8

Physical Education
Quarter 4
REGIONAL AND NATIONAL DANCES
WITH ASIAN INFLUENCE
What I need To Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Undertakes physical activity and physical fitness assessments – PE8PF-Iva-h-23
2. Reviews goals based on assessment results – PE8PF-Iva-34
3. Describes the nature and the background of the dance – PE8RD-IVc-1
4. Executes the skills involved in the dance – PE8RD – IVd-h-4
5. Exerts best effort to achieve positive feeling about self and others – PE8PF –Ivd-h-38

What I Know

Pre-Test
A. Picture Parade: (10 items)
Direction: Name the picture below and choose the correct answer inside the box.
Write the letter in the box corresponds to the picture.
a. Binislakan b. Sua Ku Sua c. Tinikling
d. Pangalay e. Singkil f. Ramon OBusan
g. Janggay h. Itik-Itik i. Sakuting
j. Francisca Reyes-Aquino k. Melchora Aquino
l. Carinosa
 B. Arrange Me
Below are jumbled letters which when arranged corresponds to regional and
national folk dances. Can you identify each? Write each formed word on your answer
sheet.

_______________1. PANAGNLAY

_______________2. ASU UK ASU

_______________3. TISLOK

_______________4. SAKGUNTI

C. Multiple Choice (5 items)

Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on the blank before the
number.
1. Folkdances help Filipinos develop a sense of ____________
a. cheerfulness b. national cooperation
c. nationalism d. Preservation of life

2. The following serves as importance of folk dance EXCEPT.

a. it keeps the culture of people alive b. celebrates an important event
c. reflects the everyday life of the people d. none of the above

3. This dance refers to "Fingernails".

a. Sakuting b. Binislakan
c. Pangalay d.Sua-ku-sua

4. The following are Philippine folkdances with Asian influence EXCEPT.

a. Pangalay b. Sua Ku Sua c. Binislakan d. Cariňosa

5. Which among the folkdances uses rhythmic sticks as accompaniment?

a. Pangalay b. Binislakan c. Sua-Ku-Sua d. Sakuting

1
PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES
WITH ASIAN INFLUENCE

What I Need to Know

Activity 1: Review and Assess

Direction: Identify the “Health-Related Components” and “Skills Related

Components” of your family that was develop from the start of the class until
today. Put check ___ if develop, and X if less developed.

HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS SKILL-RELATED FITNESS

BODY COMPOSITION AGILITY
MUSCULAR STRENGTH BALANCE
FLEXIBILITY COORDINATION
CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE POWER
REACTION TIME
SPEED
What Is It

The following historical backgrounds and context of the dance literatures of Sua-
kuSua, Pangalay, Tiklos, and Sakuting would give you a clear picture of the nature and
background of these regional. This will help you understand its significance and cultural
value, including the beauty and complexity of the people’s lives living in those places.

Study these dances carefully and imbibe in you their importance to the
development of cultural value.

A. SUA-KU-SUA

Dance Researcher : Ramon A. Obusan

Meaning : My Pomelo Tree
Dance Culture : Lowland Muslim (Coastal)
Place of Origin : Jolo, Sulu
Country of Influence : China, Malaysia and Indonesia
Ethno-linguistic Group : Tausug
Classification : Courtship Dance

Source: www.kalilayan.com
 Background/Context:

The Tausug of Sulu, Southern Philippines, though known as fearsome warriors are also
better known as sturdy seafarers and hardy farmers. Extensive orchards are planted with
coconuts and pomelos and fields with staples like rice and root crops.
At harvest time, pomelo fruits are gathered in big baskets before they are sent away.
The Tausugs depend strongly on the income the pomelo bring them and this relationship is
romanticized by comparing the sua’s gentle leaves, slender branches, attractive fruits and
fragrant flowers to the virtues of a lady. Put to music, it is this song that is sang by couples
while flapping two white fans each resembling leaves rustling in the wind in the Sua-Ku-Sua
Dance. Sua-ku-sua performers, some men but especially women come to the festivities with
face thickly covered with finely ground rice powder and their eyebrows and sideburns
enhanced with soot- all for beauty’s sake.

Movements/Steps Particular to Dance:

Creative imagery: Fans transform into tiny sails, face mirrors, butterflies, shields
and leaves. Tausug traditional steps with Chinese influence.
Dance Properties: Costume

Female:
Top (Barawasi) : Traditional loose blouse, long sleeves wit deep,
plunging key-hole neckline. Extra panels attached to the
right and left chest decorated with many tiny brass
buttons.

Material : Cheap printed or plain Chinese silk or cotton.

Pants (Sawal) : Loose Chinese pants with a 10-inch soft white band
(coco curdo) attached to a wide waist. To tuck the
pants in, the white band is overlapped in front, one
side on top of the other and rolled out to form a tight
belt.
Material : Cheap Chinese silk or any silky material preferably in
navy blue, sunshine yellow, grass green, red or orange
colors

Shoulder band

: A separate wrap-around malong of rich material

Headpiece: There are three choices:

1. Gold or brass filigree called tusuk;
2. Paper bills pasted on slender sticks; and
3. Pasteboard cut-out, the front tip 8 to 10 inches high,
similar to Chinese crowns covered with gold foil.
strung over the right shoulder crossing the chest and
hanging on the left side.
 Accessories : Gold or imitation gold earrings, necklace, bracelets
and brooches.

