.9% Df = 3

Muslim 7 87.5% 1 12.5%

Specify if any other 0 0% 0 0%

Religion Christian 4 66.6% 2 33.4% 2.314 NS

Hindu 41 91.1% 5 8.9% Df = 3

Muslim 7 87.5% 1 12.5%

Specify if any other 0 0% 0 0%

Education of Mother illiterate 19 76% 6 24% 0.512 NS

Up to X standard 18 66.6% 9 33.4% Df = 4

Up to XII standard 6 75% 2 25%

Graduate 0 0% 0 0%

Post Graduate and above 0 0% 0 0%

Education of Spouse illiterate 15 78.9% 4 21.1% 1.308 NS

Up to X standard 25 80.64% 6 19.36% Df = 4

Up to XII standard 6 66.6% 3 33.4%

Graduate 1 100% 0 0%

Post Graduate and above 0 0% 0 0%

Year of mother during marriage 18-22 years 28 80% 7 20% 2.6897 NS

23-26 years 9 60% 6 40% Df = 3

26-30 years 6 75% 2 25%

Above 30 years 1 50% 1 50%

Occupation of husband Self employed 27 75% 9 25% 2.3408 NS

Private employed 15 88.23% 2 11.77% Df = 3

Government employed 4 80% 1 20%

Unemployed 1 50% 1 50%

Occupation of mother Self employed 3 60% 2 40% 1.4603 NS

Private employed 3 75% 1 25% Df = 3

Government employed 1 33.33% 2 66.67%

House wife 31 64.58% 17 35.42%

No. of children 1 4 66.66% 2 33.34% 3.3077 NS

2 19 79% 5 19% Df = 4

3 13 68.42% 6 31.58%

Above 3 2 40% 3 60%

no child 4 66.66% 2 33.34%

Type of previous delivery Normal delivery 15 75% 5 25% 0.334 NS

Caesarean section 26 81.25% 6 18.75% Df = 2

none of above 6 75% 2 25%

Had any of these previously Still birth (death of baby after 20 th 2 100% 0 0% 0.582 NS

week)

Abortion 3 75% 1 25% Df = 3

Miscarriage (death of baby Before 5 83.33% 1 16.67

20th week)

none of above 39 81.25% 9 18.75%

Type of family Joint family 6 66.66% 3 33.34% 0.672 NS

Nuclear family 35 77.77% 10 22.23% Df = 2

Extended family 5 83.33% 1 16.66%

Family income per month in <5,000 5 65.2% 3 34.8% 1.270

rupees NS

5,001-10,000 23 65.71% 12 35.29% Df = 3

10,001-30,000 9 60% 6 40%

> 30,000 2 100% 0 0%

Any Habits like a) cigarette 0 0% 0 0% 0 NS

b) Alcohol 0 0% 0 0% Df = 3

c) All of the above 0 0% 0 0%

d) none of the above 42 70% 18 30%

Do you have any previous Television/radio/films 0 0% 0 0% 0.637NS

knowledge/information about

Placenta Previa?

Health professionals/health workers 3 60% 2 40% Df = 4

Magazines/newspapers/books 1 100% 0 0%

Friends/relatives 0 0% 0 0%

Any other, specify 0 0% 0 0%

SUMMARY
Finding regarding Pre-test and Post-test
knowledge regarding Placenta Previa
among antenatal mothers at selected
hospital.

 In pre-test among ante natal mother 58.4% (35) had poor knowledge,
41.6% (25) had average knowledge and none of them having very good
knowledge on Placenta Previa. In post test 100% (60) of antenatal mothers
exhibited very good knowledge and no subjects had poor knowledge
regarding Placenta Previa.
Findings regarding effectiveness of
structured teaching programme on
Placenta Previa among ante natal mothers.

 The mean post test knowledge score of ante natal mother 46.87was
higher than mean pre test knowledge score 11.55. From the data
available, it is evident that, after Structured teaching programme,
there was an increase in knowledge score among the ante natal
mothers with regard knowledge of Placenta Previa. As obtained “t”
value, 40.6959 is higher than the table value 2.02 at p< 0.05 level,
the value is found to be statistically significant. Hence the
structured Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding Placenta
Previa is highly effective.
Finding related to the association
between pre test level of knowledge
with their selected demographic
variables of antenatal mother.
 There is no significant association between pre test level of
knowledge and selected demographic variables of ante natal
mothers like age, Religion, education of mother and the
spouse, occupation of mother and the spouse, no. of children,
family income, type of family, any previous history and
source of previous information on Placenta Previa of
antenatal mother. As the computed chi-square was lesser than
the table value, it provided that hypothesis 2 is rejected.
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