RIDGE VALLEY SCHOOL, GURUGRAM

ANSWER KEY TERM – 2 EXAMINATION (2021-22)

GRADE XII
PSYCHOLOGY (037)
Time allowed: 2 hours M.M. 35

Q. No. Section A (2X3 = 6) Marks

Allocated
1 Explain Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD). 2
 Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is a condition in
which a child becomes fearful and nervous when
away from home or separated from a loved one --
usually a parent or other caregiver -- to whom the
child is attached.

2 Explain the concept of cognitive dissonance through an 2

example in the process of attitude change.
 Cognitive Dissonance (Leon Festinger)
emphasises on the cognitive component.
Cognitive components of an attitude must be
‘constant’ (opposite of ‘dissonant’), i.e., they
should be logically in line with each other. If an
individual finds, that two cognitions in an attitude
dissonant, then one of them will be changed in the
direction of consonance.
 Both balance and cognitive dissonance are
examples of cognitive consistency which means
that two components or elements of the attitude,
or attitude system, must be in the same direction.
If this does not happen, then the person
experiences a kind of mental discomfort, i.e., the
sense that ‘something is not quite right’ in the
attitude system.

3 Write about the following terms: a) Kernel of Truth, b) 2

Scapegoating
a) Scapegoating This is a phenomenon by which the
majority group places the blame on a minority
outgroup for its own social, economic, or political
problems. The minority is too weak or too small to
defend itself against such accusations.
 Scapegoating is a group-based way of expressing
frustration, and it often results in negative
attitudes or prejudice against the weaker group.
b) Kernel of truth concept Sometimes people may
continue to hold stereotypes because they think
that, after all, there must be some truth, or ‘kernel
of truth’ in what everyone says about the other
group. Even a few examples are sufficient to
support the ‘kernel of truth’ idea.

Q. No. Section B (3X3 = 9) Marks

Allocated
4 Differentiate between depression and mania. 3
 Depression: Loss of energy, change in body
weight, constant sleep problems, tiredness,
inability to think clearly, agitation. Slowed
behaviour, thoughts of suicide and death, negative
self-concept.
 Mania: Increase in activity level, euphoric,
impulsive, easily distracted, excessively talkative.
5 Explain the following terms: 3
a) Unconditional positive regard the therapist
conveys by her/his words and behaviours that
s/he is not judging the client and will continue to
show the same positive feelings towards the client
even if the client is rude or confides all the ‘wrong’
things that s/he may have done or thought about.
This is the unconditional positive regard which the
therapist has for the client.
b) Empathy is present when one can understand the
plight of another person and feel like the other
person. It means understanding things from the
other person’s perspective, i.e., putting oneself in
the other person’s shoes.
6 Write any three characteristics of a ‘group’. 3

1. A social unit comprises two or more individuals

who perceive themselves as belonging to the
group.
2. A gathering of individuals who interact with one
another either directly or indirectly.
3. A collection of individuals who are interdependent
which means what one is doing has
consequences for others.
4. A collection of individuals who have common
motives and goals.
5. Individuals who are trying to satisfy a need
through their joint association also influence each
 other. (Write any three)

Q. No. Section C (4X4 = 16) Marks

Allocated
7 What are Dissociative Disorders? Explain Dissociative fugue. 4

8 Write in detail about ‘logotherapy’. 4

 Victor Frankl, a psychiatrist and neurologist
propounded the Logotherapy. Logos is the Greek
word for soul and Logotherapy means treatment
for the soul. Frankl calls this process of finding
meaning even in life-threatening circumstances as
the process of meaning making. The basis of
meaning making is a person’s quest for finding
the spiritual truth of one’s existence.
 The goal of logotherapy is to help the patients to
find meaning and responsibility in their life
irrespective of their life circumstances. The
therapist emphasises the unique nature of the
patient’s life and encourages them to find meaning
in their life. In Logotherapy, the therapist is open
and shares her/his feelings, values and his/her
own existence with the client.
9 Explain the a-b-c component of attitude with an example. 4
 Various components of an attitude are as follows:
(i)The thought component is referred to as
the cognitive aspect of attitude.
(ii)The emotional component is known as
the affective aspect.
(iii)The tendency to act is called the behavioural
(conative) aspect.
10 Explain the stages of group formation. 4
 Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and
Adjourning.

Q. No. Section D (2X2 = 4) Marks

Allocated
Riya is a 10-year-old girl who cries and refuses to talk when
she is not taken to the mall. Her mother is a teacher, and she
came across a psychological technique for handling such
behaviour in a parenting book. Riya’s parents took her to the
mall if she did not cry, however if Riya cried her parents
simply ignored her and did not take her to the mall. Gradually
the wanted behaviour of politely asking to be taken to the
mall increased and the unwanted behaviour crying
decreased. This in fact helped to improve Riya’s overall
 behaviour of crying for everything. She eventually learnt that
asking for things politely is a much better way of behaving
than crying for everything.
11 What behaviour technique has been used by the parents in 2
the passage? Discuss the technique.
Unwanted behaviour can be reduced and wanted
behaviour can be increased simultaneously through
differential reinforcement.
12 Riya is given a token every time she behaves in a desired 2
way. Name and explain the technique in detail.
Persons with behavioural problems can be given a token
as a reward every time a wanted behaviour occurs. The
tokens are collected and exchanged for a reward such as
an outing for the patient or a treat for the child. This is
known as token economy.