Footwear : Dancers are in barefoot.

Male:

Top (Bajo) : Short-waist collarless shirt. Open at the front with

the right panel overlapping the left, studded with
many tiny brass buttons and is not intended to close
the front but used as an additional shirt decoration.
It is allowed to drop on the right side.
Material : cheap printed or plain Chinese silk or cotton.
Pants (Sawal) : Similar to the female pants but in darker colors and
bolder designs.
Accessories : Money-belt, Sarok hat, pis siyabit (rectangular hand-
woven scarf tied on the head or hung loosely over
one shoulder); Kris (wavy knife) or Barong (leaf-knife).

Footwear : dancers are in barefoot

Music : 2/4 and 4/4; composed of three parts: A, B and C. Gabbang- bamboo
xylophone shaped like a small boat. Bamboo slats thinned and cut to
graduated sizes to produce three octaves of pentatonic scale

: 1, 2 to a measure in 2/4 time signature 1, 2, 3, 4 to a measure in 4/4/

Count time signature
 B. PANGALAY

Dance Researcher : Francisca Reyes-Aquino

Meaning : Finger nail
Dance Culture : Lowland Muslim (Coastal)
Place of Origin : Sulu
Country of Influence : Thailand, Malaysia, Burma, Cambodia
Ethno-linguistic Group : Tausug
Classification : Social Dance

Background/Context:
Pangalay (also known as Daling-Daling or Mengalai in Sabah is the
traditional “fingernail” dance of the Tausūg people of the Sulu Archipelago and
Sabah. This dance is the most distinctively Asian of all the Southern Philippine
dances because dancers must have dexterity and flexibility of the shoulders,
elbows, and wrists– movements that strongly resemble those of “kontaw silat,” a
martial art common in the Malay Archipelago. The Pangalay is performed mainly
during weddings or other festive events. The male equivalent of the Pangalay is the
Pangasik and features more martial movements, while a pangalay that features
both a male and female dancer is called Pangiluk.

The original concept of the Pangalay is based on the pre-Islamic Buddhist

concept of male and female celestial angels.
Dance Properties:

Costume : Dancer wears a typical Joloana costume

Accessories : Expert and professional dancers use janggay,
extended metal finger nails in each finger. The rich
people have janggay made of solid gold or silver.

Suggested Footwear : dancers are in barefoot.

 Music : Played as many times as necessary. Count
one, two or one, and, two and to a measure.
Movements/Steps Particular to Dance:

There are no definite directions, sequence of figures, number and kinds of

steps, hand movements and positions used when performed by the natives.
For teaching purposes the figures of this dance may be created and dancers
may form their own combinations.

C. TIKLOS

Dance Researcher : Francisca Reyes- Aquino

Meaning : Refers to a group of peasants
Place of Origin : Panay and Leyte
Country of Influence : China, Burma and Cambodia
Classification : Recreational Dance

Background/Context:

For centuries, Tiklos has been a very important factor in the social life of the
peasants of Leyte. Tiklos refers to a group of peasants who agree to work for
each other one day each week to clear the forest, prepare the soil for planting,
or do any odd job in the farm, including the building of a house. At noontime,
the people gather to eat their lunch together and to rest. During this period,
Tiklos music is played with a flute accompanied by a guitar and the guimbal or
the tambora (kind of drum).

The music use is also played to gather the peasants before they start to work.

Dance Properties:

Costume : Dancers are dressed in working costumes.

Music : Divided into two parts. A and B.
Count : one, two or one, ah, two, ah or one, and, two to a measure.
Formation : Partners stand opposite each other about six feet apart.
When facing audience, the girl stands at partner’s right side.
One to any number of pairs may take part in this dance.
 D. SAKUTING

Dance Researcher : Francisca Reyes Aquino

Meaning : Refers to rhythmic sticks producing the
accompaniment for the dance.
Place of Origin : Abra and Ilocos Norte
Country of Influence : China
Classification : Recreational and Social Dance

Background/Context:

This is a dance of the ethnic people living in the western side of the Cordilleras
way back before the coming of the Americans to our country. During the Christmas,
young boys and girls accompanied by their elders would go to the lowlands, especially
in Abra and Ilocos Norte to dance in front of the houses and ask for gifts. These young
children hold sticks, one on each hand and strike them together to make their dance
livelier. The homes would give them money, homemade delicacies and other things.
These dancing groups later reached as far as the coastal towns of Ilocos region as
years went by. The rhythmic sounds produced by the stick attracted other children and
also adults and they also learned the dance. “Sakuting“ is an ethnic term which refer to
the rhythmic sticks producing the accompaniment for the dance.
Dance Properties:

Costume : Girl – Native Ilocano kimono style with sleeves of elbow length;
skirt of bright-colored plaids shirred at the waist of ankle-length.
Boy – Camisa de chino and red trousers, and a native hat.
: 2/4 and ¾ rhythms and composed of 9 parts: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H
 Audience
X O

O X

XO

O X

One set of dancers

What’s More

Activity 2: Supply the table

Complete the table by filling out the information needed.

Literal
Influenced by
Meaning Of Dance
Name of Dance Place of Origin What Asian
The Name Of Classification
Country?
The Dance
China
Sua-ku-Sua Malaysia and
Indonesia
Refers to a Panay and
group of Leyte
peasants
Abra and
Sakuting Ilocos Norte

Wedding/Festival
Pangalay dance

Activity 3: Kulay Pinoy

Direction: Color the shirt of Bibo according to the dance assigned color from
which the information belongs below.

