Science 10

Quarter 3 - Module 1
Endocrine System

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippine

 10
Science
Quarter 3 - Module 1
Endocrine System

Lesson
The Endocrine System
1

What I Need to Know

For this lesson,

prepare to meet the
endocrine system.

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. identify the major endocrine glands in the body and their functions;
2. identify which gland is involved in a dysfunction; and
3. explain the effect of hormonal imbalance.

What Is It
As you go through this lesson, you will be able to understand the role of hormones in
the body. In addition, you should be able to identify the major endocrine glands in the body
and their key functions.
 Many endocrine glands make up your endocrine system. One function of this system
is to regulate reproduction and other closely-associated phenomena. This system also helps
you to cope with the changes in the environment. In addition, the endocrine system is
responsible for many reactions such as influencing how your heart beats, how your bones and
tissues develop, and even your capacity to have a baby. It plays an essential role in the
occurrence of disorders such as diabetes, thyroid disease, growth disorders, and/or sexual
dysfunction. Your endocrine glands also secrete chemicals, called hormones, into the
bloodstream which carries them throughout the body. When a hormone in the blood reaches
the target organ, it produces a significant effect. Moreover, the endocrine system sends
signals all over the body, much like the nervous system. However, unlike the instant
responses activated by the nervous system, the effects can take a few hours or even weeks.

Figure 3.1 The parts of the endocrine system

Source: www.google.com Labeled for Reuse

Functions of the Hormones

Hormones help regulate body processes such as growth, development,
metabolism, and response to stimuli. They are like chemical messengers that transport a
signal from one cell to another. Since they circulate all throughout the body, they can
affect many body parts even those situated distance away from the cells that secrete
them. Some processes in the body are coordinated by hormones which regulate and
balance the working of organs, tissues, and cells. Both men and women produce
hormones in the same areas with one exception, the reproductive glands. Extra male
hormones are produced in the testes while female hormones are produced in the ovaries.
In terms of their body effects, they can also vary. Some hormones have short-term effects
while other hormones have influence even in the long term such as those that control our
growth and the changes at the onset of puberty.
During puberty, there are many hormonal changes that happen in your body. One
moment you are laughing, and then suddenly, you feel like crying. Sudden mood swings
are relatively caused by the increasing amount of hormones in the body at this stage. It is
therefore important to maintain a positive outlook in life and remember that these changes
are only temporary and will stabilize with time.
Another significant fact about hormones is that they act in very small amounts. If
the organ and hormones do not produce the regulated amount of chemicals to your body, it
may result to an abnormality. This condition is called hormonal imbalance. An increase or
decrease in the hormonal amount may have a significant effect to the body.
The table below shows the functions of the endocrine glands, their location, their
 functions, and the hormones that they release.
Gland Location Hormones Released Function
Oxytocin, Vasopressin,
Growth Hormone,
Adrenocorticotropic
at the base Hormone (ACTH), stimulates growth;
Pituitary of the brain Prolactin, Luteinizing controls the
Hormone, Follicle functions of other
Stimulating Hormone glands
(FSH)
regulates body
below the metabolism; causes
Thyroid Thyroxin, Calcitonin
voice box storage of calcium in
the bones
controls the
Parathyroid in the neck Parathyromone calcium levels in
your body;
normalizes bone
growth
enables the
Thymus in front of the Thymosin body to
heart
produce
certain
antibodies
prepares the body
on top of the for action; controls
Adrenal kidneys Adrenaline the heart rate and
breathing in times
of emergency
between the regulates blood
Pancreas Insulin, Glucagon
kidneys sugar levels

Reproductive lower Androgen, control maturation

-Testes abdomen Testosterone and male
(Male) characteristics

influence female
-Ovaries lower Estrogen, traits; support
(Female) abdomen Progesterone reproductive
function

During an emergency, can you still recall how the ambulance driver coped with the
situation by driving efficiently? What do you think is the hormone responsible for this?
Adrenalin is the emergency hormone which helps the driver respond quickly and
accordingly.

Figure 3.2 The pituitary and pineal glands

Source: www.google.com Labeled for Reuse
 The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it regulates many body
processes. The body needs certain hormones in different types of situations. In other
words, your endocrine glands do not release hormones continuously. Some signals within
your body tell each gland when to secrete hormones. There are also signals that tell the
gland to stop.
A good example of a gland that signals other glands to function is the pituitary
gland. For most living organisms, reproduction is basically a normal process controlled by
hormones. Even though human reproduction is also controlled by hormones, the process
is more complicated. Unlike other species such as plants and animals, you can make
decisions about reproduction. What can influence these decisions are your values,
emotions, expectations, and goals. However, like any other living things, humans depend
on reproduction for the survival of the species. If people stop to reproduce, the human
species would become extinct.

What’s More

ARE YOU CONTROLLING ME?