Blue = Sua-Ku-Sua Red = Pangalay Yellow = Sakuting white = Tiklos

 Dance Background

The Tausugs depend
strongly on the income
the pomelo bring them
and this relationship is
romanticized by
comparing the sua’s
gentle leaves, slender
branches, attractive fruits
and fragrant flowers to
the virtues of a lady
This dance has been a This is a dance of the
very important factor in ethnic people living in the
the social life of the western side of the
Cordilleras way back
peasants of Leyte. This
before the coming of the
refers to a group of Americans to our
peasants who agree to country. During the
work for each other one Christmas, young boys
day each week to clear and girls accompanied by
the forest, prepare the their elders would go to
soil for planting, the
lowlands

Music/ Time Signature

2/4 and ¾ rhythms and Played as many times 2/4 and 4/4; composed of
composed of 9 parts: A, as necessary. Count three parts: A, B and C.
B, C, D, E, F, G, H and one, two or one, and,
two and to a measure.

Costume

Open at the front with the Girl – Native Ilocano Dancer wears a typical
right panel overlapping kimono style with sleeves Joloana costume
the left, studded with of elbow length; skirt of
many tiny brass buttons brightcolored plaids
and is not intended to shirred at the waist of
close the front but used ankle-length.
as an additional shirt
decoration.
 What Is It

Basic Steps in Folk Dancing

In this lesson, you will be made familiar with the basic steps and arm movements of
the dances: “Binislakan, Sakuting, Sua-Ku-Sua, Pangalay and Tiklos”. This will give you a
clear understanding of the nature of these folk dances.
If you study the literatures of these dances found at the end of this module, you will notice
distinct steps and movements that are inherent in each dance.
The following dance terms and dance steps are basically used in Binislakan, Sakuting,
Sua-Ku-Sua, Pangalay and Tiklos. You are to master all these dance steps which will be
used later in your performance test. Study them carefully and demonstrate the dance
steps with the help of your teacher.

Padyak - to stamp or tap with one foot and the weight of the
body is on the other foot
Saludo - it means to bow
Arms in Lateral Position - both arms are in one side at shoulder level, either
right or left
Set - a dance formation of two or more couples
Bend - axis to move the body or part of the body around wide

Leap - to spring one foot and land on the other foot

DANCE MUSIC NO. OF COUNTS OR STEP

STEP USED M PER STEP PATTERN
SLIDE (GLIDE) 2/4 or 3/4 1M Slide, close
SKIP 2/4 or 6/8 1 ct. Step and hop
BLEKING 2/4 or 3/4 1, 2 or 3 ct. Heel-place, close
GALLOP 2/4 or 6/8 1 ct. Step and cut
MINCING 2/4 or ¾ As many as required Step, step, step and
so on
PARALEL 2/4, 3/4, As many as required Pivot and turn heels,
TORTILLIER or 4/4 pivot and turn toes
Step, ball and turn,
PIVOT TURN 2/4 2M or 4M step, ball and turn,
and so on
TOUCH STEP 2/4 or 3/4 1, 2 or 3 ct. Touch, close
CHANGE STEP 2/4 or 3/4 1M Step close step
WALTZ STEP 2/4 or 3/4 2M Step R; step L close
to R in rear; step R
WALTZ TURN 2/4 or 3/4 2M Execute 2 waltz step
to make a turn
Stamp (R) (L) and
STAMPING 2/4 or 3/4 1M close to supporting
foot (L) (R)

M = Measure F = Forward B = Backward

R = Right L = Left CT= count
What’s More

Activity 4: Step on me (5 item)

Direction: Choose your answer from row 1 and row 2. Encircle the picture
of your correct answer.

Steps Row 1 Row 2

R foot

L foot
in rear

Bleking
step

Change
step

Slide
(glide)
step
Activity 5: Tell Me All About
Direction: Openly write your concepts about this lesson using the graphic organizer below
as your guide.

3-2-1
Three Facts I Learned

Two Question I Still Have

One Opinion I Now Have

 8

Health
Quarter 4
Prevention of Substance Use and Abuse
(Cigarettes and Alcohol Abuse)
 What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Discusses gateway drugs

2. Analyzes the negative health impact of cigarettes smoking
a. Describes the harmful short-and long-term effects of cigarette
smoking on the different parts of the body
b. Discusses the dangers of mainstream, second hand and third-hand
smoke
c. Explain the impact of cigarette smoking on the family,
environment, and community
3. Analyzes the negative health impact of drinking alcohol
a. Describes the harmful short- and long-term effects of drinking
alcohol
b. Interprets blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in terms of
physiological changes in the body
c. Explains the impact of drinking alcohol on the family, and
community

What I Know

I. A. Multiple choices:
Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Select the letter of the best
answer from among the given choices.

1. Which of the following blood alcohol content could lead to coma, brain damages,
and death

a. 0.3-0.5% c. 0.03-0.05%
b. 0.1-0.2% d.0.01-0.02%

2. _____________________ is a beverage alcohol which comes from grains and

fruits.

a. Isopropyl c. Ethanol

b. methanol c. Vodka

3. ________________is a group of diseases which makes body cells grow

uncontrollably.

a. Pneumonia c. Cancer

b. Asthma d. Stroke
 4. ___________________ is a plant whose leaves can be rolled in a cigar or pipe
and can be smoked.

a. Marijuana plant c. Opium

b. Tobacco plant d. Cigarette

5._______is the amount of alcohol that has entered a person’s bloodstream at a

certain duration.

a. Toxins c. Blood Alcohol Concentration

b. Alcoholism d. Ethanol content

6. A kind of smoke emitted by cigarettes which smokers directly inhale is

called___________

a. Mainstream smoke c. Third-hand smoke

b. Second- hand smoke d. None of these

7.Which of the following choices are perceived to be gateway drugs?

a. Shabu and marijuana c. Cigarettes and alcohol
b. Marijuana and alcohol d. None of these

8._____________ is the addictive chemical in smokeless tobacco and cigarettes.

a. Caffeine c. Nicotine
b. Toxins d. Additives
9. A condition when a person heavily consumes alcohol consistently which results in
numerous body damage and malfunctions.

a. Alcoholism c. Fatigue

b. Intoxication d. Drunkenness

10.The smoke that comes out of the lighted end of cigarette or pipe which is also called
“second-hand smoke”.

a. Mainstream smoke c. Third-hand smoke

b. Sidestream smoke d. None of these

B. True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is not.
___1. Cigarette smoking causes environmental pollution

___2. Nausea occurs when alcohol irritates the stomach lining; Vomiting; motion
sickness
___3. Major deforestations are possible in planting tobacco plants.
___4. The longer cigarette smoke stays in the body, the more it causes damage to
body parts.
___5. Cancer, heart diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are
just some of the diseases caused by cigarette smoking.
II. WHICH ZONE WOULD YOU CHOOSE?

Based on the diagram presented below, explain whether you belong to a

PASSIVE ZONE or ACTIVE ZONE. Write your answers to your activity notebook.

1. I am on the active zone because

_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________

Or

2. I consider myself passive because

_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________
 Lesson Discussing Gateway Drugs and Analyzing

1 The Negative Health Impact of Cigarettes

Smoking

What I Need to Know

Gateway drugs are substances such as cigarettes and alcohol that are
known to be legal drugs that teenagers most commonly try and lead him or
her to use dangerous drugs such as marijuana, meth, and cocaine. These
cigarettes and alcohol are readily available and generally accepted in our
society today regardless of the price to satisfy their desire and several
purposes.
As such, despite the harmful health impacts and the government’s
effort to raise its price higher than what are usual, Filipino teenagers still find
ways to acquire and unmindful of the expenses they incurred during
consumptions. Thus, in its quest to curve it, the government further imposes
restrictions on cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking in all public places.
Much from this topic will be discussed to minimize the deprave habits of most
of the Filipinos.

What’s New

Activity 1: Key to Knowing

Directions: Copy and complete the diagram below. List the gateway drugs in the
two smaller boxes and the examples of dangerous and illegal drugs in the bigger
box.
 What Is It

Activity 1 shows examples of gateway drugs and the different dangerous or

illegal drugs that humans may use and abuse. The impacts need a thorough
understanding of how these substances can lead to its negative impact both in short and
long-term effects in the body. In it, we have to discuss first cigarette smoking.

Smoking is a practice in which a cigarette is burned

and the resulting smoke is breathed in to be tasted and
absorbed into the bloodstream. Cigarettes are a small
roll of porous paper containing a rod of chopped up
tobacco leaf. Nicotine is the stimulant substance
present in Tobacco plants. Stimulant refers to a drug
that temporarily quickens the central nervous system.

Effects of
cigarette
smoke to
shorturl.at/fpQX3 your body
Short-Term Effects of Smoking scent

 Bad breath

 Momentary stimulation followed by a

state of withdrawal and reduced brain
activity
 Fatigue and dizziness FOUL BODY ODOR
 Dulling the senses of taste and smell

 Coughing
BAD BREATH
 Shortness of breath

 Increased blood pressure

 Increased heart rate


Foul
 Decreased blood flow smell exhaled
 Nausea from the mouth
 Headaches

shorturl.at/eGIJ7
 Long-Term Effects of Smoking

HIGHBLOOD HEART DISEASE EMPHYSEMA

Too much Involves Damaged

exertion of the cardio - air sacs
blood
against
vascular in the
arteries system lungs
causing
damage

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ASTHMA
HIGHBLOOD PRESSURE PNEUMONIA

Inflammation A chronic
of Infection disease
the airways which
of the
from the affects the
trachea into the lungs airways
lungs

shorturl.at/eGIJ7 shorturl.at/eGIJ7 shorturl.at/eGIJ7

Cancer is one of the most feared smoking effects. Below are some of the body areas
where smoking-related cancers can occur:

 Lung cancer
 Bladder cancer

 Blood cancer (in the form of leukemia)

 Cervix cancer
 Colon and rectum cancer
 Esophagus cancer
 Breast Cancer
 Kidney cancer
 Larynx cancer
 Liver cancer
 Pancreas cancer
 Stomach cancer
 Throat and tongue
 Tonsils cancer
 Trachea cancer
 Eye Problems

What’s More
 Activity 2: Text Twister
Directions: The following are known to be the dangers of cigarette smoking and
tobacco use. Arrange the letters for each item to decipher the word (s). A hint is
provided below the boxes.