In this activity, identify the major endocrine glands in the body and their functions
Direction: Study each picture in the table that depicts the involvement of a certain gland in
the endocrine system. Complete the table by choosing the CAPITAL LETTER of the
endocrine part or gland and explain its effect in the appropriate column. Finally,
answer more guide questions to deepen your mastery on the topic.
A. Pancreas D. Adrenal Gland
B. Thymus Gland E. Ovaries
C. Pituitary Gland
Activity Illustration Part/Gland & the Effect

A kid eating candies

An ill person in bed

A boy growing taller

An ambulance driver beating

the time
Burning calories during
exercise

Guide Questions

A. Fill in the blanks to make the statements correct.

1. Which gland controls the other glands in the body?

The ______________ controls the output of the other glands in the body.
2. Which gland is located below the voice box?
The ______________ is located below the voice box.
3. Which gland is located on the thyroid glands?
The ______________ is located on the thyroid glands and produces
parathormone that increases blood calcium levels and normalizes bone
growth.
4. Which gland produces parathormone?
The ______________ produces parathormone that increases blood calcium
levels and normalizes bone growth.
5. Which organ is involved when the blood sugar becomes unstable?
The ______________ is involved when blood sugar level becomes unstable.
6. Which gland produces T-cells?
The ______________ enables the body to produce T- cells that help in fighting
infections and diseases.
7. Which gland can develop the adaptive immune system?
A person born without a ______________ will not develop an adaptive
immune system and may eventually die.
8. Which gland enables the body to produce energy?
The ______________produces adrenaline that enables the body to have
the energy in doing spontaneous work during emergency situations.
9. What type of pills control the functioning of the ovaries and uterus?
______________ pills contain hormones that control the functioning of the ovaries
and the uterus.
10. What hormones are responsible for milk production?
______________ and ______________ enable milk production which provides the
needed nourishment of a baby.

What I Have Learned

Direction: Answer the following question. (15 points)

Make a concept map about the Endocrine System.

 Assessment

Directions: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer.

1. An organ that develops a secretion is a/an __________.
A. estrogen B. hormone C. gland D. progesterone
2. A _____________ is the chemical secretion of endocrine glands.
A. blood B. gland C. hormone D. vessel
3. The following are the functions of the endocrine system EXCEPT for ________.
A. mental development C. sexual development
B. physical development D. spiritual development
4. The gland that controls all the endocrine glands is the _________.
A. hypothalamus B. pituitary gland C. thalamus D. thyroid gland
5. The major glands in the body are the following EXCEPT for ______.
A. pituitary B. parathyroid C. thyroid D. thymus
6. Which gland regulates the body metabolism?
A. pituitary B. parathyroid C. thyroid D. thalamus
7. Which of the following controls maturation and the male characteristics?
A. adrenal B. ovaries C. pancreas D. testes
8. The ________influence female traits and support reproductive function.
A. adrenal B. ovaries C. pancreas D. testes
9. This plays an important role in both male and female reproductive systems.
A. estrogen B. hormone C. gland D. progesterone
10. Hormones can cause a series of chemical reactions within __________.
A. glands B. organs C. tissues D. target cells
11. Which of the following is known as the emergency hormone?
A. adrenalin B. androgen C. estrogen D. progesterone
12. It regulates the blood sugar level.
A. pancreas B. parathyroid C. pituitary D. thyroid
13. Which part enables the body to produce certain antibodies?
A. pituitary B. parathyroid C. thyroid D. thymus
14. Which of the following glands controls the calcium levels in the body and
normalizes bone growth?
A. pituitary B. parathyroid C. thyroid D. thymus
15. This contains a group of glands that releases hormones in the body.
A. Circulatory System C. Nervous System
B. Endocrine System D. Respiratory System

Additional Activities

In this activity, you are expected to explain about hormonal imbalances.

A. Directions: Identify which gland in the endocrine system is involved in the following
dysfunction and explain the effect of hormonal imbalance that was observed.
 Source: www.google.com Labeled for Reuse Source: www.google.com Labeled for Reuse

Dwarfism Gigantism

____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________

Goiter

Source: www.google.com Labeled for Reuse

_____________________
_____________________

B. Guide Questions

1. What condition may result if the pituitary gland is not producing enough growth
hormones?
2. What will happen to a person with too much secretion of growth hormones from
the pituitary gland?
3. Why is there an observable swelling in the front part of the neck of a person who
has a goiter?
4. How does iodized salt help in in the prevention of thyroid problems?
5. How does the medical condition of a person with endocrine dysfunction affect his
way of life?

Assessment (Unit Test)

Multiple Choice. Select the correct answer. Write the CAPITAL LETTER only.

1. When does the reproductive system among humans become active?

A. When an individual grows taller. C. When an individual reaches college.
B. When an individual reaches high school. D. When an individual reaches puberty.
2. Which of the following structures is responsible in producing sperm cells?
A. penis B. prostate gland C. scrotum D. testis
3. How can a sperm be ejected?
A. through ejaculation C. through urination
B. when taking a bath D. all of the choices
4. It carries the sperm from the testes to the urethra.
A. scrotum B. testis C. seminal vesicle D. vas deferens
5. What is the process that causes the penis to enlarge and become firm?
A. ejaculation B. erection C. urination D. gestation
6. Which of the following is the neck of the uterus leading to the vaginal canal?
A. oviduct B. cervix C. endometrium D. hymen
7. It is the thin mucous membrane which covers the vaginal opening.
A. endometrium B. ovary C. oviduct D. hymen
8. It contains the external genitalia.
A. vestibule C. vagina
B. urethra D. mammary glands
9. Which of the following describes an egg cell?
A. gamete B. gonads C. chromosome D. zygote
10. What is the female organ for copulation?
A. ovary B. oviduct C. uterus D. vagina
11. This is known as the emergency hormone.
A. adrenalin B. androgen C. estrogen D. progesterone
12. Which of the following regulates the blood sugar level?
A. pancreas B. parathyroid C. pituitary D. thyroid
13. Which of the following enables the body to produce certain antibodies?
A. pituitary B. parathyroid C. thyroid D. thymus
14. It controls the calcium levels in the body and normalizes the bone growth.
A. pituitary B. parathyroid C. thyroid D. thymus
15. It contains a group of glands that releases hormones in the body.
A. Circulatory System C. Nervous System
B. Endocrine System D. Respiratory System

GOD BLESS.
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