1. H I H G BOLDO ERUESSRP

Hint: Too much exertion of blood against the arteries causing damage

2. O U F L YBOD LLSEM

Hint: What cigarette can do to your body smell.

3. D A B ATEBRH

Hint: Foul smell exhaled from the mouth.

4. S I T R I C H B O N

Hint: Inflammation of the airways from the trachea into the lungs.

5. S E A Y H E M P M

Hint: Damaged air sacs in the lungs.

6. U M P I N O A E M

Hint: Infection of the lungs.

7. T A S H M A

Hint: A chronic disease which affects the airways

8. A E C N R C

Hint: Group of diseases which makes the body cells grow uncontrollably
 Activity 3: The Smoker’s Body!
Direction: Look at the picture below of the different diseases caused by cigarette
smoking. Describe and explain the short-term and long-term effects of cigarette
smoking and tobacco chewing. What are your feelings after viewing it?

What’s New
Activity 4: Why Do Teenagers Smoke?
Direction: Answer the following questions in your activity
notebook.
1. Why do teenagers smoke?
2. Why do teenagers explore using dangerous
drugs?
3. Do you think their reasons put their health
at risk? Why or why not?
4.What can teenagers do to avoid smoking and
using dangerous drugs such as marijuana and
shabu?
shorturl.at/juB48
What Is It
In Activity 2 and 3, you were able to have some ideas of the harmful effects
of smoking and a view about reasons why people engage such. The following
discussion will further enhance your knowledge by knowing the three smokes
produced by cigarette smoking.

The three smokes produced by cigarette smoking:

1. Mainstream Smoke - refers specifically to the smoke that a smoker directly

inhales.

shorturl.at/mvAPW

2. Sidestream Smoke
the smoke that comes out of the
lighted end of a cigarette pipe. This
is also called “second-hand smoke
(SHS) or environmental tobacco
smoke (ETS). This is more
dangerous than mainstream smoke
because it is not filtered and is
easily absorbed by body cells. It
shorturl.at/auJQR
also contains more
carcinogens.
3. Third-hand Smoke – smoke left for a long time on sofa, beddings, pillow, and
other objects. This smoke also called “residual tobacco smoke (RTS)” settles
along with dust and can last for months. This smoke still contains harmful
chemicals and carcinogens.
shorturl.at/MNTU7

What makes cigarette addictive and harmful?

Cigarette or tobacco smoke contains more than 4,000 different chemical compounds
that are present in the solid phase, the gas phase, or the liquid phase. The chemicals that
make up the solid phase are tiny solid particles including phenols, nicotine, and
naphthalene. The major gases include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrogen
cyanide and liquid vapors include formaldehyde, methane, benzene, ammonia, and
acetone. The majority of these chemicals come from burning tobacco and the rest are a
mixture of chemicals from the burning of the cigarette paper, the additives, and the
agricultural chemicals left from farming the tobacco leaves.
 What Is It

Impact of Cigarette Smoking on the Family, Environment and Community

Family
Increase their risk of developing ear infections, asthma, and other breathing
complications—like coughs, shortness of breath, and even bronchitis.
Children who grow up watching their
parents smoke are also more likely to
become smokers as teens.
The lungs and hearts of all family
members in your home are put at risk by
secondhand smoke, no matter how wide
you keep the windows open—or how
many fans you make use of.

Co-workers

shorturl.at/dqILQ
Smoking can decrease your productivity
on the job, plus all those potential medical
complications linked to smoking. Heart disease, diabetes, and reduced immune
function can cause more time off than a non-smoking colleague.

Neighbors

Second-hand smoke contains

over 7,000 chemicals. Hundreds of
them are toxic and 70 have been
shown to cause cancer in humans.
Breathing in secondhand smoke—
whether it’s from a neighbor’s burning
cigarette or a cigarette outside your
window—has been shown to have
instant effects on the cardiovascular
system of nearby individuals.

shorturl.at/gCO79

Cigarette Smoking Environmental Impacts

Cigarette smoking causes environmental pollution by releasing toxic air
pollutants into the atmosphere. The cigarette butts also litter the environment and
the toxic chemicals in the remains seep into soils and waterways, therefore, causing
soil and water pollution respectively.

Other Environmental Impacts of Cigarettes Smoking:

 1. Deforestation

The key ingredient in

the manufacture of cigarettes
is tobacco and the reality is
that most of it are planted in
rainforests areas.
Major deforestation made in the
areas where it is planted covering
shorturl.at/mnEY /Z / shorturl.at/bdgtS large fields and some of such
places were covered by very
dense forest.

2. Generation of huge amounts of toxic waste

shorturl.at/qCLR6
The entire process of cultivating, curing, and
transporting tobacco needs the use of a large
amount of chemical and other toxic materials.

The production process generates huge

amounts of wastes such as harmful chemical
pesticides and fertilizers.

Aldicarb is the substance used in the

production process. It’s highly toxic to
humans, plants, and animals and can seep
into waterways and intoxicate the soil for
several years.

The industrial processing and

smoking of cigarettes add huge volumes of
air pollutants into the atmosphere.

Second-hand smoke pollutes the air

directly and the manufacturing process
releases air pollutants in many ways. It starts
right in the tobacco farms where the machines
used emit greenhouse gases from the fossil fuel
combusted to produce energy.
3. Soil and land pollution through farming and from cigarette butts

The high scores of

pesticides, fertilizers, and other chemicals
used in the cultivation of tobacco introduce
volumes of hazardous pollutants to the land
and soils. Chemicals accumulate and
eventually hamper the fertility of the soils
and make the lands unsuitable for
supporting any other crop. Most of the
ingredients present in cigarette butts, on the
shorturl.at/AJZ46 other hand, are non-biodegradable and
take years to break down.

4. Air pollution through smoking

Carbon dioxide, methane, and

other noxious chemicals are present in
second-hand smoke that causes air
pollution. As much as methane and
carbon dioxide are not deadly to
smokers, the gases do add to the general
atmospheric pollution.

5. Cigarette butts and the contamination

or
Waterways shorturl.at/bjHPT

Cigarette butts scattered all over

on the ground and find a way into waterways
when washed by stormwater or when they
shorturl.at/BFT36 end up along shorelines or on wetlands.
shorturl.at/krtN5

6. Impact on aquatic fish

Whenever cigarette filters find a way into

water systems, they can be ingested by fish
because they resemble fish food like insects.
Filters remain within the fish reducing their
stomach capacity, thus affecting their eating habits.
 7. Health impacts on pets
When pets are outdoors they do so
many things like sniffing through
garbage, and the streets. These put the
pets, dogs and cats, at a high risk of
ingesting cigarette butts lying on the
ground as litter. The consequence can
be damaging and may even kill the pet.
Secondhand smoke may also make pets
susceptible to asthma or other lung
complications. They are equally not
spared of developing cancer just like
their human counterparts.
shorturl.at/kyGNU

8. Forest fires (Wildfires)

Forests fires started by burning
cigarette butts worldwide are countless.
About 17,000 people worldwide die
each year because of fires started by
cigarette lighters or discarded kindled
cigarettes. In terms of property
damage, the losses are more than 27
billion US dollars every year.

What’s More

Activity 5: Anti-smoking Campaign!

Direction: Study the pictures and answer the questions below. Write your answers in
your activity notebook.

shorturl.at/cALVX
shorturl.at/bwEFL

A B C D

Questions:
1. How is each of these ads different?
2. Who is the primary target audience?
3. How do the ads make you feel?
4. Which ad you think is most effective?
What I have learned

Activity 6: Generalization

Direction: Answer the question in 3-5 sentences.

Question: How will you protect yourself, your family, and the community against the
dangers of cigarette smoking?

What I can do
Activity 7: Advocacy Material!
Direction: Read the statement below and carefully plan your output to have a
satisfying result.
To preserve and conserve personal and environmental health, how would be
your antismoking campaign look? Draw it on a bond paper and paste it to your
answer sheet. If available, you may take a picture on it and post it to your Facebook
or any social media account to show your positive support to Anti-smoking
Campaign.

RUBRIC FOR ADVOCACY MATERIAL MAKING (POSTER MAKING)

RUBRIC 0 1 2 3 4
Title is present but
Partial/ Title is correctly Title is correct,
No title on capitalized
Title project incomplete and spelled written in neat, neat, creative, and
title incorrectly attractive letters colorful

1 fact is
2-3 facts are 4 facts are
No facts on written or facts 5 facts are written
Facts poster are incorrect written or a written and are and correct
partially correct correct

4 neat, clear,
1 illustration 2 illustrations 3 neat, clear
No illustrations creative
Illustrations on poster related to related to topic illustrations illustrations related
events are present related to topic
to topic
A very limited
The poster has a The poster uses The poster uses
No colors amount of
Color present color is fair amount of neatly colored neat, clear,
present color elements creative coloring

Poster lacks Poster lacks The poster is The poster is The poster is very
neatness and neatness and somewhat organized and organized, clear,
Appearance is poorly is mostly organized and is neat and clear easy-to-read
organized organized neat lettering
Total
 Lesson
Analyzing the Negative Health Impact

2 of Drinking Alcohol

What’s New

Activity 8: Think before you drink!

Directions: Look at the picture. Tell something about these alcoholic beverages by
answering the following questions.

shorturl.at/knyzG
1. What is alcohol?
2. What are the kinds of alcohol do you know?
3. Is it safe to drink different varieties of alcohol?
4. What are the effects of alcohol?

What Is It

Alcohol is a colorless, bitter-tasting substance that humans have been

consuming since ancient times and it comes from plants that underwent
fermentation. Fermentation is the process of extracting from a plant or a fruit.
Examples of these are beer and wine. A beer is extracted from grains and wines
that are from grapes and other fruits. It is also known as a depressant which
means a drug that suppresses the central nervous system and slows down body
function.

Types of Alcohol:
Of which are
1. ISOPROPYL both used in
laboratories and
poisonous and
2. METHANOL fatal if taken
 3. ETHANOL is called beverage alcohol which comes from fruits and grains.

What Is It
Short-Term Effects of Alcohol

Intoxication is a physical and mental change that

the body is experiencing upon consuming alcohol. With
the first drink of alcohol, it begins to affect the brain.
A Hangover is the physical effects that give discomfort to
humans who heavily consumed alcohol, it takes place
when an alcohol drinker feels uncomfortable effects after
drinking and caused by increase urine production, leading
to dehydration.
Dehydration causes headaches, fatigue, and dry mouth.
https://bit.ly/2NwiVSi
Nausea occurs when alcohol irritates the
stomach lining. Vomiting; motion sickness
The effects of alcohol can range from mild, such
as skin flushing, to more severe symptoms such
as passing out or vomiting.
https://bit.ly/2Za7OUt

Other short-term effects of alcohol can

include;

• Mood swings
• Trouble
concentrating
• Reduced core
body
• Loss of
coordination
• temperature
• Loss of critical
judgment
• Raised blood
pressure
• Dulled
perception/vision
• Vomiting.
Long-Term Effects of Alcohol

Drinking too much overtime can cause chronic physical and mental health issues.
Heavy drinking can cause or contribute to liver damage, cardiovascular disease, and multiple
types of cancer. It includes;
 Diminished gray matter and white matter in the brain
 Memory loss
 Loss of attention span
 Trouble learning
 Alcoholic hepatitis
 Liver fibrosis
 Steatosis (i.e. fatty liver)
 Throat, mouth, larynx, breast, liver, colorectal, or esophageal cancer o High
blood pressure o Cardiomyopathy o Stroke Irregular heartbeat

Emphysema
• Lung disease which worsens in time
• Characterized by shortens of breath, rapid breathing and expanded chest activity

Cirrhosis
• A condition when the liver is “scarred” due to heavy alcohol consumption.

Carcinogen
• Any substance that causes cancer Multiplier Effect
• A condition when alcohol is consumed simultaneously with any drug or medicine
causing impairments in the physical and mental functioning of the body.

Alcoholism
• A condition when a person heavily consumes alcohol consistently which results in
numerous body damages and malfunctions

Brain Stroke

• A non-communicable disease which affects the arteries carry blood to the brain
resulting in brain damage.
• Also called plainly stroke.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

• A disease of smokers which worsen over time

• Characterized by severe coughing, shortness of breath wheezing and tightening of the
chest.
Dependence

• A condition when a person needs drug-like alcohol and cigarette for the body to
function normally.
Fatty Liver
• A condition when the liver is being stored with fat from alcohol
Tolerance
• A condition when a person needs more alcohol to feel its original effects
Blood - Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

Is the amount of alcohol that has entered a
person’s bloodstream at a certain duration
 Also called Blood Alcohol Level (BAL)
Alcohol (ethanol) is a drug, and health
professionals should know something of its
physiological and pathological effects and its handling
by the body. It is a small, water-soluble molecule that
is relatively slowly absorbed from the stomach, more
rapidly absorbed from the small intestine, and freely
distributed throughout the body. Alcoholic drinks are a
major source of energy—for example, six pints of beer
contains about 500 kcal and half a liter of whiskey
contains 1650 kcal. The daily energy requirement for
a moderately active man is 3000 kcal and for a
woman 2200 kcal.
https://bit.ly/2CCuPYw
The rate of absorption of alcohol depends on several
factors. It is quickest, for example, when alcohol is drunk on an
empty stomach and the concentration of https://bit.ly/2CCuPYw
alcohol is 20-30%. Food, and particularly carbohydrate, retards
absorption: blood concentrations may not reach a quarter of
those achieved on an empty stomach. The pleasurable effects
of alcohol are best achieved with a meal or when alcohol is
drunk diluted, in the case of spirits.
Alcohol is distributed throughout the water in the
body so that most tissues—such as the heart, brain, and
muscles—are exposed to the same concentration of alcohol
as the blood. The exception is the liver, where exposure is
greater because blood is received directly from the stomach
and small bowel via the portal vein. Alcohol diffuses rather
slowly, except into organs with a rich blood supply such as
the brain and lungs.

https://bit.ly/2CCuPYw

Very little alcohol enters fat because of fat's poor

solubility. Blood and tissue concentrations are therefore
higher in women, who have more subcutaneous fat and a
smaller blood volume than in men, even when the amount
of alcohol consumed is adjusted for body weight. Women
also may have lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenases in
the stomach than men, so that less alcohol is metabolized
before absorption. Alcohol enters the fetus readily through
the placenta and is eliminated by maternal metabolism.

https://bit.ly/3g0Vn4i
 Blood alcohol
concentration varies
according to sex, size and body build, phase of the
menstrual cycle (it is highest premenstrual and at ovulation),
previous exposure to alcohol, type of drink, whether alcohol
is taken with food or drugs, such as cimetidine (which
inhibits gastric alcohol dehydrogenase) and antihistamines,
phenothiazines, and metoclopramide (which enhance
gastric emptying, thus increasing absorption).

shorturl.at/fktE2

Impact of Drinking Alcohol on the Family and

Community 5 Effects of Alcoholism on Family

1. Damaged Family Relationships

• Struggle to create strong emotional bonds, even within their family unit the parents
• Increased risk of negative interactions, especially among couples
• Tend to lie about their condition, minimizing its effect on the family
• Destroys trust and makes it difficult for other family members to build strong
relationships with the individual

2. Developmental Issues in Neglected

Children
Children of parents who struggle with alcoholism
are at higher risk for cognitive, behavioral, and
emotional problems. Parents who are struggling
with alcohol addiction are often neglectful of both
the physical and emotional needs of their children.
This leads to serious developmental issues for the
kids.

shorturl.at/czBF9

Some of the problems children experience in homes where alcoholism is present includes:

• Academic problems
• Anxiety and depression
• Poor emotional development
• Difficulty with intimate relationships as adults
• A tendency to be dishonest
3. Domestic Abuse
 Emotional abuse such as insulting, manipulating or humiliating their family members
 Physical violence
4. Drained Family Finances

The habit of consuming alcohol regularly is

expensive. While the total amount spent on
alcohol will vary depending on the frequency
and type chosen, the costs add up.
https:
//bit.ly/2VkgI0B
5. Physical and Mental Health Issues
 Include liver disease, digestive system
problems, damage to the brain, and risk for stroke
 Mental health problems are also a risk for these families. The anxiety and stress that
alcoholism brings to a family will wear down the emotional health of all involved.

Concerns to the community that is associated with alcohol use include noise, litter, offensive
behavior, vandalism, aggression, petty crime, and assault and road safety issues. Many of
these social consequences can result in violence or injury to others.

Excessive alcohol consumption is a contributing factor

in:
• road deaths
• domestic, physical, and sexual violence
• violent crimes and night-time assaults
• Homicides
• Problems faced by 15-24-year old linked
with violence, crime, vandalism, and shorturl.at/imwI0
property destruction

Activity 9: Anti-alcohol Campaign!

Directions: Study the pictures and answer the questions below. Write your answers in
your answer sheet.

A B C

shorturl.at/cezIM shorturl.at/HNW17

Questions:
1. How is each of these ads different?
2. Who is the primary target audience?
3. How do the ads make you feel?
4. Which ad do you think is most effective?

What I have learned

Activity 10: Generalization

How will you protect yourself, your family, and the community against the dangers of drinking
alcohol?
What I can do

Activity 11: Advocacy Material!

Direction: Read the statement below and carefully plan your output
to have a satisfying result.
To preserve and conserve personal and environmental
health, how would be your anti-alcoholism campaign look? Draw it in
a bond paper and paste it to your activity notebook. If available, you
may take a picture on it and post it to your Facebook or any social
media account to show your positive support to the Anti-alcohol
drinking Campaign. shorturl.at/fsHMU

RUBRIC FOR ADVOCACY MATERIAL MAKING

(POSTER MAKING)
RUBRIC 1 2 3 4 5
Title is
Title is
correctly
Partial/ present but Title is correct,
No title on written in
Title incomplete capitalized neat, creative,
project neat,
title and spelled and colorful
attractive
incorrectly
letters
2-3 facts are
1 fact is
written or a 4 facts are 5 facts are
No facts on written or
Facts partially written and written and
poster facts are
correct are correct correct
incorrect

2
3 neat, clear 4 neat, clear,
No 1 illustration illustrations
illustrations creative
Illustrations illustrations related to related to
on poster events topic are related to illustrations
present topic related to topic

A very
limited Poster has a Poster uses Poster uses
No colors fair neatly neat, clear,
Color amount of
present color is amount of colored creative
present color elements coloring

Poster lacks
Poster lack
neatness Poster is Poster is Poster is very
neatness and
and is somewhat organized organized,
Appearance is
poorly organized and is neat clear, easy-
mostly
organized and neat and clear toread lettering
organized

Total
 Assessment: (Post-Test)

A. True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is not.

_________1. Secondhand smoke is not dangerous to one’s health as mainstream smoke.

_________2. Nausea occurs when alcohol will not irritate the stomach lining; Vomiting;
motion sickness

_________3. Cigarette smoking and use of smokeless tobacco kill thousands of Filipinos every
year.

_________4. The longer cigarette smoke stays in the body, the more it causes damage to body
parts.

_________5. Cancer, heart diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are
just some of the diseases caused by cigarette smoking.

B. MULTIPLE CHOICES. Read and answer the questions carefully. Write the letter of the
correct answer on the given answer sheet.

1. Cigarette smoking primarily affects the ___________ system.

a. Respiratory system c. Central Nervous system
b. Cardiovascular system d. Digestive system
2. Which of the following choices are perceived to be gateway drugs?
a. Shabu and marijuana c. Cigarettes and marijuana
b. Cigarette and alcohol d. all of the above
3. _____ is the amount of alcohol that has entered a person/s bloodstream at certain
duration.
a. Toxins c. alcoholism
b. Blood Alcohol Concentration d. Ethanol content
4. _____ is the addictive chemical in smokeless tobacco and cigarette.
a. Caffeine c. nicotine
b. Alcohol d. paper
5. _____ is a plant whose leaves can be rolled in a cigar or pipe and can be smoked.
a. Marijuana plant c. opium
b. Tobacco plant d. grains
6. A kind of smoke emitted by cigarettes which smokers directly inhale is called __.
a. Mainstream smoke c. third-hand smoke
b. Second-hand smoke d. Residual tobacco smoke
7. _____ are drugs that a non-drug user might try out and can lead to trying more
dangerous ones.
a. Prohibited drugs c. marijuana
b. Gateway drugs d. cocaine
8. _____ is a group of diseases which makes body cells grow uncontrollably.
a. Pneumonia c. asthma
b. Stroke d. cancer
9. A condition when a person heavily consumes alcohol consistently which results in
numerous body damage and malfunctions.
a. Alcoholism c. fatigue
b. Intoxication d. drunkenness
10. _____ is a beverage alcohol which comes from grains and fruits.
a. Isopropyl c. ethanol
b. Methanol d. tobacco